Foreword |
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xxi | |
Part I Introduction |
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3 | (10) |
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Part II Digital Filters And Transforms |
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2 A Review on Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters and Mismatch Compensation Techniques |
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13 | (52) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3 Sources of Mismatch Errors and Their Effects |
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18 | (9) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Frequency Response Mismatches |
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21 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Effect of the Mismatches in the frequency domain |
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22 | (5) |
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2.4 Mismatch Estimation and Compensation |
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27 | (24) |
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2.4.1 Identification and Correction of Offset Mismatch |
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28 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Identification and Correction of Gain Mismatch |
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31 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Identification and Correction of Timing Mismatch |
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33 | (1) |
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2.4.3.1 Correction of timing mismatch |
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34 | (1) |
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2.4.3.2 Identification of time skews |
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43 | (4) |
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2.4.4 Correction of Frequency Response Mismatch |
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47 | (4) |
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51 | (14) |
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3 How to Perform Very Wideband Digital Filtering in Modern Software Defined Radios |
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65 | (44) |
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66 | (5) |
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71 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Non-Maximally Decimated Filter Banks and Perfect Reconstruction Property |
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72 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Low-Pass Prototype Filter Design |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (3) |
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3.4 Practical Implementation of PR-NMDFBs |
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78 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Polyphase Analysis Channelizer |
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79 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Polyphase Synthesis Channelizer |
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83 | (2) |
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3.5 Spectral Shaping Approximation via Intermediate Processing Elements |
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85 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Piecewise Constant Spectral Approximation |
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87 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Straight Line Spectral Approximation |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (7) |
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3.6.1 Rectangular Low-Pass Prototype Filter Design |
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93 | (3) |
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3.6.2 Triangular Low-Pass Prototype Filter Design |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (6) |
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104 | (5) |
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4 A Survey of Digital All-Pass Filter-Based Real and Complex Adaptive Notch Filters |
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109 | (36) |
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109 | (1) |
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4.2 Evaluation of Four Adaptive Notch Filters |
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110 | (11) |
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4.2.1 Synthesising the Four Structures |
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112 | (1) |
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4.2.1.1 Chambers and Constantinides' NFB all-pass structure |
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113 | (1) |
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4.2.1.2 Regalia's all-pass solution |
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114 | (1) |
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4.2.1.3 Cho, Choi and Lee's all-pass method |
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114 | (1) |
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4.2.1.4 Kwan and Martin's DCS solution |
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115 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Tracking Two Real Sinusoid Signals |
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117 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Tracking Three Real Sinusoid Signals |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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4.3 Evaluating the Two Complex Adaptive Notch Filters |
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121 | (7) |
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122 | (1) |
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4.3.2 The Learning Algorithm |
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123 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Tracking Two Complex Sinusoid Signals |
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124 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Simulation Results and Comparison |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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4.4 Tracking a Complex-Valued Chirp Signal |
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128 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Convergence of the Update of the Frequency Parameters |
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128 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Comparison of Two Methods for Tracking a CVCS |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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4.5 Bandwidth Parameter Adaptation in a Complex Adaptive Notch Filter |
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132 | (9) |
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4.5.1 The Full Gradient Term for the Update of α |
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134 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Simulations and Results |
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135 | (1) |
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4.5.2.1 Tracking a single CSS whilst also updating α |
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136 | (1) |
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4.5.2.2 Tracking two CSSs, whilst adapting individual α values for each CSS being tracked |
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137 | (1) |
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4.5.2.3 Tracking a CVCS and a frequency hopping CSS |
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138 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Computational Complexity of the Algorithms used to Track CSSs |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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5 Recent Advances in Sparse FIR Filter Design Using to and Optimization Techniques |
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145 | (30) |
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5.1 Classical FIR Filter Designs |
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146 | (2) |
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5.2 Sparse FIR Filter Designs |
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148 | (22) |
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5.2.1 Hard Thresholding Method |
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152 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Minimum 1-Norm Method |
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153 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Successive Thinning Method |
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154 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Iterative Shrinkage/Thresholding (1ST) Method |
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155 | (5) |
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5.2.5 Joint Optimization of Coefficient Sparsity and Filter Order |
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160 | (10) |
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170 | (5) |
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6 Sparse Models in Echo Cancellation: When the Old Meets the New |
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175 | (26) |
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175 | (3) |
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6.2 Sparse Adaptive Filtering: The Proportionate Updating Approach |
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178 | (3) |
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6.3 Sparse Adaptive Filtering: Sparsity-Induced Regularization/Thresholding Approach |
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181 | (3) |
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6.4 Adaptive Sparsity Promotion: A Geometrical Point of View |
