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Turkish Grammar 2nd Revised edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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G. L. Lewis (Emeritus Professor of Turkish, University of Oxford)

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 328 pages, height x width x depth: 217x138x17 mm, weight: 423 g
Izdošanas datums: 09-Nov-2000
Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
ISBN-10: 0198700369
ISBN-13: 9780198700364

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Grammar & vocabulary - (Noliktavā: 8 punkts)

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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 328 pages, height x width x depth: 217x138x17 mm, weight: 423 g
Izdošanas datums: 09-Nov-2000
Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
ISBN-10: 0198700369
ISBN-13: 9780198700364

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Grammar & vocabulary - (Noliktavā: 8 punkts)

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780198700364.html

Keywords:

Since its appearance in 1967, Professor Lewis's Turkish Grammar has been the standard work on the language throughout the English-speaking world. This revised and fully updated new edition further reflects the results of the language reform movement which, though not so drastic in its effect on the spoken language, has made anything written before the early 1930s, and a lot since, increasingly obscure to subsequent generations. Incorporating much new material, it presents an authoritative, lucid, and engaging text, setting out every form and construction of pre- and post-reform Turkish that may be encountered in print, as well as colloquial usages. Reviews of the first edition:

'This is by far the most comprehensive Turkish grammar ever published in English [ Professor Lewis] guides the student through the delicate labyrinths of the language with sympathetic understanding and what is rare in the grammarian humour The typography and arrangement of the book are beyond all praise, and all in all the book is a most notable achievement.'

Royal Central Asian Journal

'[ The] thinnest chapters of a grammar are sometimes those on syntax; but in this book the discussions of modern Turkish syntax are the strongest sections, illustrated by lucid and penetrating analyses of sentence structure, with no skirting round difficulties or papering over of cracks This book will certainly be instructive and indeed enjoyable reading to every student of Turkish who has already made some progress in the language.'

SOAS Bulletin

'Professor Lewis displays both a mastery of Turkish grammar and an understanding of how that grammar can be best presented to English speakers. His style is clear and readable, his overall approach extremely practical.'

Middle East Journal

Recenzijas

While others have told the history of the language reform as well, it is Lewis' great merit that more than a third of his study is devoted to analyzing the 'ingredients' and 'concoctions' of this reform as he calls them. This he does both expertly and wittily, enlivening his scholarly discussion of how intellectuals and others employed various suffixes to coin new words while frequently bending the rules of linguistics. * Jacob M. Landau, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem *

Introduction

xix

Bibliography

xxiii

Abbreviations

xxiv

Orthography and Phonology

(22)

The alphabet

(1)

The apostrophe

(1)

The circumflex accent

(1)

Consonants; general observations

(1)

b, p

(1)

d, t, n

(1)

f, v

(1)

g, k

(1)

The glottal stop

(1)

Doubled consonants

(1)

Consonant-clusters and epenthetic vowels

(1)

Foreign diphthongs

(1)

Alternation of consonants

(1)

Consonant assimilation in suffixes

(1)

Vowels: general observations

(1)

Vowel length

(1)

Vowel harmony

(1)

Exceptions to the rules of vowel harmony

(1)

Vowel harmony in foreign borrowings

(1)

Vowel harmony of suffixes

(1)

Vowel harmony of suffixes with foreign borrowings

(2)

Alternation of vowels

(1)

Accentuation: general observations

(1)

Word-accent

(1)

Exceptions

(1)

Enclitic suffixes

(1)

Enclitic words

(1)

Group-accent

(1)

Intonation

(1)

The Noun

(27)

Gender

(1)

Number: the Turkish plural

(1)

Arabic plurals

(1)

Other plurals

(1)

The Arabic dual

(1)

The cases

(7)

Summary of case-endings

(1)

Uses of the cases

(1)

The absolute form

(1)

The accusative case

(1)

The genitive case

(1)

The dative case

(1)

The locative case

(1)

The ablative case

(1)

Personal suffixes

(2)

Personal suffixes followed by case-suffixes

(1)

The izafet group

(2)

Words indicating nationality

(1)

