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E-grāmata: Time-Dependency in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

(University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan)
  • Formāts: 260 pages
  • Sērija : ISRM Book Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jan-2017
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498777001
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Time-Dependency in Rock Mechanics and Rock EngineeringPalielināt
  • Formāts: 260 pages
  • Sērija : ISRM Book Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jan-2017
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498777001
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This book is concerned with time-dependency in rock mechanics and rock engineering, whose spectrum is very wide. While the term “time-dependency” involves time-dependent behavior/rate-dependent behavior of rocks in a conventional sense, this books attempts to cover the spectrum as much as possible including coupled processes of thermal, hydrological and diffusions in rocks. It presents theoretical formulations, experiments, numerical formulation and examples of applications. Of paramount concern is the long-term response and stability of rock engineering structures, including for instance man-made and natural slopes and underground facilities such as tunnels and powerhouses.

This work will be of interest to civil, mining and rock engineers, consulting engineers, professionals in computational mechanics, contractors, structural geologists/engineers, engineering geologists, petroleum engineers, and, to a lesser extent, architects.

Recenzijas

"The subject of time-dependency is one of the most important and also difficult aspects of rock mechanics and rock engineering. [ Additionally,] there have not been many books on the subject.

The author of this book, who is an expert on rock mechanics and rock engineering, combines his knowledge and personal experience in the field of time dependent effects on rock masses to encourage the practical use of various aspects of this subject. The book consists of detailed chapters mainly on time-dependent (rate-dependent), thermo-mechanical, thermo-hydro-diffusion and thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviours of rocks, water migration in soft rocks and its effects, hydromechanics of rocks and rock engineering structures with the presentation of experimental, numerical and empirical methods. The book also includes very useful applications and/or examples selected from the studies of the author and discussions on them.

This new book dedicated on time dependency in rock mechanics and rock engineering would be welcomed by a large group of researchers, both graduate and undergraduate students and professionals (particularly mining, civil and geological engineers and geophysicists) and also libraries. The book has also a big potential to be used as a textbook for educational purposes both in undergraduate and graduate levels and will fill the gap on this subject in literature."

Prof. Resat Ulusay, President-Elect of ISRM and Professor at the Faculty of Engineering at Hacettepe University, Turkey.

The book consists of seven detailed chapters and includes the presentation of experimental, numerical and empirical methods. In each chapter, the fundamental concepts are directly linked to applications through the presentation of a wide range of case studies. The author of this book combines his knowledge and personal experience in the field of time-dependent effects on rock masses for the practical use of various aspects of the subject. [ ...] This book will be useful for educational purposes as it is comprehensive and clearly written. Fundamental concepts of coupled modelling, analytical solutions and numerical implementation are presented. They are associated with experimental studies and applications to real case studies. Therefore, this book will also be useful for practitioners for the design and the long-term assessment of rock engineering structures. Overall, the strength of the book is in a comprehensive presentation of the basic concepts, together with the reporting of main theoretical, experimental and numerical issues. Also addressed are the coupled physical processes and numerous applications to real case studies of rock engineering structures. A weakness is found in the lack of references to the existing literature, in particular on numerical modelling of coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Chemical- Mechanical (THCM) processes.

Prof. Giovanni Barla, Vice President of ISRM 1995-1999. Reviewed in the February 2018 issue of the Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering Journal.

