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xv | |
| Preface |
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xxi | |
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1 | (34) |
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1 An introduction to clinical and forensic toxicology |
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3 | (4) |
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3 | (1) |
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Scope of clinical and forensic toxicology practice |
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4 | (1) |
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Analytical workflows in a toxicology laboratory |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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2 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics |
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7 | (12) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (5) |
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Toxicokinetics (and nonlinear pharmacokinetics) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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3 Laboratory methods in toxicology |
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19 | (8) |
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19 | (1) |
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Methods for general screening |
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19 | (5) |
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Methods for targeted analysis |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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4 Management of an overdose patient |
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27 | (8) |
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27 | (1) |
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Evaluation of overdosed patients |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (4) |
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Part II Overview and case studies |
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35 | (2) |
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5 Alcohols: volatiles and glycols |
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37 | (30) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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Specimen collection and the analysis of ethanol |
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39 | (5) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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5.1 Ethylene glycol toxicity |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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5.2 Falsely elevated ethylene glycol results in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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5.3 Recurrent inhalational methanol toxicity during pregnancy |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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5.4 A patient with high anion gap metabolic acidosis and increased serum osmolal gap |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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6 Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs |
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67 | (16) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, and treatment |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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6.1 Acetaminophen toxicity |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (2) |
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6.2 Massive ibuprofen ingestion in an adolescent treated with plasma exchange |
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79 | (1) |
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Judith Sebestyen VanSickle |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (16) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (3) |
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Pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, and treatment |
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89 | (4) |
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Analytical methods and clinical management implications |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (4) |
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8 Antipsychotics and antidepressants |
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99 | (22) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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Pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics and treatment |
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102 | (3) |
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Analytical methods for antipsychotics and antidepressants |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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8.1 Olanzapine toxicity in an infant |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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8.2 Genetic polymorphism leading to drug overdose fatality while in custody |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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8.3 A death involving flubromazepam and methadone |
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117 | (1) |
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C. Clinton Frazee Robert Pietak |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (20) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (2) |
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Analytical considerations |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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9.1 Free versus total phenytoin measurements--a case study of phenytoin toxicity |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (2) |
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9.2 A fatality involving massive overdose of gabapentin |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (2) |
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9.3 An oxcarbazepine overdose in a 23-month-old child |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (28) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Therapeutic drug monitoring |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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Pathway-targeted therapies |
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144 | (1) |
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Hormones and hormone regulators |
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145 | (1) |
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Discussion of methotrexate and the thiopurine analogs |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Analytical methods and clinical management implications |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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10.1 Case study--methotrexate toxicity, treatment, and measurement |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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10.2 Methotrexate toxicity--case study |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (1) |
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10.3 The importance of selecting an appropriate method for measuring methotrexate concentration after glucarpidase rescue: immunoassay or LC-MS/MS? |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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10.4 Different cross-reactivity profiles of methotrexate immunoassays and the clinical management of methotrexate treatment |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (26) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics |
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170 | (2) |
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Analytical methods for cannabinoids |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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11.1 A review of impaired drivers under the influence of 5F-ADB |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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11.2 Can cannabidiol use cause a false-positive tetrahydrocannabinol urine drug screen? |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
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11.3 Clobazam intoxication due to cannabidiol consumption |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (2) |
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11.4 Phencyclidine and marijuana exposure in utero |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (14) |
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195 | (1) |
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Lifestyle and genetic triggers |
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196 | (1) |
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Drug-induced cardiotoxicity |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Chemotherapy associated myocardial toxicity |
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197 | (2) |
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Cardiotoxicity associated with noncancer therapeutic drugs |
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199 | (1) |
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Cardiotoxicity associated with drugs of abuse |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of cardiac drugs |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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12.1 Use of therapeutic plasma exchange to enhance propafenone elimination following intentional drug overdose |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (3) |
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13 CNS depressants: benzodiazepines and barbiturates |
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209 | (18) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Analytical methods and clinical-management implications |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (4) |
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13.1 False-negative results in urine benzodiazepine immunoassay screening |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (2) |
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13.2 A suicide involving Zolpidem |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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14 Central nervous system stimulants |
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227 | (42) |
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227 | (8) |
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235 | (4) |
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14.1 Caffeine: massive accidental caffeine overdose treated with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (2) |
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14.2 Delayed presentation and conservative management of an intraarterial injection of crushed amphetamine/dextroamphetamine salts |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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14.3 Now you see it, now you don't: ecstasy or not? |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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14.4 What is in the cocaine? The vessels never lie--cocaine-induced vasculitis |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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14.5 Polysubstance abuse and rhabdomyolysis |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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14.6 Unexpected finding of amphetamine and methamphetamine in a patient on monoamine oxidase inhibitor |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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14.7 A death due to acute nicotine intoxication |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (2) |
