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E-grāmata: Tort Law

4.00/5 (4 ratings by Goodreads)

Sarah Green (University of Bristol School of Law, Bristol, UK), Jodi Gardner (University of Auckland, New Zealand)

Formāts: EPUB+DRM
Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2021
Izdevniecība: Red Globe Press
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781352011425

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Torts / Delicts

Formāts - EPUB+DRM
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Formāts: EPUB+DRM
Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2021
Izdevniecība: Red Globe Press
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781352011425

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Torts / Delicts

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Written by leading academics, this exciting new student-focused textbook offers readers a comprehensive understanding of Tort Law and enables them to become confident critical thinkers. Accessible and thought-provoking, Tort Law combines clear explanations of core legal principles and recent legal developments with lively discussions of key academic perspectives. Extended problem questions, flowcharts and relatable examples help students to understand how law works in a practical context and prepares them for success in assignments and exams. Engaging pedagogical boxes, such as Viewpoint and Making Connections, encourage students to develop their own critical thinking practice and appreciate how Tort Law interacts with other areas of the core law curriculum.

Comprehensive and student-friendly with engaging visual features, Tort Law is an essential companion for all undergraduate Tort Law modules, for students of all abilities.

Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/tort-law. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Table of cases

xvi

Table of legislation

xxvii

About the authors

xxx

Preface

xxxi

Acknowledgements

xxxii

Tour of the book

xxxiv

1 Introduction

(10)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 What is a tort and the history of tort law

(2)

1.3 Aims of tort law

(1)

1.4 Interests protected by tort law

(2)

1.5 Limitations of tort law

(1)

1.6 `Compensation culture'

(2)

1.7 Tort law and insurance

(1)

1.8 Alternative systems

(2)

1.9
Chapter summary

(1)

Further reading

(1)

PART 1 THE TORT OF NEGLIGENCE

(152)

2 Duty of Care

(29)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 Foundations of the modern tort of negligence

(2)

2.3 Establishing a duty of care

(8)

2.3.1 From Caparo to Robinson

(3)

2.3.2 Legally significant features

(5)

2.4 Acts vs omissions or misfeasance vs nonfeasance

(4)

2.4.1 The general rule

(1)

2.4.2 When will liability for omissions arise?

(3)

2.5 Liability of public bodies

(12)

2.5.1 General principles

(2)

2.5.2 Tort and the Human Rights Act 1998

(7)

2.5.3 Is there a specific application of these principles to the police and emergency services?

(3)

2.6
Chapter summary

(2)

Further reading

(1)

Roadmap

(1)

3 Pure Economic Loss

(19)

3.1 Introduction

(1)

3.2 What is pure economic loss?

(1)

3.3 Relational economic loss

(2)

3.4 Negligent services

(8)

3.4.1 The development of Hedley Byrne liability

(4)

3.5 Defective premises

(5)

3.6
Chapter summary

(2)

Further reading

(1)

Roadmap

(1)

4 Psychiatric Injury

(25)

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Abandoning the search for a principle

(2)

4.3 What is `psychiatric harm'?

(1)

4.4 Distinguishing between primary and secondary victims

(16)

4.4.1 Primary victims

(7)

4.4.2 Secondary victims

(9)

4.5 Law in need of reform?

(1)

4.6
Chapter summary

(3)

Further reading

(1)

Roadmap

(1)

5 Breach of Duty

(19)

5.1 Introduction

(1)

5.2 The objective standard of care

(6)

5.2.1 Specific circumstances

(2)

5.2.2 The relevance of risk

(2)

5.3 The standard to be applied to children

(3)

5.4 The standard to be applied to professionals

(4)

5.5 Failure to warn patients of risks

100

(1)

5.6 Social Action, Responsibility and Heroism (SARAH) Act 2015

101

(1)

5.7 Res ipso loquitur

102

(1)

5.8
Chapter summary

103

(2)

Further reading

103

(1)

Roadmap

104

(1)

6 Causation

105

(38)

6.1 Introduction

106

(1)

6.2 Why is the causal inquiry significant and what role does it play?

107

(1)

6.3 But for causation

108

(15)

6.3.1 Basic but for causation

108

(2)

6.3.2 Divisible and indivisible injuries

110

(2)

6.3.3 Successive factors

112

(3)

6.3.4 Material contribution to injury

115

(3)

6.3.5 Loss of a chance of avoiding an adverse physical outcome

118

(5)

6.4 Exceptions to the but for test

123

(17)

6.4.1 Loss of a chance of achieving a better financial outcome

123

(2)

6.4.2 Overdetermination

125

(1)

6.4.3 Material contribution to risk

126

(6)

6.4.4 Single agent

132

(6)

6.4.5 Failure to warn

138

(2)

6.5
Chapter summary

140

(3)

Further reading

141

(1)

Roadmap

142

(1)

7 Remoteness

143

(20)

7.1 Introduction

144

(1)

7.2 Basic form

145

(3)

7.3 Eggshell skull rule

148

(1)

7.4 Scope of duty

149

(6)