The izafet chain

(2)

Place-names consisting in an izafet group

(1)

Culinary terms without izafet

(1)

Third-person suffix with substantivizing and defining force

(1)

The Janus construction

(1)

Suffixes with izafet groups

(1)

The vocative use of the third-person suffix

(1)

Persian izafet

(2)

The Adjective

(4)

General observations

(1)

Attributive adjectives

(1)

The indefinite article

(1)

Comparison of adjectives

(1)

Arabic and Persian comparatives

(1)

Intensive adjectives

(2)

Noun and Adjective Suffixes

(10)

Diminutives

(1)

Diminutives of personal names

(1)

-(i)msi, -(i)mtrak, -si

(1)

-ce

(1)

-ci

(2)

-li

(1)

...-li ...-li

(1)

-siz

(1)

-lik

(2)

-das

(1)

-gil

(1)

-(s)el

(1)

-vari

(1)

-cil

(1)

-hane

(1)

-ane

(2)

Pronouns

(10)

Personal pronouns

(1)

Uses of the personal pronouns

(1)

-ki

(1)

kendi

(1)

Demonstratives

(1)

Interrogatives

(2)

Indefinite, determinative, and negative

(1)

bazl, kimi

(1)

birtakim

(1)

her

(1)

hep

(1)

cok

(1)

birkac

(1)

butun, tum

(1)

baska, diger

(1)

obur

(1)

birbir

(1)

ayni

(1)

sey

(1)

falan

(1)

insan

(1)

hic

(1)

kimse

(7)

Numerals

(1)

Cardinals

(1)

Classifiers

(1)

Fractions

(1)

Ordinals

(1)

Distributives

(1)

Collectives

(1)

Arithmetical terms

(1)

Dice and card numbers

(12)

Postpositions

(1)

General observations

(1)

Primary postpositions with absolute case

(1)

Primary postpositions with absolute or genitive case

(2)

Primary postpositions with dative case

(1)

Primary postpositions with ablative case

(1)

Secondary postpostions: I

(2)

Secondary postpositions: II

(1)

Secondary postpositions: III

(1)

leh, aleyh

(1)

The preposition ila

(2)

The Verb

(67)

The stem

(1)

The verb `to be'

(1)

The present tense of `to be'

(1)

Uses of -dir

(1)

Examples of the present tense of `to be'

(1)

Forms based on i-

(1)

The past tense of `to be'

(1)

The present conditional of `to be'

(1)

The past conditional of `to be'

(2)

The inferential

(1)

The inferential conditional

100

(1)

The negative of `to be'

100

(3)

Interrogative

103

(1)

Negative-interrogative

104

(1)

The regular verb

105

(1)

Present

106

(1)

Uses of the present

107

(1)

Paradigms of the present

107

(3)

The -mekte tense

110

(1)

Future

111

(1)

Uses of the future

111

(1)

Paradigms of the future

111

(3)

The -esi tense

114

(1)

Aorist

115

(1)

Uses of the aorist

116

(1)

Paradigms of the aorist

117

(5)

mis-past

122

(1)

Pluperfect

123

(1)

Other paradigms of the mis-past

124

(2)

Necessitative

126

(2)

di-past

128

(1)

Uses of the di-past

129

(1)

Other paradigms of the di-past

129

(2)

Conditional

131

(3)

Subjunctive

134

(1)

Uses of the subjunctive

135

(1)

Other paradigms of the subjunctive

136

Synopsis of the verb

138

(138)

Imperative

138

(3)

-sindi

141

(1)

-sin icin

141

(1)

-dir suffixed to finite verbs

142

(1)

-dir with a following verb

143

(1)

Summary of the forms of `to be'

143

(1)

var, yok

144

(2)

Extended stems

146

(1)

The reciprocal or co-operative verb

146

(1)

The causative verb

147

(1)

Doubly causative verbs

148

(1)

Syntax of the causative

149

(1)

The repetitive verb

150

(1)

The reflexive verb

151

(1)

The passive verb

152

(1)

Uses of the passive

152

(1)

The potential verb

153

(1)

The order of extensions

154

(2)

