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Ultrafast Lasers: A Comprehensive Introduction to Fundamental Principles with Practical Applications 2021 ed. [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 800 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 1388 g, 234 Illustrations, color; 117 Illustrations, black and white; XX, 800 p. 351 illus., 234 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Graduate Texts in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 3030825310
  • ISBN-13: 9783030825317
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Ultrafast Lasers: A Comprehensive Introduction to Fundamental Principles with Practical Applications 2021 ed.Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 800 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 1388 g, 234 Illustrations, color; 117 Illustrations, black and white; XX, 800 p. 351 illus., 234 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Graduate Texts in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 3030825310
  • ISBN-13: 9783030825317
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783030825317.html
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This textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to ultrafast laser physics with a keen awareness of the needs of graduate students. It is self-contained and ready to use for both ultrafast laser courses and background for experimental investigation in the lab. The book starts with an advanced introduction to linear and nonlinear pulse propagation, details Q-switching and modelocking and goes into detail while explaining ultrashort pulse generation and measurement. Finally, the characterization of the laser signals is illustrated, and a broad range of applications presented. A multitude of worked examples and problems with solutions help to deepen the reader's understanding.

1 Plane Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media 1(24)
1.1 Maxwell's Equations in SI Units
1(1)
1.2 Material Equations
2(2)
1.3 Wave Equation with Refractive Index
4(12)
1.3.1 Derivation of the Wave Equation
4(3)
1.3.2 Solution of the Wave Equation: Plane Wave
7(3)
1.3.3 Summary of the Notation in Vacuum and in a Dispersive Medium
10(1)
1.3.4 TEM Wave and Impedance
10(3)
1.3.5 Polarization
13(2)
1.3.6 Energy Density, Poynting Vector, and Intensity
15(1)
1.4 Dispersion
16(9)
1.4.1 Dispersion for Electromagnetic Waves
16(1)
1.4.2 Sellmeier Equation in the Visible and Near-Infrared
17(4)
1.4.3 Refractive Index from the VUV to the X-Ray Region
21(4)
2 Linear Pulse Propagation 25(48)
2.1 Motivation
25(3)
2.2 Wave Equation in the Spectral Domain: Helmholtz Equation
28(4)
2.2.1 Fourier Transform
28(2)
2.2.2 Derivation of the Helmholtz Equation
30(2)
2.3 Linear Versus Nonlinear Wave Propagation
32(3)
2.3.1 Superposition Principle
32(1)
2.3.2 Linear System Theory
32(3)
2.3.3 Nonlinear Systems
35(1)
2.4 Ultrafast Pulses
35(7)
2.4.1 Pulse Wave Packet and Pulse Envelope
35(2)
2.4.2 Time-Bandwidth Product. Analogy with Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation
37(3)
2.4.3 Spectral Phase Yielding Shortest Pulse
40(2)
2.5 Linear Pulse Propagation in a Dispersive Material
42(31)
2.5.1 Linear Pulse Propagation Versus Linear Dispersion
42(1)
2.5.2 Slowly-Varying-Envelope Approximation
42(2)
2.5.3 First and Second Order Dispersion
44(1)
2.5.4 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
45(2)
2.5.5 Dispersive Pulse Broadening
47(5)
2.5.6 Dispersion as a Function of Frequency and Wavelength
52(4)
2.5.7 Optical Communication
56(3)