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14.8 Cocaethylene--ethanol adding fuel to cocaine's fire |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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14.9 A fatality caused by acute methamphetamine intoxication due to intravaginal absorption |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (26) |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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15.1 A death involving extremely high levels of 3,4-methyIene dioxymethamphetamine |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (2) |
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15.2 Rhabdomyolysis associated with laboratory-confirmed FUB-AMB use |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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15.3 Clinical and pathological findings in fatal cases involving the ingestion of methylone |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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15.4 A death involving a "bath salt" methylenedioxypyrovalerone and tramadol |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (2) |
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15.5 Clonazolam abuse: a report of two cases |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (2) |
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16 Hallucinogens--psychedelics and dissociative drugs |
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295 | (22) |
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295 | (4) |
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Toxicokinetics and clinical management of overdose |
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299 | (1) |
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Analysis of psychedelics, dissociatives, and other hallucinogens |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (4) |
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16.1 Ketamine--a review of published cases |
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305 | (1) |
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Clinical cases description |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (3) |
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16.2 Tryptamine trauma: N,N - dipropyltryptamine - associated trauma and rhabdomyolysis |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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16.3 Case reports involving the use of lysergic acid diethylamide |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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17 Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants |
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317 | (16) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (7) |
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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (5) |
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331 | (2) |
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333 | (26) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics |
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334 | (1) |
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Opioid use disorder and treatment |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (2) |
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Commonly encountered opioids |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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18.1 Heroin or not: a case for timing of specimen collection |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (2) |
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18.2 A death involving fentanyl-lacedpills |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (2) |
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18.3 Opioid metabolism: impact of concomitant medications and genetic variations on the interpretation of drug tests |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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18.4 Emergence and sudden disappearance of pink: U-47700 in southeast Michigan |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (3) |
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358 | (1) |
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19 Toxic herbals and plants in the United States |
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359 | (28) |
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359 | (1) |
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Popularity and safety of herbal supplements |
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359 | (1) |
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Toxic herbal supplements: an overview |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (3) |
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363 | (2) |
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Herbs with nephrotoxicity |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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19.1 Toxicity due to kava tea consumption in conjunction with alcohol and multiple antidepressants |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (3) |
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372 | (1) |
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19.2 Kratom, a novel herbal opioid in a patient with benzodiazepine use disorder |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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Kratom analysis in a toxicology laboratory |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (3) |
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19.3 Accidental death involving psilocin from ingesting "magic mushroom" |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (3) |
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382 | (1) |
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19.4 A US Army Captain faced discipline after cocaine positive test from coca tea consumption |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (50) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (3) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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20.1 Evaluation of toxicity following ammonia exposure: a case report |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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399 | (2) |
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20.2 Two fatalities involving 1,1-difluoroethane |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (2) |
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20.3 A case of difluoroethane toxicity--sudden sniffing death syndrome |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (2) |
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407 | (2) |
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20.4 Carbon monoxide poisoning |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (2) |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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Analytical methods and clinical management implications |
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416 | (2) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (3) |
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21.1 Toxicity of heavy metals--case study |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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Findings from therapeutic exposures |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (2) |
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21.2 Lithium toxicity--case study |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (2) |
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21.3 Mercury poisoning from a high seafood diet: a case report |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
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21.4 Trust your gut: a case of persistent gastrointestinal disturbances |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (12) |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (3) |
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440 | (5) |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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446 | (3) |
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23 Case Studies on Other Drugs |
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449 | (56) |
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23.1 Naloxone-responsive respiratory depression in a patient with a negative urine drug screen |
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451 | (1) |
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Nicola J. Rutherford-Parker |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (2) |
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453 | (2) |
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23.2 Assessing medication compliance in palliative care: what methodology should be utilized? |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (2) |
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23.3 A case of suicide involving diphenhydramine |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (4) |
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463 | (2) |
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23.4 Tizanidine intoxication in a postmortem case |
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465 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (2) |
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23.5 Methemoglobinemia due to dietary nitrate |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (2) |
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471 | (1) |
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471 | (2) |
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23.6 Cyanide toxicity--a case study |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (3) |
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Signs and symptoms of toxicity |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (3) |
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23.7 A case of unknown pill ingestion -- bupropion toxicity |
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481 | (1) |
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481 | (1) |
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481 | (2) |
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483 | (2) |
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23.8 Laboratory confirmed massive donepezil ingestion |
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485 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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486 | (1) |
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486 | (3) |
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23.9 Missing oxycodone metabolites confirm suspected drug diversion |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (2) |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (2) |
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23.10 Cocaine, is it really there? Differing sensitivities of immunoassay drug screen and mass spectrometry |
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493 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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493 | (2) |
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495 | (2) |
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23.11 False-positive levorphanol (opioid) due to dextromethorphan on urine drug screen by time-of-flight MS |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (2) |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (2) |
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23.12 Comparison of methamphetamine detection in urine and oral fluid |
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501 | (1) |
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501 | (1) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (3) |
| Index |
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505 | |