Auxiliary verbs

156

(4)

Participles

160

(8)

Present

160

(1)

Future

160

(2)

The -esi tense

162

(1)

Aorist

162

(1)

mis-past

163

(1)

di-past

164

(1)

The personal participles

165

(1)

-ecegi gel-

166

(1)

-esi gel-

166

(1)

-ecegi tut-

167

(1)

Periphrastic tenses and moods

167

(1)

Verbal Nouns

168

(7)

Introductory

168

(1)

-mek

168

(1)

The infinitive with subject

169

(1)

-mekli

170

(1)

Common nouns in -mek

170

(1)

-meklik

171

(1)

-me

171

(1)

Common nouns in -me

172

(1)

-meli

172

(1)

-masyon

173

(1)

-is

173

(1)

-mezlik, -memezlik

173

(2)

Gerunds

175

(18)

Introductory

175

(1)

-e

175

(2)

-erek

177

(1)

olarak

178

(1)

-ip

178

(2)

-ince

180

(1)

-inceye kadar, -inceyedek, -inceye degin

180

(1)

-ene kadar, -enedek, -ene degin

180

(1)

-esiye

181

(1)

-eli, -eli beri, -eliden beri, -dim -eli

181

(1)

oldum olasi(ya)

181

(1)

-meden, -mezden

182

(1)

-r -mez

182

(1)

-dikce

183

(1)

-digince

183

(1)

-diginde

183

(1)

-dikte

183

(1)

-dikten sonra

183

(1)

-dikten baska

184

(1)

-diginden baska

184

(1)

Gerund-equivalents

184

(1)

-digi muddetce/surece

185

(1)

-digi halde

185

(1)

-digi takdirde

186

(1)

-digi icin, -diginden

186

(1)

-digin nispette

186

(1)

-digi kadar

186

(1)

-digi gibi, -ecegi gibi

186

(1)

-ecegine, -ecek yerde

186

(1)

-mekle

187

(1)

-mektense, -mekten ise, -medense

187

(1)

-meksizin

188

(1)

Equivalents of `as if'

188

(1)

-mecesine

189

(1)

iken

189

(1)

Compound verbs

190

(3)

Adverbs

193

(12)

General observations

193

(1)

-ce

194

(1)

Nouns used adverbially

195

(1)

Foreign adverbs

195

(1)

Comparison of adverbs

196

(1)

bir

197

(1)

bir turlu

197

(1)

... bile, hatta ...

197

(1)

adeta

197

(1)

Adverbs of place

198

(1)

asiri

199

(1)

-re

199

(1)

Adverbs of time

200

(1)

Telling the time

201

(1)

ertesi

202

(1)

evvelsi, evvelki

202

(1)

evvel/once, sonra

202

(1)

simdi

202

(1)

artik, bundan boyle, gayri

202

(1)

daha

203

(1)

hemen

203

(1)

gene, yine

203

(1)

The verb `to be' in temporal expressions

203

(1)

derken

204

(1)

204

(1)

Conjunctions and Particles

205

(14)

205

(1)

205

(1)

ne ... ne(de) ...

206

(1)

gerek ... gerek(se) ...

207

(1)

ha ... ha ...

208

(1)

hem ... hem(de) ...

208

(1)

ister ... ister ...

208

(1)

... olsun ... olsun

208

(1)

ya ... ya ... veya ..., yahut, veyahut

208

(1)

ama, fakat, lakin, ne var ki

209

(1)

ancak, yalniz

209

(1)

mamafih, bununla beraber/birlikte, gelgelelim

209

(1)

madem(ki), degil mi (ki)

209

(1)

meger(se)

210

(1)

210

(3)

megerki

213

(1)

nitekim

213

(1)

halbuki, oysa(ki)

213

(1)

cunku, zira

213

(1)

demek

214

(1)

diger taraftan, ote yandan

214

(1)

gerci

214

(1)

guya, sozde

214

(1)

hani (ya)

215

(1)

hele

215

(1)

herhalde

215

(1)

ise

215

(1)

iste

216

(1)

sakin

216

(1)

sanki

216

(1)

soyle dursun

216

(1)