2.5.8 Can a Pulse Propagate Faster Than the Speed of Light in Vacuum?
59(4)
2.5.9 Definition of the Group Index
63(1)
2.5.10 Higher Order Dispersion
63(2)
2.5.11 Slowly-Evolving-Wave Approximation
65(8)
3 Dispersion Compensation 73(58)
3.1 Introduction and Motivation
73(4)
3.2 Prism Compressor
77(15)
3.2.1 Second Order Dispersion of the Four-Prism Compressor
77(8)
3.2.2 Third Order Dispersion of the Four-Prism Compressor
85(3)
3.2.3 Continuous Adjustment of Dispersion
88(4)
3.3 Grating Compressor, Stretcher, and Pulse Shaper
92(17)
3.3.1 Diffraction Grating Compressor
92(11)
3.3.2 Turning a Grating Compressor into a Stretcher
103(3)
3.3.3 Grating-Based Pulse Shaper
106(3)
3.4 Gires-Tournois Interferometer (GTI)
109(4)
3.5 Summary of Dispersion Compensation with Angular Dispersion and GTI
113(1)
3.6 Mirrors with Controlled Phase Properties
113(11)
3.6.1 Bragg Mirror
113(2)
3.6.2 Dielectric GTI-Type Mirrors
115(1)
3.6.3 Chirped Mirrors
116(5)
3.6.4 Design of Chirped Mirrors
121(3)
3.7 Dazzlers
124(2)
3.8 Dispersion Measurements
126(5)
4 Nonlinear Pulse Propagation 131(54)
4.1 Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)
131(18)
4.1.1 Kerr Effect and SPM
131(2)
4.1.2 Pulse Compressors Such as Fiber-Grating, Fiber-Prism, and Fiber-Chirped-Mirror Compressors
133(10)
4.1.3 Nonlinear Optical Pulse Cleaner
143(1)
4.1.4 Average Power Scaling of Pulse Compressors
144(5)
4.2 Self-Focusing and Filamentation Compressor
149(5)
4.2.1 Self-Focusing via a Kerr Lens
149(2)
4.2.2 Filament Formation
151(2)
4.2.3 Filament Pulse Compression
153(1)
4.3 Solitons
154(18)
4.3.1 Discovery of the Soliton
154(4)
4.3.2 Solution of the NSE: The Fundamental Soliton
158(4)
4.3.3 Solution of the NSE: Higher-Order Solitons
162(2)
4.3.4 Optical Communication with Solitons
164(4)
4.3.5 Periodic Perturbations of Solitons
168(4)
4.4 Self-Steepening
172(6)
4.4.1 Higher-Order Nonlinear Effects
172(2)
4.4.2 Optical Shock Front
174(2)
4.4.3 Effect of GDD on Optical Shock
176(2)
4.5 Nonlinear Propagation in a Saturable Absorber or Saturable Amplifier
178(7)
4.5.1 Saturable Amplifier
178(1)
4.5.2 Saturable Absorber
179(3)
4.5.3 Nonlinear Pulse Propagation in a Saturable Absorber or Amplifier
182(3)
5 Laser Rate Equations, Steady-State Solutions, Relaxation Oscillations, and Transfer Functions 185(40)
5.1 What Do We Need to Know About Lasers?
185(12)
5.1.1 Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser
185(5)
5.1.2 Rate Equations for an Ideal Four-Level Laser
190(1)
5.1.3 Steady-State Solutions (Four-Level Laser)
190(2)
5.1.4 Gain Saturation (Four-Level Laser)
192(2)
5.1.5 Three-Level Laser
194(3)
5.2 Relaxation Oscillations in a Four-Level Laser
197(12)
5.2.1 Linearized Rate Equations
197(1)
5.2.2 Ansatz for Solution After Perturbation
198(1)
5.2.3 Over-Critically Damped Lasers
199(1)
5.2.4 Under-Critically Damped Lasers
200(2)
5.2.5 Examples of Relaxation Oscillations Using Different Laser Materials
202(4)
5.2.6 Measurement of the Small-Signal Gain
206(3)
5.3 Transfer Function Analysis
209(16)
5.3.1 Rate Equations for Power and Gain
210(3)
5.3.2 Relaxation Oscillations
213(2)
5.3.3 Transfer Function
215(5)
5.3.4 Transfer Function Measurement
220(5)
6 Active Modelocking 225(54)
6.1 Modelocking
225(6)
6.1.1 Basic Principle of Modelocking
225(3)
6.1.2 Modelocked Frequency Comb and Axial Cavity Modes
228(2)
6.1.3 Difference Between Q-Switching and Modelocking
230(1)
6.2 Basic Principles of Active Modelocking
231(3)
6.3 Optical Loss Modulators
234(3)
6.3.1 Acousto-Optic Modulator (AOM)
234(3)
6.4 Active Modelocking Without SPM and GDD
