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1 | (26) |
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1.1 Semiconductors: Basic Concepts |
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2 | (10) |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Phonons in Semiconductors |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Scattering Processes in Semiconductors |
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7 | (2) |
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1.1.5 Carrier Relaxation: Four Regimes |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.3 Ultrafast Spectroscopy Techniques |
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12 | (9) |
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1.3.1 Pump-Probe Spectroscopy |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (2) |
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1.3.3 Luminescence Spectroscopy |
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18 | (2) |
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1.3.4 Interferometric Techniques |
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20 | (1) |
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1.3.5 Terahertz Spectroscopy |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4 Interpretation of Results |
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21 | (5) |
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21 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Pump-Probe Spectroscopy |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Luminescence Spectroscopy |
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23 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Calculation of the Dynamics |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2 Coherent Spectroscopy of Semiconductors |
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27 | (106) |
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28 | (21) |
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2.1.1 An Ensemble of Independent Two-Level Systems |
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29 | (12) |
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2.1.2 Semiconductor Bloch Equations |
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41 | (6) |
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2.1.3 Coherence Effects in Other Optical Experiments |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.2 Dephasing of Excitons |
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49 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Exciton-Exciton and Exciton-Free-Carrier Collisions in Quantum Wells |
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49 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Exciton-Phonon Interactions |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (3) |
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2.4 Transient Spectral Oscillations |
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60 | (1) |
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2.5 Exciton Resonance in FWM |
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61 | (2) |
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2.6 Quantum Beats of Excitons |
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63 | (15) |
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2.6.1 Beats from Discrete Excitonic Islands |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
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2.6.3 Quantum Beats of Magneto-Excitons |
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69 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Distinction Between Quantum and Polarization Beats |
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70 | (4) |
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2.6.5 Propagation Quantum Beats |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (1) |
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2.7 Interaction-Induced Effects: Beyond the Independent-Level Approximation |
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78 | (18) |
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2.7.1 Exciton-Exciton Interaction Effects |
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79 | (10) |
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2.7.2 Biexcitonic Effects |
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89 | (7) |
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2.8 Coherent Oscillations of an Electronic Wavepacket |
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96 | (7) |
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2.9 Bloch Oscillations in a Semiconductor Superlattice |
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103 | (8) |
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2.9.1 Semiclassical Picture |
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103 | (1) |
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2.9.2 Tight-Binding Picture |
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104 | (1) |
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2.9.3 Qualitative Quantum-Mechanical Picture |
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105 | (1) |
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2.9.4 Observation of Bloch Oscillations in Semiconductor Superlattices |
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106 | (2) |
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2.9.5 Influence of Excitons |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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2.10 Coherent Spectroscopy of Free Electron-Hole Pairs |
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111 | (6) |
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2.10.1 Transient Oscillations |
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111 | (1) |
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2.10.2 Free-Carrier Dephasing in Bulk GaAs |
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112 | (1) |
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2.10.3 Free-Carrier Dephasing in Intrinsic Quantum Wells |
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112 | (1) |
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2.10.4 Free-Carrier Dephasing in Modulation-Doped Quantum Wells |
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113 | (3) |
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2.10.5 Time-Resolved FWM from Modulation-Doped Quantum Wells |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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2.12 Terahertz Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanostructures |
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120 | (11) |
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2.12.1 Coherent Oscillations in a-DQWS |
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120 | (4) |
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2.12.2 HH-LH Oscillations |
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124 | (2) |
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2.12.3 Bloch Oscillations |
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126 | (2) |
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2.12.4 Coherent Control of Charge Oscillations |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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3 Initial Relaxation of Photoexcited Carriers |
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133 | (28) |
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3.1 Non-thermal Distributions in GaAs |
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135 | (9) |
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3.1.1 Pump-Probe Spectroscopy |
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135 | (4) |
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3.1.2 Luminescence Spectroscopy |
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139 | (5) |
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3.2 Intervalley Scattering in GaAs |
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144 | (4) |
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3.3 Initial Carrier Relaxation in Quantum Wells |
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148 | (12) |
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3.3.1 Spectral Hole-Burning in GaAs Quantum Wells |
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148 | (5) |
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3.3.2 Non-thermal Holes in n-Modulation-Doped Quantum Wells |
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153 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Intersubband Scattering in Quantum Wells |
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155 | (5) |
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3.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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160 | (1) |
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4 Cooling of Hot Carriers |
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161 | (32) |
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4.1 Simple Model of Carrier Energy-Loss Rates and Cooling Curves |
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162 | (4) |
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4.2 Cooling Curves: Early Measurements and Analysis |
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166 | (5) |
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4.3 Other Factors Influencing the Cooling Curves |
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171 | (12) |
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4.3.1 Pauli Exclusion Principle and Fermi-Dirac Statistics |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Screening and Many-Body Aspects |
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175 | (8) |
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4.4 Further Experimental Investigations of Energy-Loss Rates |
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183 | (9) |
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4.4.1 Direct Measurement of the Energy-Loss Rates |
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184 | (6) |
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4.4.2 Bulk vs Quasi-2D Semiconductors |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (32) |
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5.1 Phonon Dynamics in Bulk Semiconductors |
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194 | (14) |
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5.1.1 Phonon Generation in Bulk Semiconductors |
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194 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Phonon Detection by Raman Scattering |
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196 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Steady-State Results in GaAs |
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196 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Phonon Dynamics in GaAs |
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198 | (4) |
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5.1.5 Coherent Generation and Detection of Phonons |
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202 | (4) |
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5.1.6 Monte-Carlo Simulation of Phonon Dynamics in GaAs |
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206 | (2) |
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5.2 Phonon Dynamics in Quantum Wells |
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208 | (16) |
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5.2.1 Phonons in Quantum Wells |
