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E-grāmata: Tissue Regeneration: Where Nano Structure Meets Biology [World Scientific e-book]

Edited by (Stevens Inst Of Tech, Usa), Edited by (3d Biotek, Usa & Tongji Univ, China)
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Tissue Regeneration: Where Nano Structure Meets BiologyPalielināt
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Biotechnology, bioengineering, and other specialists from the US, Europe, and Japan describe the use of stem cells and nano-structured biomaterials for tissue regeneration and engineering, including naturally derived extracellular matrix, synthetic biomimetic nanofibers, synthetic nano-structured ceramics, and synthetic nano-structure polymer/ceramic composites that can promote tissue regeneration. They also discuss the preparation of tissue development, decellularized scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering and whole-organ regeneration, three-dimensional electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, nanofibrous scaffolds, nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates, and cell behavior and electrospun scaffolds. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

This unique volume presents the recent advances in tissue regeneration. The authors are all active researchers in their respective fields with extensive experiences. The focus of the book is on the use of stem cells and nano-structured biomaterials for tissue regeneration/tissue engineering. It includes the use of stem cells, naturally derived extracellular matrix (ECM), synthetic biomimetic nano-fibers, synthetic nano-structured ceramics and synthetic nano-structured polymer/ceramic composites that can help/promote tissue regeneration. Methods on how to produce these nano-structured biomaterials are also discussed in several chapters. Future challenges and perspectives in the field of regenerative medicine (tissue regeneration) are also discussed.
Preface v
List of Contributors
xix
Chapter 1 Adult Stem Cells: From Bench-Top to Bedside
1(60)
Henry E. Young
Lee Hyer
Asa C. Black Jr.
Joe Sam Robinson Jr.
1 Introduction
2(4)
2 Classification of Stem Cells
6(13)
3 Stem Cell Isolation and Cultivation
19(7)
3.1 Isolation
19(1)
3.2 Cultivation
19(1)
3.3 Replating
20(1)
3.4 Cryopreservation
21(1)
3.5 Assaying for cell type
22(4)
4 Parkinson Disease and Potential of Stem Cell
26(24)
4.1 Bench-top animal model for Parkinson disease
35(3)
4.2 Bedside phase-0 efficacy trial for Parkinson disease
38(12)
5 Future Perspective
50(4)
6 Concluding Remarks
54(7)
Acknowledgments
55(1)
References
56(5)
Chapter 2 Preparation of Tissue Development --- Mimicking Matrices and Their Applications
61(16)
Guoping Chen
Takashi Hoshiba
Naoki Kawazoe
1 Introduction
62(1)
2 Cell-Derived Matrices
62(3)
3 Stepwise Osteogenesis-Mimicking Matrices
65(3)
4 Stepwise Adipogenesis-Mimicking Matrices
68(3)
5 Comparison of Stepwise Osteogenesis-Mimicking and Stepwise Adipogenesis-Mimicking Matrices on Stem Cell Differentiation
71(2)
6 Conclusions
73(4)
References
73(4)
Chapter 3 Decellularized Scaffolds: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications in Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Whole-Organ Regeneration
77(48)
Sourav S. Patnaik
Bo Wang
Benjamin Weed
Jason A. Wertheim
Jun Liao
1 Introduction
78(3)
2 History and Current State of Decellularized Approach
81(2)
3 Methodologies in Decellularization Approaches
83(6)
3.1 The balance between cell removal and ECM preservation
83(1)
3.2 Current state of decellularization methodologies
84(1)
3.2.1 Chemicals methods
84(2)
3.2.2 Enzymatic methods
86(1)
3.2.3 Physical methods and preservation methods
87(1)
3.2.4 Combinations of various decellularization methods
87(1)
3.2.5 Scaffold treatment --- Sterilization, stabilization, coating, and storage/handling
88(1)
4 Application of Decellularized Scaffolds in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
89(8)
4.1 Cardiac tissue engineering
89(3)
4.2 Acellular myocardial scaffolds and applications
