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Translation and the Spanish Empire in the Americas [Hardback]

Roberto A. Valdeón (Universidad de Oviedo/University of Massachusetts Amherst)

Formāts: Hardback, 272 pages, weight: 650 g
Sērija : Benjamins Translation Library 113
Izdošanas datums: 14-Nov-2014
Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
ISBN-10: 9027258538
ISBN-13: 9789027258533

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Translation & interpretation - (Noliktavā: 3 punkts)

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Formāts: Hardback, 272 pages, weight: 650 g
Sērija : Benjamins Translation Library 113
Izdošanas datums: 14-Nov-2014
Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
ISBN-10: 9027258538
ISBN-13: 9789027258533

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Translation & interpretation - (Noliktavā: 3 punkts)

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789027258533.html

Keywords:

Two are the starting points of this book. On the one hand, the use of Dońa Marina/La Malinche as a symbol of the violation of the Americas by the Spanish conquerors as well as a metaphor of her treason to the Mexican people. On the other, the role of the translations of Bartolomé de las Casass Brevķsima relación de la destrucción de las Indias in the creation and expansion of the Spanish Black Legend. The author aims to go beyond them by considering the role of translators and interpreters during the early colonial period in Spanish America and by looking at the translations of the Spanish chronicles as instrumental in the promotion of other European empires. The book discusses literary, religious and administrative documents and engages in a dialogue with other disciplines that can provide a more nuanced view of the role of translation, and of the mediators, during the controversial encounter/clash between Europeans and Amerindians.

Preface

Chapter 1 Language, translation and empire

(34)

1.1 Of empires, national rivalries and languages

(10)

1.1.1 The Black Legend

(3)

1.1.2 The Spanish struggle for justice

(4)

1.2 The benevolent conquest: Different and yet similar

(4)

1.2.1 Untranslated images of colonial violence

(2)

1.3 The narrative of the Indian as a good savage

(3)

1.4 The narrative of the Indians as a unified group

(1)

1.5 The role of religion in the conquest: Different and yet similar

(5)

1.5.1 Religious fanaticism: Similar and yet different

(1)

1.6 Conquest and language

(3)

1.7 The survival of anti-Spanish propaganda

(8)

Chapter 2 Conquerors and translators

(36)

2.1 The first Europeans and the first interpreters

(7)

2.1.1 Translation as violence

(1)

2.1.2 Translation and resistance

(1)

2.1.3 The many names of the linguistic intermediary

(2)

2.2 The Requerimiento

(7)

2.3 Conquerors and interpreters in Mesoamerica

(8)

2.3.1 Dona Marina/Malinche and the conquest of Mexico

(3)

2.3.2 Interpreting the meeting between Cortes and Moctezuma

(5)

2.4 Pizarro and the conquest of Peru

(8)

2.4.1 The encounter between Atahualpa and the Spanish

(4)

2.4.2 Felipillo's reputation as an interpreter

(3)

2.5 The salary of the interpreters

(6)

2.5.1 In Mesoamerica

(3)

2.5.2 In the Andes

(3)

Chapter 3 Translation and the administration of the colonies

(34)

3.1 The teaching of Spanish and of the lenguas generales

(6)

3.1.1 Alphabetic writing

(1)

3.1.2 The teaching and learning of the lenguas generales

(2)

3.1.3 The universities

(2)

3.2 Translation in the early colonial period

(2)

3.3 The status of the interpreters: Legal, economic and ethical issues

(4)

3.4 Translators in the judicial system

(2)

3.5 The use of native languages in official documents

(3)

3.6 The relaciones

(4)

3.6.1 The role of interpreter Gaspar Antonio Chi in Mesoamerica

(1)

3.6.2 The visitas of the Andes

(1)

3.7 The use of translation during Francisco de Toledo's rule as viceroy of Peru

(4)

3.7.1 Francisco de Toledo's visitas

(1)

3.7.2 Translation as violence

(2)

3.8 Translating the khipus

(3)

3.9 Linguistic mediation: From accommodation to resistance

100

(5)

Chapter 4 Evangelizing the natives

105

(48)

4.1 The arrival of European conquerors: Gold as God

109

(1)