237(11)
6.4.1 Gaussian Pulse Analysis
237(5)
6.4.2 Derivation and Solution of the Haus Master Equation
242(5)
6.4.3 Explanation of Active Modelocking in the Spectral Domain
247(1)
6.5 Active Modelocking with SPM, but Without GDD
248(10)
6.5.1 Master Equation
248(2)
6.5.2 Solution of the Master Equation: A Chirped Gaussian Pulse
250(6)
6.5.3 Example: Nd:YLF Laser
256(2)
6.6 Soliton Modelocking with Active Modelocking
258(9)
6.6.1 Derivation and Solution of the Master Equation with SPM and GDD
259(5)
6.6.2 Soliton Modelocked Nd:glass Laser Stabilized with an Intracavity AOM
264(3)
6.7 Modelocking with Homogeneously Versus Inhomogeneously Broadened Gain
267(6)
6.7.1 Homogeneously Versus Inhomogeneously Broadened Gain: CW Lasing
268(1)
6.7.2 Modelocking Results Better for Inhomogeneous Gain Broadening
269(1)
6.7.3 Modelocking with Spatial Hole Burning
270(3)
6.8 Synchronous Modelocking
273(2)
6.9 Selected Results of Active Modelocked Solid-State Lasers
275(4)
7 Saturable Absorbers for Solid-State Lasers 279(94)
7.1 Introduction
279(2)
7.2 Slow and Fast Saturable Absorbers
281(14)
7.2.1 Saturable Absorber Parameters and Rate Equation
281(4)
7.2.2 Justification for the Simplified Saturable Absorber Rate Equation
285(2)
7.2.3 Slow Saturable Absorber
287(3)
7.2.4 Fast Saturable Absorber
290(3)
7.2.5 Summary of Relevant Equations
293(2)
7.3 Nonlinear Reflectivity Model Functions
295(11)
7.3.1 Approximations
295(1)
7.3.2 Time-Dependent Reflectivity
296(2)
7.3.3 Pulse-Averaged Reflectivity
298(3)
7.3.4 Correction for Gaussian Beam Profile
301(1)
7.3.5 Inverse Saturable Absorption (ISA)
302(3)
7.3.6 Summary of Relevant Model Functions for Nonlinear Reflectivity
305(1)
7.4 Semiconductor Saturable Absorbers
306(22)
7.4.1 Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Materials
306(4)
7.4.2 Introduction to Semiconductor Relaxation Dynamics
310(3)
7.4.3 Fast Saturable Absorbers with Carrier Trapping Engineering
313(5)
7.4.4 Fast Saturable Absorbers with Quantum-Confined Stark Effect
318(1)
7.4.5 Saturable Absorber Optimization with Quantum Confinement
319(6)
7.4.6 Derivation of the Density of States
325(3)
7.5 Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM)
328(27)
7.5.1 SESAM Design: A Historical Perspective
329(2)
7.5.2 Resonant Versus Antiresonant SESAM
331(3)
7.5.3 Antiresonant High-Finesse SESAM
334(2)
7.5.4 Reflectivity, Phase, Dispersion, and Penetration Depth of a DBR
336(10)
7.5.5 Antiresonant Low-Finesse SESAM
346(2)
7.5.6 Dispersive SESAM
348(1)
7.5.7 Ultrabroadband SESAMs
349(2)
7.5.8 SESAM Optimization with Standing Wave Field Enhancement
351(4)
7.6 SESAM Damage
355(8)
7.6.1 SESAM Damage Measurements
355(4)
7.6.2 SESAM Damage Theory
359(2)
7.6.3 SESAM Design for High Average Power Thin-Disk Lasers
361(2)
7.7 SESAM Characterization
363(7)
7.7.1 One-Beam Measurement of Nonlinear Reflectivity
363(5)
7.7.2 Pump-Probe Measurement of Recovery Time
368(1)
7.7.3 Pump-Probe Measurement of Nonlinear Reflectivity
369(1)
7.8 Novel Saturable Absorber Materials
370(3)
8 Q-Switching 373(46)
8.1 Active Q-Switching
374(4)
8.1.1 Fundamental Principle of Active Q-Switching
374(2)
8.1.2 Acousto-Optic Q-Switched Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser
376(1)
8.1.3 Pulsed Single-Frequency Laser
377(1)
8.1.4 Actively Q-Switched Microchip Laser
377(1)
8.2 Theory for Active Q-Switching
378(6)
8.2.1 Rate Equations
378(1)
8.2.2 Inversion Build-Up Phase
378(2)
8.2.3 Pulse Build-Up Phase: Leading Edge of the Pulse
380(1)
8.2.4 Dynamics During the Pulse Duration
381(3)