92(1)
4.3 Biomechanics of acellular myocardial scaffold and its implications
93(4)
5 Application of Decellularized Scaffolds in Whole-Organ Tissue Engineering
97(5)
5.1 Demands for whole-organ tissue engineering
97(1)
5.2 Whole-organ decellularization and its applications
98(1)
5.2.1 Heart
99(1)
5.2.2 Lung
99(1)
5.2.3 Liver
100(1)
5.2.4 Kidney
101(1)
6 Discussions
102(23)
6.1 3D structural integrity
102(1)
6.2 Recellularization and provision of oxygen and nutrients
103(4)
6.3 Concluding remarks
107(1)
Acknowledgments
108(1)
References
108(17)
Chapter 4 Recent Advances on Three-Dimensional Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration and Repair
125(38)
Bing Ma
Matthew R. MacEwan
Franklin D. Shuler
Matthew K. Wingate
Jingwei Xie
1 Introduction
126(2)
2 Fabrication of 3D Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds
128(16)
2.1 Nanofiber bundles and yarns
128(3)
2.2 Tubular nanofiber structures
131(3)
2.3 Microspherical nanofiber structures
134(1)
2.4 Heterogeneous structures
135(3)
2.5 Regular structures formed by layer-by-layer stacking
138(1)
2.6 Regular structures formed by direct fiber writing
139(1)
2.7 Regular structures with dimpled feature
140(1)
2.8 Regular structures with patterned hexagonal features
141(1)
2.9 Regular structures formed by noobing and weaving
142(2)
3 Utilization of 3D Nanofiber Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration and Repair
144(9)
3.1 Putting tubular nanofiber scaffolds to work for artificial blood vessels
144(2)
3.2 Putting tubular nanofiber scaffolds to work for nerve regeneration
146(3)
3.3 Putting layer-by-layer stacked nanofiber scaffolds to work for annulus fibrosus regeneration
149(2)
3.4 Putting 3D nanofiber scaffolds to work for bone regeneration
151(2)
4 Conclusion and Remarks
153(10)
Acknowledgments
155(1)
References
155(8)
Chapter 5 Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends
163(42)
Masoud Mozafari
Vahid Shabafrooz
Mustafa Yazdimamaghani
Daryoosh Vashaee
Lobat Tayebi
1 Nanotechnology
164(2)
2 Electrospinning
166(33)
2.1 Processing parameters
166(1)
2.1.1 Applied voltage
167(1)
2.1.2 Flow rate
167(1)
2.1.3 Collector distance
167(1)
2.1.4 Types of collectors
168(1)
2.2 Solution parameters
169(1)
2.2.1 Polymer concentration
169(1)
2.2.2 Solution conductivity
170(1)
2.3 Polymeric blends
170(1)
2.3.1 Blends of natural polymers
170(2)
2.3.2 Blends of natural and synthetic polymers
172(3)
2.4 State-of-the-art and new trends
175(1)
2.4.1 Need of electrospinning for tissue engineering
175(2)
2.4.2 Novel approaches in electrospinning
177(19)
2.4.3 Combined therapy with drug loaded scaffolds
196(3)
3 Conclusion
199(6)
Acknowledgments
199(1)
References
199(6)
Chapter 6 Extra Cellular Matrix and Its Application as Coating on Synthetic 3D Scaffolds for Guided Tissue Regeneration
205(14)
Qing Liu
Marika K. Bergenstock
1 Introduction
206(1)
2 Scaffold-Guided Tissue Regeneration
206(2)
3 ECM as Naturally Derived Scaffolds
208(1)
4 Synthetic 3D Scaffolds Coated with Cell Culture Derived ECM for Bone Regeneration
209(4)
5 Conclusion Remarks
213(6)
References
214(5)
Chapter 7 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
219(124)
Sergey V. Dorozhkin
1 Introduction
220(3)
2 General Information on "Nano"
223(4)
3 Micron- and Submicron-Sized Calcium Orthophosphates vs. the Nanodimensional Ones
227(3)
4 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates in Calcified Tissues of Mammals
230(3)
4.1 Bones
230(2)
4.2 Teeth
232(1)
5 The Structure of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites
233(6)
6 Synthesis of Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
239(19)
6.1 General nanotechnological approaches
239(1)
6.2 Nanodimensional and nanocrystalline apatites
240(12)
6.3 Nanodimensional and nanocrystalline TCP
252(1)
6.4 Other nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates
253(4)
6.5 Biomimetic construction using nanodimensional particles
257(1)
7 Biomedical Applications of Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
258(18)
7.1 Bone repair
258(4)