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184 | (1) |
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6.5 Sparse Adaptive Filtering: Set Theoretic Approach |
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185 | (6) |
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6.5.1 Adaptive Thresholding |
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189 | (2) |
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6.6 Robust Online Learning: The Double-Talk Scenario |
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191 | (2) |
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6.7 Experimental Validation |
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193 | (8) |
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7 Transform Domain Processing for Recent Signal and Video Applications |
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201 | (60) |
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202 | (2) |
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7.1.1 DSP Operation Basis: Cyclic Convolutions and Discrete Fourier Transforms |
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202 | (2) |
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7.1.2 Number Theoretic Transforms |
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204 | (1) |
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7.2 Theory of a General Transform |
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204 | (7) |
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7.2.1 Circular Convolution Property |
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205 | (6) |
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7.3 Transform in a Ring of Integers Modulo an Integer, M |
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211 | (6) |
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7.3.1 Mersenne Number and Fermat Number Transforms |
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213 | (4) |
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7.4 Very Fast Discrete Fourier Transform Using Number Theoretic Transform |
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217 | (4) |
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7.5 Discrete Cosine Transform |
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221 | (10) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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7.6 Integer Cosine Transform |
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231 | (8) |
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231 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Orthogonal Requirement for Length-4 DCT |
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233 | (2) |
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7.6.3 New Integer Cosine Kernels |
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235 | (4) |
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7.7 Application to Interpolation and Super-Resolution Videos/Images |
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239 | (9) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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7.7.3 Video Up-Sampling with the Transform Domain |
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240 | (8) |
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248 | (13) |
Part III Signal Processing |
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8 Ramanujan-Sums and the Representation of Periodic Sequences |
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261 | (26) |
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261 | (3) |
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263 | (1) |
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8.2 Periodic Signals and DFT |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (4) |
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270 | (3) |
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8.4.1 Properties of Ramanujan subspaces |
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272 | (1) |
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8.5 A Second Ramanujan Sum Basis Using Subspaces Sqi |
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273 | (4) |
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8.5.1 Properties of the Representation |
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274 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Finding Period Using Decomposition |
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275 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Justification of the Representation |
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276 | (1) |
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8.6 Examples of Use of Ramanujan Representations |
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277 | (3) |
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8.7 Dictionary Approaches |
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280 | (3) |
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283 | (4) |
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9 High-Dimensional Kernel Regression: A Guide for Practitioners |
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287 | (24) |
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287 | (2) |
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9.2 Background on Kernel Estimation |
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289 | (5) |
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9.2.1 Support Vector Regression |
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289 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Sparsification Criteria |
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291 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Finding the Optimal Mixing Parameters: Ridge Regression and Least Mean Square |
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292 | (2) |
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9.3 Complex-Valued Kernels |
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294 | (4) |
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9.3.1 Complexification of Real-Valued Kernels |
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294 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Online Wind Prediction Using Complex-Valued Kernels |
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296 | (2) |
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9.4 Quaternion-Valued Kernels |
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298 | (4) |
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9.4.1 Quaternion Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces |
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299 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Body Motion Tracking Using Quaternion Kernels |
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300 | (2) |
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9.5 Vector-Valued Kernels |
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302 | (5) |
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9.5.1 A Vector-Valued Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space |
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303 | (2) |
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9.5.2 Nonlinear Function Approximation Using Multikernel Ridge Regression |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (4) |
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10 Linear Microphone Array TDE via Generalized Gaussian Distribution |
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311 | (22) |
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311 | (2) |
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10.2 System Model Description |
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313 | (5) |
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10.3 Information Theoretical Time Delay Estimation |
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318 | (4) |
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10.3.1 Mutual Information-Based TDE |
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318 | (4) |
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10.4 Employing Generalized Gaussian Distribution |
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322 | (6) |
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328 | (5) |
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11 Recognition of Human Faces under Different Degradation Conditions |
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333 | (24) |
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333 | (1) |
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11.2 Illumination Variation Challenge |
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334 | (9) |
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11.2.1 Illumination-Insensitive Image Processing |
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335 | (1) |
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11.2.1.1 Intensity-level transformation |
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335 | (1) |
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11.2.1.2 Gradient-based techniques |
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336 | (1) |
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11.2.1.3 Reflection component estimation |
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337 | (2) |
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11.2.2 Illumination-Invariant Image Descriptor |
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339 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Block-Based Illumination-Invariant Pattern Recognition |
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340 | (3) |
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11.3 Partial Occlusion Challenges |
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343 | (9) |
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11.3.1 Excluding Occluded Face Regions or Reducing Their Effect |