8.2.5 Pulse Depletion Phase: Trailing Edge of the Pulse
384(1)
8.3 Passive Q-Switching
384(6)
8.3.1 Fundamental Principle of Passive Q-Switching
384(2)
8.3.2 Passively Q-Switched Microchip Laser
386(1)
8.3.3 Passively Q-Switched Monolithic Ring Laser
386(4)
8.4 Theory for Passive Q-Switching
390(12)
8.4.1 Rate Equations
390(5)
8.4.2 Model for SESAM Q-Switched Microchip Laser
395(1)
8.4.3 Pulse Energy
396(4)
8.4.4 Pulse Duration and Pulse Shape
400(1)
8.4.5 Pulse Repetition Rate
400(1)
8.4.6 Remarks on Three-Level Lasers
401(1)
8.5 Passively Q-Switched Microchip Lasers Using SESAMs
402(17)
8.5.1 SESAM Design
402(3)
8.5.2 Laser Setup
405(1)
8.5.3 SESAM Q-Switching Results
406(7)
8.5.4 Design Guidelines
413(4)
8.5.5 Summary of the Q-Switched Microchip Laser
417(2)
9 Passive Modelocking 419(128)
9.1 Introduction and Basic Principle
419(10)
9.1.1 Basic Principle
419(2)
9.1.2 Starting Passive Modelocking
421(2)
9.1.3 Historical Development
423(6)
9.2 Coupled Cavity Modelocking
429(3)
9.3 Passive Modelocking with a Slow Saturable Absorber and Dynamic Gain Saturation
432(11)
9.3.1 Modelocking Conditions
433(1)
9.3.2 Example: Colliding Pulse Modelocking (CPM)
434(2)
9.3.3 Pulse Formation through Saturable Absorption and Gain
436(4)
9.3.4 Master Equation and Solution
440(3)
9.4 Passive Modelocking with a Fast Saturable Absorber
443(18)
9.4.1 Definition of an Ideally Fast Saturable Absorber
444(1)
9.4.2 Example: Kerr Lens Modelocking (KLM)
445(1)
9.4.3 Master Equation
445(2)
9.4.4 Solution without SPM and GDD
447(2)
9.4.5 Comparison with Active Modelocking without SPM and GDD
449(1)
9.4.6 Solution with SPM and GDD for Soliton Formation
450(10)
9.4.7 Problem for Self-Starting Modelocking
460(1)
9.5 Passive Modelocking with Slow Saturable Absorber and Without Dynamic Gain Saturation
461(22)
9.5.1 Soliton Modelocking
462(5)
9.5.2 Example: Soliton Modelocked Ti:sapphire Laser
467(3)
9.5.3 Soliton Modelocking with GDD > 0 and n2 < 0
470(9)
9.5.4 What Happens Without Soliton Formation
479(4)
9.6 Summary of Analytical Solutions for all Modelocking Techniques
483(8)
9.7 Q-Switching Instabilities of Passively Modelocked Solid-State Lasers
491(17)
9.7.1 Q-Switching Instabilities: A More Serious Issue for Solid-State Lasers
491(5)
9.7.2 Q-Switching Instabilities Without ISA: Derivation and Discussion of (9.126)
496(4)
9.7.3 Q-Switching Instabilities with Soliton Modelocking but Without ISA: Derivation and Discussion of (9.127)
500(4)
9.7.4 Q-Switching Instabilities with ISA: Discussion of (9.129)
504(2)
9.7.5 Special Cavity Designs to Prevent Q-Switching Instabilities
506(1)
9.7.6 Negative n2 to Prevent Q-Switching Instabilities
507(1)
9.8 Passively Modelocked Diode-Pumped Semiconductor Lasers
508(5)
9.8.1 Optically Pumped VECSELs
508(2)
9.8.2 Optically-Pumped MIXSELs and SESAM-Modelocked VECSELs
510(3)
9.9 Dual-Comb Modelocking
513(3)
9.10 Performance Frontiers in Ultrafast Lasers
516(31)
9.10.1 Pulse Generation in the Few-Cycle Regime
516(6)
9.10.2 High Average Power
522(11)
9.10.3 Gigahertz Pulse Repetition Rates
533(14)
10 Pulse Duration Measurements 547(42)
10.1 Electronic Measurements of the Pulse Duration
547(11)
10.1.1 Cables and Connectors
547(1)
10.1.2 Fast Photodiode
547(5)
10.1.3 Estimating the Time Resolution and Measurement Bandwidth
552(2)
10.1.4 Sampling Oscilloscope
554(1)
10.1.5 Microwave Spectrum and Signal Analyzers
555(1)
10.1.6 Equivalent-Time Sampling
556(2)
10.2 Optical Autocorrelation
558(14)
10.2.1 Pulse Spectrum
558(1)
10.2.2 Intensity Autocorrelation
558(5)
10.2.3 Interferometric Autocorrelation (IAC)