About the author ix
Acknowledgements xi
1 Introduction
1(4)
2 Time-dependent (rate-dependent) behaviour of rocks
5(82)
2.1 Introduction
5(1)
2.2 Creep behaviour and testing techniques
6(13)
2.2.1 Laboratory creep testing devices
7(2)
2.2.2 Laboratory creep tests
9(10)
2.3 Rate-dependency of rocks and testing
19(5)
2.3.1 Low-rate testing of rocks
19(1)
2.3.2 High-rate testing of rocks
19(5)
2.4 Correlations between rate-dependent and creep tests
24(3)
2.5 Constitutive modeling
27(20)
2.5.1 Uniaxial creep laws
27(1)
2.5.1.1 Empirical creep laws
27(1)
2.5.1.2 Simple rheological models for creep response
28(10)
2.5.2 Multi-dimensional constitutive laws
38(1)
2.5.2.1 Linear constitutive laws
38(1)
2.5.2.2 Non-linear behaviour (elasto-plasticity and elasto-visco-plasticity)
39(8)
2.6 Correlation between compression creep tests and impression creep tests
47(7)
2.6.1 Empirical correlations
47(1)
2.6.2 Analytical correlations
47(2)
2.6.3 Numerical studies on correlations between experimental techniques
49(5)
2.7 Creep experiments on Oya tuff
54(13)
2.7.1 Geology and stability problems of underground quarries in Oya region
54(2)
2.7.2 Short term physical and mechanical properties of Oya tuff
56(4)
2.7.3 Brazilian tensile creep experiments
60(3)
2.7.4 Impressions creep experiments
63(2)
2.7.5 Uniaxial creep experiments
65(1)
2.7.6 Comparisons of experiments
66(1)
2.8 Applications of the long term response and stability of rock engineering structures
67(20)
2.8.1 Abandoned room-pillar mines
67(5)
2.8.2 Abandoned room and pillar quarries of Oya tuff
72(1)
2.8.3 Man-made natural underground openings in Cappadocia region
72(6)
2.8.4 Application to Tawarazaka tunnel
78(4)
2.8.5 Applications to underground power house
82(1)
2.8.6 Applications to foundations
83(4)
3 Water migration in soft rocks and its effects on the response of rock structures
87(36)
3.1 Introduction
87(1)
3.2 Modeling of water absorption/desorption processes and associated volumetric changes in rocks
88(1)
3.2.1 Mechanical modeling
88(1)
3.2.2 Finite element modeling
89(1)
3.3 Moisture migration process and volumetric changes
89(9)
3.3.1 Drying testing procedure
90(4)
3.3.2 Saturation testing technique
94(1)
3.3.3 X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanning technique
95(3)
3.4 Swelling-shrinkage process
98(6)
3.4.1 Shrinkage process
98(1)
3.4.2 Swelling process
99(5)
3.5 Material property changes and degradation
104(3)
3.6 Applications
107(16)
3.6.1 Breakout formation in rocks due to moisture loss
107(2)
3.6.2 Tunneling in swelling rocks
109(3)
3.6.3 Evaluation of long term creep-like deformation of rock slopes
112(1)
3.6.3.1 Analytical model and its application
112(3)
3.6.3.2 Semi-infinite multi-layer finite element model and its application
115(1)
3.6.3.3 Implementation in discrete finite element method (DFEM) and analyses
116(7)
4 Thermo-mechanical behaviour Of rocks and heat transport in rocks
123(22)
4.1 Introduction
123(1)
4.2 Mechanical modeling heat transport in rocks
123(1)
4.3 Numerical modeling of thermo-mechanical responses of rocks
124(2)
4.3.1 Weak form formulation
124(1)
4.3.2 Discretization in time domain
125(1)
4.4 Thermal properties of rocks and their measurements
126(7)
4.4.1 Definition of fundamental parameters
127(1)
4.4.2 Physical model of experimental set-up
128(2)
4.4.3 Experimental procedure
130(3)
4.5 Applications
133(12)
4.5.1 Temperature evolution in rock due to hydration of adjacent concrete lining
133(4)
4.5.2 Underground cavern in rock
137(3)
4.5.3 Temperature distribution in the vicinity of geological active faults
140(5)
5 Hydromechanics of rocks and rock engineering structures
145(36)
5.1 Introduction
145(1)
5.2 Fundamental equation of fluid flow in porous media
146(2)
5.2.1 Special form of governing equation
147(1)
5.2.2 Governing equations of fluid in reservoirs attached to sample
148(1)
5.3 Permeability characteristics of rocks and discontinuities
148(12)
5.3.1 Some considerations on Darcy law for rocks and discontinuities
148(5)
5.3.2 Transient pulse test
153(4)
5.3.3 Falling head tests
157(3)
5.4 Some specific simulations and applications to actual experiments
160(7)
5.4.1 Some specific simulations
160(3)
5.4.2 Applications to actual permeability tests
163(4)
5.5 Mechanical coupling effect of groundwater on rocks and discontinuities
167(9)
5.5.1 Theoretical formulation
167(1)
5.5.2 Theoretical modelling of tilting tests
168(4)
5.5.3 Tilting experiments
172(1)
5.5.4 Tests on wedge blocks
172(4)
5.6 Modeling structures in rocks subjected to ground-water fluctuations
176(5)
5.6.1 Theoretical and finite element modeling
176(1)
5.6.2 Applications to pumped storage power house project
177(4)
6 Thermo-hydro-diffusion behaviour of rocks
181(14)
6.1 Introduction
181(1)
6.2 Mechanical modeling
181(4)
6.2.1 Fundamental equations
182(1)
6.2.2 Constitutive laws
183(1)
6.2.3 Simplified form of fundamental equations
184(1)
6.3 Finite element formulation
185(3)
6.3.1 Weak forms of fundamental equations
185(1)
6.3.2 Discretization of weak forms
186(1)
6.3.2.1 Discretization in physical space
186(2)
6.3.2.2 Discretization in time domain
188(1)
6.4 Examples and discussions
188(5)
6.5 Concluding remarks
193(2)
7 Thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of rocks
195(28)
7.1 Introduction
195(1)
7.2 Mechanical modeling based on mixture theory
195(11)
7.2.1 Preliminaries
196(2)
7.2.2 Definitions of thermo-hydro-mechanical quantities for fluid-saturated porous media
198(2)
7.2.3 Mass conservation law for two-phase materials
200(1)
7.2.4 The equations of momentum balance
201(1)
7.2.5 Energy conservation law
202(1)
7.2.6 Constitutive laws
203(2)
7.2.7 Final governing equations
205(1)
7.3 Finite element formulation
206(4)
7.3.1 Weak forms of fundamental equations
206(1)
7.3.2 Discretization of weak forms
207(1)
7.3.2.1 Discretization in physical space
207(2)
7.3.2.2 Discretization in time domain
209(1)
7.4 Examples and discussions
210(4)
7.4.1 Example of buried heat source in fully saturated shallow rock mass
210(3)
7.4.2 Analyses of shallow and deep underground waste disposal repositories
213(1)
7.5 Analysis for actual ground
214(7)
7.6 Concluding remarks
221(2)
Appendix
221(2)
8 Conclusions
223(2)
Appendix: Publications related to the book 225(8)
References 233(8)
Subject index 241
Dr. Omer Aydan was born in 1955, and studied Mining Engineering at the Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey (B.Sc., 1979), Rock Mechanics and Excavation Engineering at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (M.Sc., 1982), and finally received his Ph.D. in Geotechnical Engineering from Nagoya University, Japan in 1989. He worked at Nagoya University as a research associate (1987-1991), and at the Department of Marine Civil Engineering at Tokai University, first as Assistant Professor (1991-1993), then as Associate Professor (1993-2001), and finally as Professor (2001-2010). He then became Professor of the Institute of Oceanic Research and Development at Tokai University, and is currently Professor at the University of Ryukyus, Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. Omer has played an active role on numerous ISRM, JSCE, JGS, SRI and Rock Mech. National Group of Japan committees, and has organized several national and international symposia and conferences. He was also made Honorary Professor in Earth Science by Pamukkale University in 2008.
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