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345 | (7) |
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352 | (5) |
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12 Semantic Representation, Enrichment, and Retrieval of Audiovisual Film Content |
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357 | (50) |
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357 | (4) |
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12.2 Film Data Description |
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361 | (4) |
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361 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Scripts and Post-Production Scripts |
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362 | (3) |
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12.3 Knowledge-Based Representation of Data |
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365 | (12) |
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12.3.1 Semantic Technologies |
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365 | (4) |
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12.3.2 Overview of the Semantic Representation |
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369 | (2) |
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12.3.3 Film Ontologies and Metadata Representation |
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371 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Video Content Representation |
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372 | (1) |
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12.3.5 Script Representation |
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373 | (4) |
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377 | (8) |
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12.4.1 The Analysis Subsystem |
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377 | (1) |
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12.4.2 The Main Components |
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378 | (1) |
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12.4.2.1 Local visual characteristics and descriptors |
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378 | (1) |
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12.4.2.2 Quantization and codebook |
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379 | (1) |
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12.4.2.3 Visual matching and geometry |
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379 | (1) |
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12.4.3 The Visual Analysis Scheme |
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380 | (1) |
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12.4.3.1 Constructing visual dictionaries |
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381 | (1) |
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12.4.3.2 Geometry consistency checking |
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382 | (1) |
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12.4.3.3 Feature selection |
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383 | (1) |
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12.4.3.4 Geo-location exploitation |
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384 | (1) |
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12.4.3.5 Feature extraction |
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384 | (1) |
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12.5 Film Metadata and Content Enrichment |
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385 | (9) |
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385 | (3) |
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12.5.2 Named Entity Recognition |
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388 | (2) |
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12.5.3 Linking to WordNet |
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390 | (3) |
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12.5.4 Visual Analysis Results |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (6) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (4) |
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400 | (7) |
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13 Modeling the Structures of Complex Systems: Data Representations, Neural Learning, and Artificial Mind |
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407 | (28) |
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408 | (3) |
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13.2 Holistic Representation of Complex Data Structuresby Way of Graph Theoretic Methods |
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411 | (3) |
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13.2.1 Edge Detection of an Image |
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411 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Pruning the Dataset Used for Training Neural Networks |
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412 | (2) |
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13.3 Incremental Training Using a Probabilistic Neural Network |
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414 | (2) |
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13.3.1 A Pattern Correction Scheme Using a PNN |
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415 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Accommodation of New Classes within a PNN |
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416 | (1) |
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13.4 The Concept of Kernel Memory |
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416 | (7) |
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13.4.1 Simultaneous Pattern Classification and Association by Kernel Memory |
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420 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Temporal Data Processing by Way of Kernel Memory |
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421 | (1) |
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13.4.3 Application of Kernel Units for Detecting Sequential Patterns to Spoken Word Recognition |
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421 | (2) |
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13.5 Artificial Mind System: Toward Drawing a Blueprint of Artificial Intelligence |
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423 | (6) |
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13.5.1 A Hierarchical Network Model of Short-and Long Term Memory, Attention, and Intuition |
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424 | (2) |
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13.5.2 The Artificial Mind System |
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426 | (2) |
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13.5.3 Ongoing Research Activities Relevant to the Artificial Mind System |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (6) |
Part IV Communications |
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14 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Statistical Detection Methods for Communication Systems |
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435 | (26) |
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Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (1) |
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14.3 Iterative Multiuser/MIMO Receiver |
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437 | (2) |
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14.4 Monte Carlo Statistical Methods |
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439 | (3) |
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14.4.1 Monte Carlo Integration |
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439 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Importance Sampling |
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440 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Connection with LLR Computation |
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441 | (1) |
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14.4.4 MCMC Simulation and Gibbs Sampler |
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441 | (1) |
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14.4.5 Symbol-wise and Bit-wise Gibbs Samplers |
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442 | (1) |
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14.5 Implementation of Multiuser/MIMO Detector |
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442 | (6) |
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14.5.1 Monte Carlo Summations |
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443 | (1) |
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14.5.2 Computation of L-Values |
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444 | (2) |
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14.5.3 Statistical Inference |
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446 | (1) |
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14.5.4 Max-log Approximation |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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14.6 Implementation of MCMC Detector |
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448 | (13) |
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14.6.1 Reformulation of the Channel Model |
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449 | (1) |
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14.6.2 Bit-wise Gibbs Sampler |
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449 | (3) |
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14.6.3 L-Values Calculator |
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452 | (1) |
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14.6.4 Hardware Architectures |
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453 | (8) |
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15 Multiple Antennas for Physical Layer Secrecy |