563(7)
10.2.4 High-Dynamic-Range Autocorrelation
570(1)
10.2.5 Temporal Smearing in Noncollinear Autocorrelation
571(1)
10.3 Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG)
572(10)
10.3.1 Basic Principle
573(6)
10.3.2 Second Harmonic Generation FROG (SHG-FROG)
579(3)
10.4 Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric Field Reconstruction (SPIDER)
582(7)
10.4.1 Basic Principle
582(2)
10.4.2 Experimental Realization
584(5)
11 Intensity Noise and Timing Jitter of Modelocked Lasers 589(50)
11.1 Introduction
589(6)
11.1.1 Definition of Intensity Noise and Timing Jitter
590(2)
11.1.2 Basic Mathematical Principles for Noise
592(3)
11.2 Measurement Techniques for Intensity Noise and Timing Jitter
595(7)
11.2.1 General Remarks on Intensity Noise
595(2)
11.2.2 General Remarks on Timing Jitter
597(1)
11.2.3 Measurement Based on Microwave Spectrum Analyzers
597(2)
11.2.4 Measurement Based on Electronic Reference Signals
599(1)
11.2.5 Measurement Based on Optical Cross-Correlations
600(1)
11.2.6 Measurement with an Indirect Phase Comparison Method
601(1)
11.3 Noise Measurements with Power Spectral Densities
602(11)
11.3.1 Ideal Laser Without Amplitude Fluctuations and Timing Jitter
602(2)
11.3.2 Pulse Train with Intensity Noise
604(5)
11.3.3 Pulse Train with Timing Jitter
609(4)
11.3.4 Summary of Intensity Noise and Timing Jitter
613(1)
11.4 Noise Characteristics of Modelocked Lasers
613(11)
11.4.1 Some Basic Remarks on Noise, Stabilization, and Coupling Mechanisms
613(4)
11.4.2 Ultrafast Dye Lasers
617(2)
11.4.3 Flashlamp-Pumped Solid-State Lasers
619(1)
11.4.4 Diode-Pumped SESAM-Modelocked Solid-State Lasers
620(3)
11.4.5 Argon-Ion Versus Diode-Pumped Ti:Sapphire Lasers
623(1)
11.5 Some Words of Caution About Noise Characterization
624(4)
11.5.1 General Remarks About Nonstationary Processes and Finite Measurement Durations
624(3)
11.5.2 Noise Measurements in the Frequency Domain
627(1)
11.5.3 Noise Measurements in the Time Domain
627(1)
11.6 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Optimization Techniques
628(11)
11.6.1 Basic Principle of Pump-Probe Measurements
628(2)
11.6.2 High Frequency Chopping with Lock-in Detection
630(1)
11.6.3 Minimal Detectable Signal for Shot-Noise-Limited Detection
631(2)
11.6.4 Short Measurement Durations for Lower SNR
633(6)
12 Optical Frequency Comb from Modelocked Lasers 639(64)
12.1 Introduction
639(3)
12.2 Carrier Envelope Offset (CEO) Phase and Frequency
642(6)
12.3 Measurement of the CEO Frequency
648(13)
12.3.1 Basic Principle with Heterodyne (Interference) Signals
648(2)
12.3.2 Method 1: f-to-2f Interferometer
650(6)
12.3.3 Method 2: Frequency-Doubled Transfer Oscillator with Lower Bandwidth Requirement
656(3)
12.3.4 Method 3: Frequency-Tripled Transfer Oscillator
659(1)
12.3.5 Method 4: SHG and THG of Two Auxiliary Oscillators and Self-Referenced 2f-to-3f Interferometer
659(1)
12.3.6 Method 5: Frequency Interval Bisection
660(1)
12.4 Phase and Frequency Noise
661(19)
12.4.1 Spectrally Resolved CEO Frequency Noise
661(3)
12.4.2 Basic Mathematical Principle of Phase and Frequency Noise
664(3)
12.4.3 Integrated Phase and Frequency Noise
667(3)
12.4.4 Phase Noise from Cavity Mirror Vibrations
670(1)
12.4.5 Intensity Noise, Timing Jitter, and CEO Frequency Noise
671(2)
12.4.6 Phase-Time and Fractional (or Relative) Frequency Noise
673(2)
12.4.7 Polynomial Model: White, 1/f (Flicker), and 1/f 2 Noise
675(1)
12.4.8 Allan Variance
676(4)
12.5 Connection Between the Optical Laser Spectrum and the Phase Noise
680(14)