4.2 The Inter Caetera bulls and the beginning of evangelization

109

(2)

4.3 Language and evangelization: The challenges of translation

111

(3)

4.4 The myth of the Spaniards as gods as a translation problem

114

(3)

4.5 The challenges of translation and communication

117

(3)

4.5.1 Memorization and other local practices as conversion techniques

118

(2)

4.6 The translation policies of the Catholic Church in the metropolis and beyond

120

(3)

4.6.1 Opposition to translation

121

(2)

4.7 Translation and evangelization in Mesoamerica

123

(7)

4.7.1 The teaching of Spanish

124

(1)

4.7.2 The learning of local languages

125

(1)

4.7.3 The impact of the regional councils upon language and translation policies

126

(2)

4.7.4 The impact of translation upon the normativization of Nahuatl

128

(2)

4.8 Translation and evangelization in the Andean region

130

(8)

4.8.1 The Lima councils

132

(3)

4.8.2 The standarization of native languages

135

(1)

4.8.3 Domingo de Santo Tomas

136

(1)

4.8.4 Printing

137

(1)

4.9 Translation, confession and fornication

138

(4)

4.10 The extirpation of idolatry campaigns or visitas

142

(5)

4.10.1 Extirpation of idolatries in the Andes

144

(1)

4.10.1.1 Visitador Cristobal de Albornoz and interpreter Guaman Poma

144

(1)

4.10.1.2 Visitador Francisco de Avila and interpreter Santacruz Pachacuti

145

(2)

4.11 The Marian cult as an example of hybridism

147

(3)

4.11.1 The Virgin of Guadalupe

147

(1)

4.11.2 The Marian cult in the Andes

148

(2)

4.12 Translation as resistance

150

(3)

Chapter 5 The chroniclers and the interpreters translated

153

(56)

5.1 The chronicles

153

(2)

5.1.1 The chroniclers and their readership

154

(1)

5.2 The chroniclers of Mesoamerica and the Caribbean

155

(27)

5.2.1 Christopher Columbus

155

(2)

5.2.2 Bartolome de las Casas

157

(6)

5.2.3 Hernan Cortes

163

(3)

5.2.4 Bernardino de Sahagun

166

(4)

5.2.5 Bernal Diaz del Castillo

170

(3)

5.2.6 Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo

173

(1)

5.2.7 Francisco Lopez de Gomara

174

(5)

5.2.8 Cabeza de Vaca

179

(3)

5.3 The chronicles of the Andean region

182

(13)

5.3.1 Pedro Pizarro

182

(1)

5.3.2 Pedro Cieza de Leons Cronica del Peru

183

(1)

5.3.2.1 The Stevens translation

184

(2)

5.3.2.2 The Markham translation

186

(2)

5.3.2.3 Twentieth-century translations

188

(1)

5.3.3 Juan de Betanzos

189

(3)

5.3.4 Jose de Acosta

192

(3)

5.4 Other texts

195

(8)

5.4.1 Peter Martyr

195

(1)

5.4.2 Ramon Pane

196

(1)

5.4.3 Francisco de Jerez

197

(1)

5.4.4 Agustin de Zarate

198

(1)

5.4.5 Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

199

(1)

5.4.6 Diego Duran

200

(1)

5.4.7 Toribio de Motolinia

201

(2)

5.5 The chronicles, translation and European expansion

203

(6)

5.5.1 The translation of science

205

(4)

Chapter 6 Native chroniclers and translation

209

(24)

6.1 Mesoamerica

209

(8)

6.1.1 Domingo Chimalpahin

209

(4)

6.1.2 Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl

213

(2)

6.1.3 Diego Munoz Camargo

215

(1)

6.1.4 The List of Rulers of Tlatelolco texts

216

(1)

6.2 The Andean region

217

(14)

6.2.1 Titu Cusi Yupanqui

217

(3)

6.2.2 Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala

220

(5)

6.2.3 Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

225

(5)

6.2.4 The khipus and the stories of the natives translated

230

(1)

6.3 Native translations of Spanish literature

231

(2)

Conclusions

233

(10)

References

243

(28)

Index

271

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