Introduction |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 An Overview of the Tourism World |
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1 | (42) |
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1.1 Presentation of data and criticisms |
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2 | (4) |
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1.1.1 Development of statistics |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Limitations induced by these sources |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (9) |
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7 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Paradigms in action: wealth of nations, distance and otherness |
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9 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Toward a multipolar world |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.3 Touristic mobility: tourists conquering the World |
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15 | (7) |
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1.3.1 Places, a social construction |
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16 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Diversity of biophysical worlds |
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18 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Variety of human constructs |
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19 | (2) |
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1.3.4 Attendance modalities |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.4 Constraints on the movement of tourists opposed by the worlds |
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22 | (12) |
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1.4.1 Combination between the unequal wealth of nations and distance |
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22 | (3) |
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1.4.2 The heterogeneity of the world |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (4) |
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1.4.4 Health and biophysical risks |
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30 | (2) |
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1.4.5 Risks of everyday life: accident situations |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (4) |
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1.5.1 By means of globalization |
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35 | (1) |
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1.5.2 By means of mediation |
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36 | (1) |
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1.5.3 By means of the mobilization of skills |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (4) |
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1.6.1 Method based on the analysis of tour operators' catalogs |
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39 | (1) |
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1.6.2 A method not free of bias |
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40 | (1) |
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1.6.3 A method with many limitations |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (24) |
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2.1 A continent with a high level of touristicity |
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43 | (3) |
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2.1.1 A population that is not very dense but with a high departure rate |
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43 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Hierarchy of States |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2 Touristicity of the places |
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46 | (10) |
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2.2.1 To the east, the cities are dominant |
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46 | (4) |
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2.2.2 To the west, natural parks: a level playing field with cities |
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50 | (2) |
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2.2.3 A confidential space for indigenous nations |
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52 | (1) |
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2.2.4 A typology of tourist places |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (5) |
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2.3.1 European society practices |
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56 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Practices of new North American societies |
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59 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Practices of new tourism societies |
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59 | (1) |
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2.3.4 World connectiveness of North American places |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (5) |
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Chapter 3 Central America |
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67 | (22) |
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3.1 Southern part of the North American tourism area |
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67 | (6) |
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3.1.1 A politically fragmented region |
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67 | (2) |
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3.1.2 "A continent in the grip of violence" |
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69 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Tourist hierarchy of States |
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69 | (4) |
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3.2 Touristicity of places |
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73 | (8) |
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73 | (2) |
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3.2.2 A region also dedicated to discovery |
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75 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Costa Rica, a special case |
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77 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Typology of tourist places |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (3) |
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3.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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81 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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82 | (1) |
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3.3.3 World connectiveness |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (26) |
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4.1 Overall, not very touristy |
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89 | (5) |
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4.1.1 Far from the center and a sparsely populated continent |
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89 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Hierarchy of States |
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92 | (2) |
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4.2 Touristicity of places |
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94 | (10) |
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94 | (1) |
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4.2.2 The Andes and the southern cone |
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95 | (4) |
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4.2.3 Tourist suburbs of the continent |
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99 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Typology of tourist places |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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104 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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106 | (1) |
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4.3.3 World connectiveness of South America's tourist attractions |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (7) |
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Chapter 5 Central and Northern Europe |
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115 | (20) |
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5.1 Northern margin of a very touristic continent |
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115 | (2) |
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5.1.1 World Region, the birth of tourism |
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115 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Hierarchy of States |
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116 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Three models of tourist space |
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117 | (1) |
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5.2 Touristicity of places |
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117 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Large cities, the main object of discovery |
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118 | (4) |
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122 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Typology of tourist places |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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125 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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127 | (1) |
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5.3.3 World connectiveness of tourist places in Central and Northern Europe |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 The Mediterranean Basin |
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135 | (32) |
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6.1 One of the three most touristic areas in the World |
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135 | (9) |
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6.1.1 The first tourist destination in the World |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (4) |
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6.1.3 Consensual state hierarchy |
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140 | (2) |
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6.1.4 The case of France, the World's leading tourist destination |