7.5 Novus actus interventens

155

(3)

7.5.1 Act of a third party

155

(1)

7.5.2 Act of the claimant

156

(2)

7.6 Intentional torts

158

(3)

7.7
Chapter summary

161

(2)

Further reading

161

(1)

Roadmap

162

(1)

PART 2 TORTS RELATING TO LAND AND GOODS

163

(79)

8 Occupiers Liability

164

(29)

8.1 Introduction

165

(1)

8.2 Who is an occupier?

165

(2)

8.3 The Occupiers' Liability Act 1957 - liability to `visitors'

167

(16)

8.3.1 Who is a visitor?

167

(2)

8.3.2 What are premises?

169

(1)

8.3.3 What is the content of the occupier's duty?

170

(6)

8.3.4 How can that duty be discharged?

176

(7)

8.4 The Occupiers' Liability Act 1984 - liability to those not classed as `visitors'

183

(8)

8.4.1 Who is classed as a non-visitor?

186

(1)

8.4.2 In what circumstances will non-visitors be owed a duty?

187

(1)

8.4.3 What is the content of that duty?

188

(1)

8.4.4 How can that duty be discharged?

189

(2)

8.5
Chapter summary

191

(2)

Further read ing

191

(1)

Roadmap

192

(1)

9 Product Liability

193

(24)

9.1 Introduction

194

(1)

9.2 Contractual remedies

195

(2)

9.3 Common law negligence

197

(1)

9.4 Consumer Protection Act 1987

198

(14)

9.4.1 Product

199

(1)

9.4.2 Damage

200

(2)

9.4.3 Producer

202

(1)

9.4.4 Defect

203

(6)

9.4.5 Defences

209

(3)

9.5 Limitation

212

(3)

9.6
Chapter summary

215

(2)

Further reading

216

(1)

10 Nuisance and the rule in Ryland v Fletcher

217

(25)

10.1 Introduction

218

(1)

10.2 What is private nuisance?

219

(7)

10.2.1 Title to sue and nature of damage suffered

219

(2)

10.2.2 What amounts to an unreasonable interference

221

(5)

10.3 Remedies

226

(3)

10.3.1 Injunction v damages

226

(3)

10.3.2 Abatement

229

(1)

10.4 Defences in private nuisance

229

(2)

10.4.1 Prescription

229

(1)

10.4.2 Act of a stranger

230

(1)

10.4.3 Statutory authority

230

(1)

10.5 The rule in Rylands v Fletcher

231

(6)

10.5.1 Defences to the rule in Rylands v Fletcher

234

(3)

10.6 Public nuisance: a very different thing

237

(2)

10.7 Trespass to land

239

(1)

10.8
Chapter summary

240

(2)

Further reading

240

(1)

Roadmap

241

(1)

PART 3 INTENTIONAL TORTS

242

(54)

11 The Economic Torts

243

(17)

11.1 Introduction

244

(1)

11.2 The distinction made by the House of Lords in OSG

245

(6)

11.2.1 Inducing breach of contract

247

(2)

11.2.2 Causing loss by unlawful means

249

(2)

11.3 [ The former tort of) intimidation - now covered by causing loss by unlawful means

251

(1)

11.4 Conspiracy

252

(5)

11.4.1 Lawful means conspiracy Cor simple conspiracy)

252

(1)

11.4.2 Unlawful means conspiracy

253

(4)

11.5
Chapter summary

257

(3)

Further reading

257

(1)

Roadmaps

258

(2)

12 International Torts Against the person

260

(36)

12.1 Introduction

261

(1)

12.2 Comparing the torts

262

(3)

12.3 Assault

265

(3)

12.3.1 Intentional threat

265

(1)

12.3.2 Immediate and direct violence

266

(1)

12.3.3 Reasonable expectation by claimant

267

(1)

12.4 Battery

268

(4)

12.4.1 Intention

268

(1)

12.4.2 Direct and immediate force

268

(2)

12.4.3 Without consent

270

(1)

12.4.4 Hostility?

270

(2)

12.5 False Imprisonment

272

(6)

12.5.1 Confinement

272

(2)

12.5.2 Awareness

274

(1)

12.5.3 False imprisonment within the prison system

275

(3)

12.6 Defences

278

(5)

12.6.1 Consent

278

(1)

12.6.2 Necessity

279

(2)

12.6.3 Self-defence (including defence of others)

281

(1)

12.6.4 Contributory negligence

282

(1)

12.6.5 Lawful arrest and detention/lawful authority

282

(1)

12.7 Additional intentional torts against the person

283

(11)

12.7.1 The tort in Wilkinson v Downton

284

(3)

12.7.2 Protection from Harassment Act 1997

287

(5)

12.7.3 Malicious prosecution

292

(2)

12.8
Chapter summary

294

(2)

Further reading

294

(1)

Roadmap

295

(1)

PART 4 DEFAMATION AND PRIVACY

296

(77)

13 Defamation

297

(41)

13.1 Introduction

298

(1)

13.2 Defamation structure

299

(1)