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461 | (20) |
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15.1 Physical Layer Secrecy |
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461 | (2) |
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15.2 Secrecy Capacity Concept of the Wiretap Channel |
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463 | (2) |
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15.3 Secrecy Capacity of MIMO Wiretap Channels |
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465 | (16) |
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15.3.1 Conditions for Positive Secrecy Capacity Convexity, and Solution |
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466 | (2) |
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15.3.2 MISO Wiretap Channels |
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468 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Single-Antenna Eavesdropper |
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469 | (1) |
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15.3.4 Two-Antenna Transmitter |
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470 | (2) |
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15.3.5 HR HR - HE HE Has Exactly One Positive Eigenvalue |
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472 | (2) |
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15.3.6 Conditions for Optimality of Beamforming |
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474 | (2) |
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15.3.7 Algorithms for General Non-Convex Cases |
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476 | (5) |
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16 Radio Frequency Localization for IoT Applications |
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481 | (28) |
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16.1 Indoor Localization Challenges and Applications |
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481 | (2) |
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16.2 Basic Measurement-Based Methods |
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483 | (9) |
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16.2.1 Time-of-Flight Measuring Methods |
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485 | (4) |
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16.2.2 Received Signal Strength-Based Measurements |
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489 | (2) |
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16.2.3 Angle of Arrival-Based Measurements |
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491 | (1) |
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16.3 The Special Case of Wireless Sensor Networks |
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492 | (4) |
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16.4 Smart Antennas for WSN |
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496 | (9) |
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498 | (2) |
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500 | (5) |
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505 | (4) |
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17 Classification and Prediction Techniques for Localization in IEEE 802.11 Networks |
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509 | (26) |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (4) |
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17.2.1 Path-Loss and Log-Normal Shadowing |
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511 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Location Estimation: Fingerprinting |
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512 | (2) |
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514 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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515 | (5) |
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17.3.1 Simulated Data Generation |
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516 | (1) |
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17.3.2 Experimental Testbed |
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517 | (1) |
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17.3.3 Data Collection and Processing |
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518 | (1) |
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17.3.4 Classification Algorithms |
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518 | (1) |
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518 | (1) |
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17.3.4.2 Algorithms and their implementation |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (8) |
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17.4.1 Analysis on Simulated Data |
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520 | (1) |
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17.4.1.1 Analysis on the number of measurements per fingerprinted location used in the training phase |
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520 | (1) |
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17.4.1.2 Analysis on the number of measurements used to perform a single prediction |
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522 | (2) |
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17.4.2 Analysis on Real Data |
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524 | (1) |
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17.4.2.1 Analysis on the number of measurements per fingerprinted location used in the training phase |
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524 | (1) |
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17.4.2.2 Monitor subset analysis using confusion matrix |
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526 | (2) |
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528 | (7) |
Part V Finale |
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18 Our World Is Better Served by DSP Technologies and Their Innovative Solutions |
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535 | (32) |
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535 | (1) |
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18.2 DSP Offers Solutions to Societal Needs and Sets Technology Trends |
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536 | (2) |
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18.3 Area 1: Universal and Personalised Healthcare |
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538 | (5) |
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18.3.1 The Synergy of Engineering and I-Healthcare in Global Healthcare Innovation |
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540 | (1) |
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18.3.2 Big Data for I-Care Systems |
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540 | (1) |
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18.3.3 I-Training and Education |
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541 | (1) |
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18.3.4 Apply Omics Science to Clinical Applications |
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542 | (1) |
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18.4 Area 2: Internet of Data/Things/People in Communications |
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543 | (5) |
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18.4.1 DSP in ICT Industry |
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543 | (1) |
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18.4.2 Making the Digital Economy Smarter |
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544 | (1) |
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18.4.2.1 Fifth-Generation Mobile Networks and Systems |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
18.4.2.2 Internet of Things |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
18.4.2.3 Internet of Big Data and Cloud Computing |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
18.4.2.4 Internet of People and Online Gaming |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
18.5 Area 3: Smart City Applications and Sustainable Ecology |
|
|
548 | (6) |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
18.5.2 Modelling Some Smart Applications in Smart Cities in the USA and at Imperial College London |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
18.5.2.1 A Wireless Mesh Network to monitor Traffic |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
18.5.2.2 The All Traffic Solutions |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
18.5.2.3 A High-Performance Building Programme |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
18.5.2.4 At Imperial College London |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
18.6 Area 4: Green Technologies and Renewable Energy |
|
|
554 | (8) |
|
18.6.1 Multidisciplinary Teams at Imperial College London on Green |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
18.6.1.1 Wind Turbine Industry Analysis at the Business School |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
18.6.1.2 The Energy Futures Lab at the Engineering Faculty |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
18.6.2 Green Architecture in the UK |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
18.6.3 Green Mobility in the USA |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
18.6.4 Solar Farms and Solar Grids |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
18.6.4.1 Sahara Desert: The Source of Solar Energy |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
18.6.4.2 Manufacturing Solar Panels in China |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
18.6.5 Waste Water to Electricity Generation |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
18.7 A Path from R&D to Product and Service Releases for DSP |
|
|
562 | (5) |
Closing Remarks |
|
567 | (4) |
|
Index |
|
571 | |