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E-grāmata: Ultra-Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A New MRI Regime [Oxford Medicine Online E-books]

(PhD, Chief Scientist and Director of Operations, Samitaur Medical Technologies, Honolulu, HI, USA), , (PhD, Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA), (PhD, Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM,)
  • Formāts: 262 pages, 96 illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-May-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780199796434
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Oxford Medicine Online E-books
  • Cena pašlaik nav zināma
Ultra-Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A New MRI RegimePalielināt
  • Formāts: 262 pages, 96 illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-May-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780199796434
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Wiley OnlineMore info about Oxford Medicine Online e-books
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: http://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199796434.001.0001/med-9780199796434
This book is designed to introduce the reader to the field of NMR/MRI at very low magnetic fields, from milli-Tesla to micro-Tesla, the ultra-low field (ULF) regime. The book is focused on applications to imaging the human brain, and hardware methods primarily based upon pre-polarization methods and SQUID-based detection. The goal of the text is to provide insight and tools for the reader to better understand what applications are best served by ULF NMR/MRI approaches. A discussion of the hardware challenges, such as shielding, operation of SQUID sensors in a dynamic field environment, and pulsed magnetic field generation are presented. One goal of the text is to provide the reader a framework of understanding the approaches to estimation and mitigation of low signal-to-noise and long imaging time, which are the main challenges. Special attention is paid to the combination of MEG and ULF MRI, and the benefits and challenges presented by trying to accomplish both with the same hardware. The book discusses the origin of unique relaxation contrast at ULF, and special considerations for image artifacts and how to correct them (i.e. concomitant gradients, ghost artifacts). A general discussion of MRI, with special consideration to the challenges of imaging at ULF and unique opportunities in pulse sequences, is presented. The book also presents an overview of some of the primary applications of ULF NMR/MRI being pursued.
Foreword ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Common Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii
1 Fundamental Principles of NMR and MRI at ULF
1(46)
1.1 Introduction
1(5)
1.2 Characteristics of the NMR Signal
6(14)
1.3 Introducing Signal-to-Noise and Contrast-to-Noise
20(5)
1.4 NMR and MRI at ULF
25(8)
1.5 MRI Effects
33(5)
1.6 New Regimes of Physics Accessible at ULF
38(1)
1.7 Summary of MRI at ULF
39(1)
1.8 Summary of HF and ULF MRI Comparisons
40(7)
2 Nuts and Bolts of ULF MRI
47(36)
2.1 Introduction
47(4)
2.2 General Concepts of Pre-Polarization Field Generation
51(4)
2.3 Generation of Measurement Field, Gradients, and Spin-flip
55(3)
2.4 Sensing the ULF MR Signals
58(13)
2.5 Magnetic Shielding
71(7)
2.6 Summary
78(5)
3 Magnetic Resonance Phenomena at ULF
83(41)
3.1 Interaction Between the Electromagnetic Radiation and the Nuclear Spins at ULF
86(25)
3.2 Quantum Mechanical Description of Interaction between the Electromagnetic Radiation and the Nuclear Spins
111(9)
3.3 NMR Relaxation
120(4)
4 Imaging Techniques at ULF
124(78)
4.1 Introduction
124(4)
4.2 General Imaging Concepts (How to Do MRI)
128(13)
4.3 ULF MRI
141(24)
4.4 Imaging Techniques: Making the Most of What You've Got
165(15)
4.5 On the Plus Side
180(17)
4.6 Conclusions
197(5)
5 Applications in ULF MRI
202(27)
5.1 Multimodal Imaging of Human Brain Anatomy and Function: MEG and ULF MRI
202(10)
5.2 New Approaches to Image Human Brain Function Uniquely Enabled by ULF MRI
212(10)
5.3 MagViz and ULF NMR Relaxometers
222(2)
5.4 A Final Word
224(5)
Index 229
The authors are or have recently been members of the Los Alamos "SQUID Team" that pioneered a variety of Ultra-Low Field MRI applications including ULF MRI in conjunction with MEG (magnetoencephalography) for concurrent imaging of anatomy and function in the human brain, and ULF Relaxometry used to detect dangerous substances in security screenings.
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