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208 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Phonon Generation in Quantum Wells |
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212 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Phonon Detection by Raman Scattering |
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213 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Monte-Carlo Simulation of Phonon Dynamics in GaAs Quantum Wells |
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214 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Hot-Phonon Dynamics in GaAs Quantum Wells |
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215 | (3) |
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5.2.6 Determination of Phonon Occupation Number |
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218 | (2) |
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5.2.7 Experimental Determination of the Hot-Phonon Occupation Number and Dynamics |
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220 | (4) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (38) |
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225 | (11) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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6.1.3 Exciton Fine Structure |
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229 | (2) |
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6.1.4 Dynamical Processes of Excitons |
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231 | (5) |
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6.2 Experimental Results: Non-resonant Excitation |
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236 | (11) |
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6.2.1 Exciton-Formation Dynamics in GaAs Quantum Wells |
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236 | (5) |
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6.2.2 Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Cu2O |
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241 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Spin Relaxation Dynamics in GaAs Quantum Wells |
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243 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Recombination Dynamics of Thermalized Excitons in GaAs Quantum Wells |
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244 | (3) |
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6.3 Experimental Results: Resonant Excitation |
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247 | (14) |
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6.3.1 Pump-and-Probe Studies |
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248 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Picosecond Luminescence Studies |
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251 | (6) |
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6.3.3 Femtosecond Luminescence Studies |
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257 | (4) |
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261 | (2) |
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7 Carrier Tunneling in Semiconductor Nanostructures |
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263 | (32) |
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7.1 Basic Concepts: Optical Markers |
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264 | (2) |
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7.2 Basic Concepts: Double-Barrier Structures |
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266 | (3) |
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7.3 Basic Concepts: Asymmetric Double-Quantum-Well Structures |
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269 | (9) |
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7.3.1 Optical Markers in a-DQWS |
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270 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Non-resonant Tunneling |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (6) |
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7.4 Tunneling in Double-Barrier Structures |
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278 | (3) |
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7.4.1 Dependence on the Barrier Thickness |
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278 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Dependence on Electric Field |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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7.5 Non-resonant Tunneling in Asymmetric Double-Quantum-Well Structures |
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281 | (5) |
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7.5.1 Dependence on Barrier Thickness |
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282 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Resonant Phonon-Assisted Tunneling |
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283 | (3) |
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7.6 Resonant Tunneling in Asymmetric Double-Quantum-Well Structures |
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286 | (7) |
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7.6.1 Resonant Tunneling of Electrons: Initial Studies |
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286 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Resonant Tunneling of Holes: Initial Studies |
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288 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Resonant Tunneling of Electrons and Holes: Further Studies |
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289 | (2) |
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7.6.4 Unified Picture of Tunneling and Relaxation |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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8 Carrier Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructures |
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295 | (30) |
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295 | (4) |
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297 | (2) |
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8.2 Perpendicular Transport in Graded-Gap Superlattices |
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299 | (9) |
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8.3 Carrier Sweep-Out in Multiple Quantum Wells |
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308 | (6) |
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309 | (1) |
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8.3.2 All-Optical Studies of Carrier Sweep-Out |
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310 | (4) |
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8.4 Carrier Capture in Quantum Wells |
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314 | (9) |
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8.4.1 Theoretical Predictions |
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314 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Experimental Studies |
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316 | (4) |
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8.4.3 Implications for Lasers |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (122) |
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9.1 Nanostructures, Lasers and Techniques |
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325 | (10) |
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9.1.1 Semiconductor Nanostructures |
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325 | (6) |
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331 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Measurement Techniques |
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331 | (4) |
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9.2 Coherent Spectroscopy |
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335 | (63) |
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9.2.1 Quantum Kinetics in Semiconductors |
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336 | (9) |
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9.2.2 Beyond the Semiconductor Bloch Equations |
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345 | (6) |
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9.2.3 Coherent Control in Semiconductors |
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351 | (10) |
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9.2.4 Phase Sensitive Measurements |
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361 | (4) |
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9.2.5 Exciton-Continuum Interaction |
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365 | (9) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (1) |
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9.2.8 Plasmon-Phonon Oscillations |
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377 | (2) |
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9.2.9 HH-LH Resonance in the Continuum |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (2) |
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9.2.11 Coherent and Nonlinear Phenomena in Semiconductor Microcavities |
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383 | (7) |
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9.2.12 Coherence in Multiple Quantum-Well Structures and Bragg/Anti-Bragg Structures |
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390 | (5) |
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9.2.13 Coherent Properties of Quantum Wires and Dots |
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395 | (3) |
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9.3 Ultrafast Emission Dynamics |
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398 | (20) |
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9.3.1 Resonant Secondary Emission from Quantum Wells: Intensity |
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398 | (3) |
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9.3.2 Resonant Secondary Emission from Quantum Wells: Investigation by Phase-Locked Pulses |
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401 | (6) |
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9.3.3 Resonant Secondary Emission from Quantum Wells: Direct Measurement of Amplitude and Phase |
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407 | (3) |
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410 | (8) |
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9.4 The Incoherent Regime: Dynamics and High-Intensity Effects |
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418 | (28) |
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419 | (6) |
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425 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Quantum Wires: Capture and Relaxation Dynamics |
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427 | (5) |
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9.4.4 Quantum Wires: High-Density Effects |
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432 | (3) |
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9.4.5 Quantum Dots: Relaxation Dynamics |
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435 | (8) |
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9.4.6 Carrier-Transport Dynamics |
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443 | (3) |
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446 | (1) |
References |
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447 | (62) |
Subject Index |
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509 | |