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E-grāmata: Transit of Venus Enterprise in Victorian Britain

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In the nineteenth century, the British Government spent money measuring the distance between the earth and the sun using observations of the transit of Venus. This book presents a narrative of the two Victorian transit programmes. It draws out their cultural significance and explores the nature of "big science" in late-Victorian Britain.

Recenzijas

'makes for a fascinating cultural history of a Victorian scientific expedition that yields valuable insights into Victorian scientific practice.' Isis 'remarkably informed, insightful, and accessible' Technology and Culture 'an engaging and provocative contribution' Victorian Studies 'This well-researched volume, which includes 25 pages of notes, judicious use of archives, and an excellent bibliography, takes its place in the considerable literature generated by the last transit.' Journal for the History of Astronomy 'Highly recommended' CHOICE

Acknowledgements vii
List of Illustrations
ix
Introduction 1(5)
Summary of the
Chapters
6(141)
The Precedent: Transit of Venus Expeditions in 1761 and 1769
9(12)
The Historical Precedent
13(8)
Big Science in Britain c. 1815-70
21(14)
The Magnetic Crusades: The Bigger Science Between the Two Tranists
22(3)
Admiralty Science and the Reform Movement
25(4)
Airy's Greenwich and its Place in the Histroriography
29(6)
Noble Science, Noble Nation: The Establishment of Transit Programmes in Britain and Abroad
35(22)
Edward Stone, the Black Drop Effect and the Transit of Mercury in 1868
37(4)
The Transit Proposal in Parliament
41(4)
The International Picture: Transit Programmes Abroad
45(1)
Situating the Observation Stations
46(3)
Britain's Scientific Honour, the Press and the Airy-Proctor Debate
49(8)
Inside Greenwhich: The Preparations for 1874
57(32)
Warren De La Rue and the Photographic Plan
60(6)
Precision Astronomical Photography inthe Wet-Plate Era
66(8)
Programme Design as a National Product
74(3)
The Telescopic Plan: Modelling the Transit of Venus
77(3)
Artificial Black Drop Experiments
80(2)
Training the Observers
82(2)
Model Training versus Personal Equation Measures
84(2)
The International Melee
86(3)
The Expeditions
89(30)
Establishing the Observation Stations: The Case of Cairo
94(5)
Environment, Local Time and Latitude: Work Routines at the Stations
99(3)
Longitude Experiments
102(2)
Lindsay and Gills' Chronometric Trials
104(1)
Browne's Experiment in Submarine Telegraphy
105(3)
The Day of the Transit: 8-9 December 1874
108(3)
The Transit of Venus Observed in Cairo
111(3)
Worldwide Spectacle: The Day of the Transit in the Press
114(5)
The Outcome
119(28)
Airy's International Proposal for Reducing the Observations
121(3)
Calculating Parallax in 1874 versus 1769
124(1)
The Plan to Measure the Photographs
125(3)
The Mist of Words
128(2)
Financial Crisis
130(3)
`Casting' Phases and `Doctoring' Results
133(5)
Deciding that Photography had Failed
138(2)
The Official Publication and the Retirement of the Astronomer Royal
140(3)
Outcomes and Results Beyond Greenwich
143(4)
Conclusion
147(6)
Measurement in Late Victorian Science
147(3)
National Science, Growth and Progress
150(3)
Epilogue: The Transit of 1882
153(20)
Change of Leadership and Loss of Resources
155(3)
The Question of International Cooperation
158(1)
The New Instructions to Observers
159(3)
The Longitude Work and the Loss of Admiralty Patronage
162(2)
The Expeditions
164(2)
The Outcome
166(2)
The Transit Enterprise, International Cooperation and Precision Astronomical Photography
168(5)
Notes 173(24)
Works Cited 197(16)
Index 213
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