About the Authors |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
Nomenclature |
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xv | |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (17) |
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1.2.1 Desiccant Materials |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Types of Desiccant Dryer |
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4 | (6) |
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1.2.3 Regeneration Methods |
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10 | (9) |
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19 | (7) |
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1.3.1 Basic Knowledge about Ultrasound |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (2) |
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1.3.3 Fundamental Theory for Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (7) |
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26 | (7) |
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2 Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration of Silica Gel |
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33 | (108) |
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33 | (5) |
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38 | (13) |
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38 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Procedure for Experiments |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Results and Discussions |
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42 | (9) |
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2.3 Empirical Models for Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration |
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51 | (8) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (7) |
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2.4 Theoretic Model for Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration |
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59 | (30) |
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62 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Mathematical Model for Ultrasonic Wave Propagation |
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62 | (5) |
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2.4.3 Mathematical Model for Heat and Mass Transfer in Silica Gel Bed |
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67 | (8) |
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75 | (10) |
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2.4.5 Error Analysis for Experimental Data |
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85 | (4) |
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2.5 Parametric Study on Silica Gel Regeneration Assisted by Ultrasound |
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89 | (21) |
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2.5.1 Acoustic Pressure and Oscillation Velocity in the Packed Bed |
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89 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Thermal Characteristics of the Bed during Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration |
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91 | (15) |
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2.5.3 Enhancement of Regeneration Assisted by Ultrasound |
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106 | (4) |
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2.5.4 Comparisons between the Transverse- and Radial-Flow Beds |
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110 | (1) |
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2.6 Quantitative Contribution of Ultrasonic Effects to Silica Gel Regeneration |
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110 | (9) |
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2.6.1 Theoretical Analysis |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Results and Discussions |
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114 | (5) |
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2.7 Energy-Saving Features of Silica Gel Regeneration Assisted by Ultrasound |
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119 | (7) |
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2.7.1 Specific Energy Consumption |
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119 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Results and Discussions |
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120 | (5) |
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125 | (1) |
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2.8 Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration on Desiccant System Performance |
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126 | (15) |
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2.8.1 Study Objective and Method |
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126 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Results and Discussions |
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127 | (12) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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3 Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration for a New Honeycomb Desiccant Material |
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141 | (36) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (17) |
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3.2.1 Experimental System |
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142 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Raw Material and Experimental Conditions |
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142 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Analysis Parameters |
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144 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Experimental Results |
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145 | (9) |
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3.2.5 Energy Attenuation and Absorptivity of Ultrasound in the Material |
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154 | (5) |
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3.3 Theoretical Model for Honeycomb-Type Desiccant Regeneration |
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159 | (4) |
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159 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Governing Equations |
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159 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Determination of Key Parameters |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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3.4 Model Simulations and Analysis |
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163 | (13) |
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163 | (9) |
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3.4.2 Quantitative Contributions of Ultrasonic Effects to the Regeneration of Honeycomb- Type Desiccant |
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172 | (4) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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4 Ultrasound-Atomizing Regeneration for Liquid Desiccants |
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177 | (58) |
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177 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Principles and Features of the Liquid-Desiccant Dehumidification |
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177 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Thermo-Physical Properties of Liquid Desiccant Materials |
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178 | (4) |
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4.1.3 Research Status of Solution Regenerators |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (18) |
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4.2.1 Mass Transfer Coefficients for the Droplets |
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183 | (9) |
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4.2.2 Atomized Size of Droplet by Ultrasonic Atomizing |
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192 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Droplet Distribution Characteristics and Measurement Techniques |
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194 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Vapor Pressure of Liquid Desiccant Mixture |
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196 | (5) |
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4.3 Theoretical Modeling for the Ultrasound-Atomizing Regenerator |
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201 | (20) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Determination of Key Parameters |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (5) |
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208 | (13) |
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4.4 Performance Analysis of Liquid-Desiccant Dehumidification System with Ultrasound-Atomizing Regeneration |
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221 | (14) |
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4.4.1 The Ultrasound-Atomizing Regenerator versus the Packed One |
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221 | (5) |
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4.4.2 Performance of Liquid Desiccant System with Different Regenerators |
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226 | (7) |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (48) |
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5.1 Longitudinal Vibration of Sandwich Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer |
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235 | (23) |
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235 | (5) |
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5.7.2 Theoretical Analysis |
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240 | (8) |
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5.1.3 State Equations of Sandwich Piezoelectric Electromechanical Transducer |
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248 | (8) |
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256 | (2) |
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5.2 Radial Vibration Ultrasonic Transducer |
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258 | (17) |
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258 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Theoretical Analysis and Design of a Binary Radial Transducer |
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259 | (8) |
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5.2.3 Radial Vibration Sandwich Piezoelectric Transducer |
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267 | (8) |
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275 | (1) |
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5.3 Ultrasonic Atomization Transducer |
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275 | (8) |
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5.3.1 Basic Principle of Ultrasonic Atomization |
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275 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Basic Structure of Ultrasonic Atomizers |
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275 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Research Status and Applications |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (2) |
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6 Desiccant System with Ultrasonic-Assisted Regeneration |
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283 | (10) |
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6.1 For Solid-Desiccant System |
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283 | (4) |
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6.7.7 Based on the Longitudinal Vibration Ultrasonic Transducer |
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283 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Based on the Radial Vibration Ultrasonic Transducer |
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284 | (3) |
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6.2 For Liquid-Desiccant System |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Development of Ultrasonic Transducer |
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289 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Development of Desiccant Materials Adaptive to Ultrasound-Assisted Regeneration |
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290 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Development of Demister |
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290 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Environmental Impact |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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A Basic Equations for Properties of Common Liquid Desiccants |
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293 | (14) |
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A.1 Lithium Chloride (LiCl) |
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293 | (4) |
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A.2 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) |
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297 | (2) |
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A.3 Lithium Bromide (LiBr) |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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A.5 Specific Thermal Capacity (J/(kg-°C)) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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A.7 Dynamic Viscosity (Pa s) |
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303 | (4) |
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306 | (1) |
Index |
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307 | |