7.2 Nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates and cells
262(4)
7.3 Dental applications
266(2)
7.4 Other biomedical applications
268(8)
8 Non-Biomedical Applications of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
276(1)
9 Summary and Perspectives
276(4)
10 Conclusions
280(1)
11 Post-Conclusion Remarks
281(62)
References
282(61)
Chapter 8 Nano-Bioceramics as Coatings for Orthopedic Implants and Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
343(50)
Yongxing Liu Mohamed N. Rahaman
B. Sonny Bal
1 Nanotechnology in Orthopedic and Dental Implants
344(16)
1.1 Nanoscale topography
346(4)
1.2 Nanostructured coatings of bioactive ceramics
350(1)
1.2.1 Calcium phosphate-based (CaP) coatings
351(2)
1.2.2 Nanocomposite and doped HA coatings
353(3)
1.2.3 Reinforcement of HA coatings with nanoscale phases
356(2)
1.2.4 Non-CaP ceramic coatings
358(2)
1.3 Outlook for nanostructured ceramic coatings
360(1)
2 Three-Dimensional Macroporous Scaffolds of Nanostructured Bioceramics
360(33)
2.1 Bioactive glass scaffolds
361(3)
2.2 CaP scaffolds
364(3)
2.3 Surface coating
367(2)
2.4 Polymer-ceramic nanocomposites
369(1)
2.4.1 Nanophase bioactive ceramic coating on macroporous biopolymer scaffolds
370(1)
2.4.2 Organic-inorganic composites
371(4)
2.5 Outlook for nanocomposite scaffolds
375(1)
References
376(17)
Chapter 9 Cell Behavior on Electrospun Scaffolds: Factors at Play on Nanoscale
393(42)
Parthasarathy Madurantakam
Gary Bowlin
1 Introduction
394(1)
2 Cell Sensing of the Micro-Environment
395(16)
2.1 Cell-biomaterial interface
396(1)
2.1.1 Integrins
397(1)
2.1.2 Integrin mediated adhesions
398(2)
2.1.3 Intracellular signaling pathways
400(1)
2.2 Electrospinning
401(2)
2.3 Nano-topologies in electrospun scaffolds
403(1)
2.3.1 Fiber diameter
403(2)
2.3.2 Fiber alignment
405(2)
2.3.3 Pore size and porosity
407(4)
3 Biological Response to Electrospun Scaffolds
411(1)
4 Physical Substrate for Stem Cell Differentiation
412(3)
5 Effect of Fiber Diameter and Scaffold Porosity
415(2)
6 Effect of Fiber Alignment
417(2)
7 Effect of Chemically Modified Electrospun Scaffolds
419(5)
8 Conclusion
424(11)
References
425(10)
Chapter 10 The Convergence of Biomimetic Nanofibers and Cells for Functional Tissue Formation
435(38)
Xuening Chen
Licheng Wang
Hongjun Wang
1 Introduction
436(2)
2 Fabrication of Nanofibers with a Diverse Chemistry
438(12)
2.1 Synthetic polymer fibers
438(1)
2.1.1 Polycaprolactone
438(4)
2.1.2 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
442(1)
2.1.3 Other synthetic polymers
443(1)
2.2 Natural polymer fibers
443(1)
2.2.1 Collagen
444(1)
2.2.2 Chitosan
445(1)
2.2.3 Silk fibroin
446(1)
2.2.4 Other natural polymers
447(1)
2.3 Composite nanofiber
448(1)
2.3.1 Synthetic polymers with natural polymers
448(2)
2.3.2 Polymers with ceramics
450(1)
3 Fiber Dimension and Spatial Arrangement
450(5)
3.1 Fiber diameter
450(2)
3.2 Spatial arrangement of electrospun nanofibers
452(3)
4 Cell-Electrospun Fiber Interaction
455(5)
4.1 Cell morphology
455(1)
4.2 Cell migration and proliferation
456(1)
4.3 Cell phenotype
457(2)
4.4 Underlying mechanism
459(1)
5 Future Perspective and Challenge
460(1)
6 Conclusion
461(12)
Acknowledgment
462(1)
References
462(11)
Chapter 11 Surface Structure of Nanocomposites and Its Properties: A Practical Example
473(44)
Davide Barbieri
Joost D. de Bruijn
Huipin Yuan
1 The Importance of the Surface in Biomaterials
474(4)
2 Nano-Composites with Active Surfaces
478(23)
2.1 Synthesis of nano-sized calcium phosphate apatite
480(2)
2.2 Preparation of composites having various surface roughness levels
482(4)
2.3 Characterization of the surface of composite discs (i.e. roughness and hydrophilicity)
486(3)
2.4 In vitro degradation
489(3)
2.5 In vitro surface mineralization
492(3)
2.6 Serum protein adsorption
495(1)
2.7 rhBMP-2 adsorption from enriched culture medium
496(1)
2.8 hBMSCs cell culture
497(2)
2.9 In vivo tissue response
499(2)
3 Discussion
501(16)
Acknowledgments
507(1)
References
508(9)
Index 517
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