217

(1)

yok

217

(1)

yoksa

217

(2)

Word-formation

219

(18)

Deverbal substantives

219

(1)

-ici

219

(1)

-men

219

(1)

-ik

220

(1)

-i

220

(1)

-ti, -inti

220

(1)

-gi

221

(1)

-c

221

(1)

-ek, -k

222

(1)

-gen, -egen

222

(1)

-gin

223

(1)

-it, -t

223

(1)

-im

224

(1)

-m

224

(1)

-in

224

(1)

-gec, -gic

225

(1)

-tay

225

(1)

-ev, -v

225

(1)

-ey, -y

226

(1)

Denominal verbs

226

(1)

-e-

226

(1)

-le-

226

(1)

-len-

227

(1)

-let-

227

(1)

-les-

228

(1)

-el-, -l-

228

(1)

-er-

228

(1)

-se-

229

(1)

-imse-

229

(1)

-de-

230

(1)

Compound nouns and adjectives

230

(1)

Abbreviated nouns

231

(1)

Izafet groups

231

(1)

Frozen izafet groups

231

(1)

Surnames ending in -oglu

232

(1)

Adjective + noun

232

(1)

Noun + noun + -li

232

(1)

Adjective + noun + -li

232

(1)

Noun + adjective

232

(1)

Noun + third-person suffix + adjective

232

(1)

Noun + verb

233

(1)

Onomatopoeic word + verb

233

(1)

Verb + verb

233

(1)

Hyphenated compounds

233

(1)

Repetitions

233

(1)

Doublets

234

(1)

m-doublets

235

(2)

The Order of Elements in the Sentence

237

(5)

The principles of word-order

237

(1)

The inverted sentence; devrik cumle

238

(3)

The sentence-plus

241

(1)

Number, Case, and Apposition

242

(8)

Concordance of subject and verb

242

(1)

Singular and plural in izafet groups

242

(1)

Idiomatic uses of the plural

243

(1)

The accusative with bir

244

(1)

Two idiomatic uses of the dative case

244

(1)

The genitive as logical subject

245

(2)

Apposition

247

(3)

The Noun Clause and the Substantival Sentence

250

(5)

The verbal noun in -me and the personal participles

250

(2)

The substantival sentence

252

(1)

The substantival sentence as adjectival qualifier

252

(1)

The substantival sentence as qualifier in izafet

253

(1)

The sentence with case-endings

253

(2)

Adjectival Phrases and Participial Qualifiers

255

(5)

The basibozuk construction

255

(1)

Translation of English relative clauses

256

(2)

Two variant types of participial qualifier

258

(2)

The Subjunctive

260

(3)

Clauses of purpose

260

(1)

The subjunctive after a negative main verb

260

(1)

The subjunctive in noun clauses

261

(2)

Conditional Sentences

263

(6)

Open conditions

263

(1)

Alternatives to the conditional verb

263

(1)

Remote and unfulfilled conditions

264

(1)

Apodosis to an unexpressed protasis

264

(1)

Alternative protases

264

(1)

Concessive clauses

265

(1)

`Whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever'

265

(1)

eger, ayet

265

(1)

Conditional sense of the future personal participle

266

(1)

The conditional base

266

(1)

-sene, -senize

267

(1)

-se begenirsin?

267

(1)

olsa olsa

267

(1)

olsa gerek

268

(1)

Asyndetic subordination

269

(2)

Punctuation

271

(2)

Sentence-analysis

273

(7)

Further Examples

280

(9)

Index

289

Geoffrey Lewis, FBA 1979, has been Emeritus Professor of Turkish at the University of Oxford since 1986 and a Fellow of St Anthony's College since 1961 (now Emeritus). He was Oxford University Visiting Professor at Robert College Istanbul 195968, and has been a visiting professor at Princeton, UCLA, and the Royal College of Istanbul, and holds honorary doctorates of the University of Istanbul and the University of the Bosphorus. His books include the original Teach yourself Turkish (1953 and 1988).

Turkish Grammar 2nd Revised edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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