12.5.1 Optical Laser Spectrum
680(1)
12.5.2 Variance of the Phase Noise Change and Optical Autocorrelation
680(2)
12.5.3 Optical Spectral Linewidth from Frequency and Phase Noise
682(2)
12.5.4 Optical Linewidth for (Low-Pass Filtered) White Frequency Noise
684(3)
12.5.5 α-Separation Line
687(1)
12.5.6 Optical Linewidth from Flicker Noise
688(2)
12.5.7 Quantum Noise Limit
690(1)
12.5.8 Optical Interferometers, Coherence, and Phase Noise
691(3)
12.6 Stabilized Optical Frequency Combs
694(6)
12.6.1 Basic Principle of Active Stabilization
694(1)
12.6.2 CEO Frequency Stabilization with Laser Feedback Control
695(3)
12.6.3 Full Optical Frequency Comb Stabilization
698(1)
12.6.4 External CEO Frequency Stabilization
699(1)
12.7 Laser Technology for Optical Frequency Combs
700(3)
Appendix A: Fourier Transform 703(4)
Appendix B: Dispersion for Quantum Mechanical Particles 707(2)
Appendix C: Delta-Function 709(4)
Appendix D: Delta-Comb 713(4)
Appendix E: Soliton Algebra 717(4)
Appendix F: Linearized Operators for the Master Equation 721(6)
References 727(64)
Index 791
Ursula Keller, a tenured professor of physics at ETH Zurich since 1993, leads the Ultrafast Laser Physics group, and currently also serves as a director of the Swiss multi-institute NCCR MUST excellence program in ultrafast science since 2010. Born 1959 in Zug, Switzerland, she received the Physics "Diplom" from ETH Zurich in 1984 and the Ph.D. in Applied Physics from Stanford University, USA in 1989. She was a Member of Technical Staff (MTS) at AT&T Bell Laboratories in New Jersey from 1989 to 1993. She was a Visiting Miller Professor at UC Berkeley in 2006 and a visiting professor at the Lund Institute of Technologies in 2001. She has been a co-founder and board member for Time-Bandwidth Products since 1995 and for GigaTera from 2000 to 2003, a venture capital funded telecom company during the bubble phase which was acquired by Time-Bandwidth in 2003. Time-Bandwidth Products was acquired by JDSU in 2014. Her research interests are exploring and pushing the frontiers in ultrafast science and technology. She invented the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) which enabled passive modelocking of diode-pumped solid-state lasers and established ultrafast solid-state lasers for science and industrial applications. She pushed the frontier of few-cycle pulse generation and full electric field control at petahertz frequencies. Pioneered frequency comb stabilization from modelocked lasers, which was also noted by the Nobel committee for Physics in 2005. In time-resolved attosecond metrology she invented the attoclock which measured the electron tunneling delay time and observed the dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect in condensed matter for the first time. Awards include the SPIE Gold Medal (2020) SPIEs highest honor, OSA Frederic Ives Medal/Jarus W. Quinn Prize (2020) OSAs highest award for overall distinction in optics, IEEE Edison Medal (2019), European Inventor Award for lifetime achievement(2018), IEEE Photonics Award (2018), ERC advanced grants (2012 and 2018), OSA Charles H. Townes Award (2015), LIA Arthur L. Schawlow Award (2013), EPS Senior Prize (2011), OSA Fraunhofer/Burley Prize (2008), Leibinger Innovation Prize (2004), and Zeiss Research Award (1998). OSA, SPIE, IEEE, EPS and IAPLE Fellow, member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, German Academy Leopoldina and Swiss Academy of Technical Sciences. She supervised and graduated 87 Ph.D. students, publish^480 journal publications.