13.2.1 Was the publication defamatory?

300

(1)

13.2.2 Is the publication defensible?

300

(1)

13.2.3 What damages should be awa rded7

300

(1)

13.3 Initial issues to consider

300

(9)

13.3.1 Legislative reform

301

(1)

13.3.2 Libel and slander

302

(2)

13.3.3 Who can sue7

304

(5)

13.4 Elements of defamation

309

(10)

13.4.1 Was the publication defamatory?

309

(7)

13.4.2 The statement referred to the claimant

316

(1)

13.4.3 The statement was published to a third party

317

(2)

13.5 Defences

319

(10)

13.5.1 Truth

320

(1)

13.5.2 Honest opinion

321

(2)

13.5.3 Privilege and public interest

323

(4)

13.5.4 Operators of websites

327

(1)

13.5.5 Consent

328

(1)

13.6 Remedies

329

(1)

13.6.1 Damages

329

(1)

13.6.2 Other remedies

330

(1)

13.7 Challenges

330

(5)

13.7.1 Human rights and defamation

331

(1)

13.7.2 Defamation and social media

332

(1)

13.7.3 Society's views and defamation

333

(2)

13.8
Chapter summary

335

(3)

Further reading

335

(1)

Roadmap

336

(2)

14 Privacy

338

(35)

14.1 Introduction

339

(1)

14.2 Current protection of privacy

340

(8)

14.2.1 Common law protection of privacy

340

(4)

14.2.2 Government regulation of privacy rights

344

(4)

14.3 Breach of confidence

348

(15)

14.3.1 Breach of confidence or `misuse of private information'?

350

(1)

14.3.2 Reasonable expectation of privacy

351

(6)

14.3.3 Unauthorised use

357

(3)

14.3.4 Remedies

360

(2)

14.3.5 Breach of confidence: concluding remarks

362

(1)

14.4 A freestanding privacy tort?

363

(6)

14.5 Privacy protection in the 21st century

369

(1)

14.6
Chapter summary

370

(3)

Further reading

371

(1)

Roadmap

372

(1)

PART 5 GENERAL MATTERS

373

(72)

15 Vicarious Liability

374

(17)

15.1 Introduction

375

(1)

15.2 The development of the principle

375

(1)

15.3 Relationships of employment

376

(9)

15.3.1 The relationship

377

(4)

15.3.2 The connection

381

(4)

15.4 Non-delegable duties

385

(3)

15.5
Chapter summary

388

(3)

Further reading

389

(1)

Roadmap

390

(1)

16 Defences

391

(30)

16.1 Introduction

392

(1)

16.2 What is a defence7

393

(1)

16.3 Contributory negligence

394

(8)

16.3.1 Historical approach to contributory negligence

394

(3)

16.3.2 Elements of contributory negligence

397

(4)

16.3.3 Contributory negligence: concluding remarks

401

(1)

16.4 Volenti non fit injuria

402

(7)

16.4.1 Volenti and consent

403

(1)

16.4.2 Elements of volenti

403

(5)

16.4.3 Volenti: concluding remarks

408

(1)

16.5 Illegality

409

(9)

16.5.1 Rationale of illegality

409

(1)

16.5.2 Elements of illegality

410

(8)

16.5.3 Illegality: concluding remarks

418

(1)

16.6
Chapter summary

418

(3)

Further reading

419

(1)

Roadmap

420

(1)

17 Damages

421

(24)

17.1 Introduction

422

(1)

17.2 Purpose of damages in tort law

423

(3)

17.3 Property damage

426

(1)

17.4 Persona I injury

427

(3)

17.4.1 Pecuniary losses

427

(3)

17.4.2 Non-pecuniary losses

430

(1)

17.5 Compensating benefits

430

(2)

17.6 Actions after death

432

(3)

17.6.1 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934

432

(1)

17.6.2 Fatal Accidents Act 1976

433

(2)

17.7 Time limitations on tort law claims

435

(4)

17.8 How damages can be awarded

439

(3)

17.9 Contribution and apportionment

442

(1)

17.10
Chapter summary

443

(2)

Further reading

444

(1)

Index

445

Sarah Green is the Law Commissioner for Commercial and Common Law at the Law Commission of England and Wales. Prior to that, she was Professor of Private Law at the University of Bristol, Professor of the Law of Obligations at the University of Oxford and a lecturer at the University of Birmingham. She has written two books about specific elements of tort law, and has also published on a variety of other topics including virtual currencies, blockchain issues surrounding intermediated securities, smart contracts, sale of goods law as applicable to digitised assets, and wage theft.

Jodi Gardner is a University Lecturer in Private Law at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of St Johns College. She is also a Senior Adjunct Research Fellow at the Centre for Banking & Finance Law, National University of Singapore. Jodis research is primarily focused on the intersection between private law and social policy. She is written on a variety of different topics in this area including the regulation of high-cost credit contracts, the impact of austerity measures, the effect of open banking on financial exclusion, online auctions, and concurrent liability in tort and contract.

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