This book is a contribution to the research community towards thinking and reflecting on what Responsible Machine Translation really means. It was conceived as an open dialogue across disciplines, from philosophy to law, with the ultimate goal of providing a wide spectrum of topics to reflect on. It covers aspects related to the development of Machine translation systems, as well as its use in different scenarios, and the societal impact that it may have. This text appeals to students and researchers in linguistics, translation, natural language processing, philosophy, and law as well as professionals working in these fields.
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1. Introduction.- Part I: Responsible Machine Translation: Ethical, Philosophical and Legal Aspects.
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2. Prolegomenon to Contemporary Ethics of Machine Translation.
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3. The Ethics of Machine Translation.
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4. Licensing and Usage Rights of Language Data in Machine Translation.
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5. Authorship and Rights Ownership in the Machine Translation Era.- Part II: Responsible Machine Translation from the End-User Perspective.
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6. The Ethics of Machine Translation Post-editing in the Translation Ecosystem.
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7. Ethics and Machine Translation: The End User Perspective.
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8. Ethics, Automated Processes, Machine Translation, and Crises.- Part III: Responsible Machine Translation: Societal Impact.
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9. Gender and Age Bias in Commercial Machine Translation.
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10. The Ecological Footprint of Neural Machine Translation Systems.
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11. Treating Speech as Personable Identifiable Information -- Impact in Machine Translation.
Helena Moniz is the President of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT) and Vice President of the International Association for Machine Translation (IAMT). She is also the Vice-coordinator of the Human Language Technologies Lab at INESC-ID. Helena is an Assistant Professor at the School of Arts and Humanities at the University of Lisbon, where she teaches Computational Linguistics, Computer Assisted Translation, and Machine Translation Systems and Post-editing. She graduated in Modern Languages and Literature at School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon (FLUL), in 1998. She received a Masters degree in Linguistics at FLUL, in 2007, and a PhD in Linguistics at FLUL in cooperation with the Technical University of Lisbon (IST), in 2013. She has been working at INESC-ID/CLUL since 2000, in several national and international projects involving multidisciplinary teams of linguists and speech processing engineers. Within these fruitful collaborations, sheparticipated in 19 national and international projects. Since 2015, she is also the PI of a bilateral project with INESC-ID/Unbabel, a translation company combining AI + post-editing, working on scalable Linguistic Quality Assurance processes for crowdsourcing. She was responsible for the creation of the Linguistic Quality Assurance processes developed at Unbabel for Linguistic Annotation and Editors' Evaluation. She now is working mostly on research projects involving Linguistics, Translation, and AI.
Carla Parra Escartķn is Research Manager within the R&D department of RWS Language Weaver. She holds a M.A. in English Philology from the University of Zaragoza (Spain), a M.A. Degree in Translation and Interpreting, and a M.A. in Applied Linguistics, both from the Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona, Spain), and a PhD in Computational Linguistics from the University of Bergen (Norway). She has over ten years of research experience in linguistic infrastructures, human factors in machine translation and multiword expressions (MWEs). Throughout her career she has worked in various EU-funded projects and actions (LIRICS, CLARIN, FLaReNet, CLARA, PARSEME, DASISH, EXPERT, EDGE, INTERACT), as well as nationally-funded projects in Spain (TACOC, CLARIN-CAT) and Norway (CLARINO). During her research career she has produced over 60 scientific publications including book chapters, journal articles, conference papers and deliverables. She has been awarded three Marie Skodowska-Curie fellowships (one pre-doctoral and two post-doctoral) and has served as a reviewer for the most prestigious venues in Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, including ACL, EMNLP, WMT, EAMT, COLING and MT Summit. Between 2018 and 2020 she was a member of the Standing Committee of the SIGLEX-MWE, a special interest group focusing on research in MWEs. She is also a member of the Editorial Board of the Phraseology and the Multiword Expressions Series (LangSci Press).
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