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142 | (2) |
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6.2 Touristicity of places |
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144 | (9) |
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6.2.1 Discovery, a dominant practice |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Practices of non-Europeans in France: essentially discovery |
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149 | (2) |
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6.2.5 Typology of tourist places |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies in Northern Europe |
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153 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Practices of former tourism societies in Southern Europe and the United States |
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156 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Practices of new tourism societies |
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156 | (2) |
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6.3.4 France to non-resident tourists |
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158 | (1) |
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6.3.5 World connectiveness |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (6) |
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Chapter 7 Sub-Saharan Africa |
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167 | (28) |
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7.1 A continent still poorly integrated into the world tourism area |
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167 | (2) |
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7.1.1 A continent on the fringes |
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168 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Strong opposition in favor of the States of the Southeast of the continent |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2 Touristicity of places |
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169 | (12) |
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170 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Places and practices, safaris on the continent |
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170 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Resting on the beaches |
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171 | (4) |
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7.2.4 Search for diversification |
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175 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Special case: the Republic of South Africa |
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176 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Typology of tourist places |
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177 | (4) |
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181 | (5) |
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7.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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181 | (3) |
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7.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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184 | (1) |
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7.3.3 World connectiveness of sub-Saharan African places |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (8) |
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195 | (24) |
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8.1 A mosaic of tourist attractions |
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196 | (4) |
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8.1.1 Region marked by high tensions |
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197 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Maintaining a regular flow |
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198 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Arabian Peninsula, renewal of contrasts |
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198 | (2) |
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8.2 Touristicity of places |
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200 | (11) |
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8.2.1 Dubai and Abu Dhabi, all-purpose metropolises: Oman, a more sensible tourist destination |
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200 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Discovery of India organized in two tourism areas |
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201 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Combinations bringing together dominant discovery with secondary rest and play practices |
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204 | (5) |
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8.2.4 Typology of tourist places |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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211 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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211 | (1) |
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8.3.3 World connectiveness |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (5) |
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219 | (20) |
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9.1 Two-step tourism implementation |
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220 | (8) |
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9.1.1 Cultural and landscape mosaic |
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221 | (2) |
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9.1.2 Tourism invigorated by China's entry onto the scene |
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223 | (3) |
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9.1.3 Thailand, a key destination |
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226 | (2) |
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9.2 Touristicity of places |
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228 | (3) |
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9.2.1 Regional tourist frames |
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228 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Rest and discovery in competition |
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228 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Typology of tourist places |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (4) |
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9.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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231 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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232 | (1) |
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9.3.3 World connectiveness of Southeast Asia's tourist places |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Northeast Asia |
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239 | (22) |
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10.1 Recent entry on the world tourist scene, a spectacular breakthrough |
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239 | (3) |
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10.1.1 Access to progressive and State-controlled tourism |
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240 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Two advantages and one disadvantage |
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241 | (1) |
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10.1.3 Tourist hierarchy of States |
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242 | (1) |
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10.2 Touristicity of places |
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242 | (6) |
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10.2.1 A region of discovery |
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243 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Cruises and few stays |
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245 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Typology of tourist places |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (7) |
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10.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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248 | (3) |
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10.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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251 | (3) |
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10.3.3 World connectiveness |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (5) |
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Chapter 11 Oceania and the Pacific Islands |
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261 | (20) |
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11.1 A fantasy region but one that is poorly visited |
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261 | (3) |
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11.1.1 Disadvantages affecting globalized tourism |
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261 | (2) |
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11.1.2 Hierarchy of States |
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263 | (1) |
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11.2 Touristicity of the places |
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264 | (8) |
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11.2.1 Discovery in the two largest islands: Australia and New Zealand |
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265 | (3) |
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11.2.2 Rest in the smallest islands |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Typology of places |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (4) |
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11.3.1 Practices of former tourism societies |
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273 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Practices of new tourism societies |
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273 | (1) |
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11.3.3 World connectiveness of places in the Oceania-Pacific region |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (5) |
Conclusion |
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281 | (8) |
References |
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289 | (12) |
Index |
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301 | |