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Understanding Minerals & Crystals [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 304 pages, height x width: 246x167 mm
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Aug-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Struik Travel & Heritage
  • ISBN-10: 1431700843
  • ISBN-13: 9781431700844
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  • Mīkstie vāki
  • Cena: 28,49 €*
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 304 pages, height x width: 246x167 mm
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Aug-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Struik Travel & Heritage
  • ISBN-10: 1431700843
  • ISBN-13: 9781431700844
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks – they make up the solid Earth’s crust. Understanding Minerals & Crystals takes a close look at minerals, how they form, why they differ and how to go about identifying them. It examines the nature of atoms and the way they bind together to form minerals with distinctive crystal structures; discusses the nature and classification of these crystals (with a mineral identification key); and offers detailed descriptions of some 80 common and important minerals, including how they were named, their properties, ID pointers, uses and where in the world they are found. All are lavishly illustrated with full-color photographs. This book will be invaluable to those interested in any of the earth sciences, or in mineral/crystal collecting – from academics and students to general enthusiasts.

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks – they make up the solid Earth’s crust. Understanding Minerals & Crystals takes a close look at minerals, how they form, why they differ and how to go about identifying them.
1 Introduction
6(3)
2 Atoms: the Building Blocks of Minerals
9(13)
The nucleus
10(1)
The distribution of electrons around the nucleus
11(2)
The Periodic Table
13(1)
The Periodic Table and the properties of atoms
14(4)
Abundances of elements
18(2)
The abundances of elements on Earth
20(2)
3 Chemical Bonding and the Formation of Minerals
22(9)
The covalent bond
22(3)
The ionic bond
25(1)
Bonds intermediate between covalent and ionic
25(1)
The metallic bond
26(2)
Van der Waals bonds
28(1)
Mixed bonding
29(2)
4 The Formation of Crystalline Solids
31(27)
The structure of ionic and metallic bonded solids
31(4)
The structure. of metals
35(1)
Structures with ionic bonding
36(2)
Structures with covalent bonding
38(1)
Structures with mixed bonding
39(3)
The origin of crystal faces
42(4)
Ionic substitution in minerals
46(3)
Polymorphism
49(2)
Crystal growth
51(4)
Twinned crystals
55(1)
Pseudomorphism
56(2)
5 The Morphology of Crystals
58(20)
Natural crystals vs crystal models
58(1)
Elements of symmetry
59(1)
Crystallographic systems
60(7)
Common crystal classes
67(6)
Describing crystals
73(1)
Twinned crystals
73(5)
6 The Physical Characteristics of Minerals
78(20)
Density and specific gravity
78(1)
Properties that depend on light
79(7)
Mechanical properties
86(4)
Magnetic properties
90(1)
Habit
91(6)
Reaction with hydrochloric acid
97(1)
7 Mineral Classification and Identification
98(12)
Classification
98(1)
Identification
98(1)
Key to minerals
99(11)
8 Native Elements
110(12)
9 Sulphides
122(23)
10 Oxides and Hydroxides
145(22)
11 Halides
167(5)
12 Carbonates
172(28)
13 Sulphates
200(9)
14 Phosphates and Vanadates
209(7)
15 Tungstates
216(4)
16 Silicates
220(72)
Nesosilicates
220(17)
Sorosilicates
237(3)
Cyclosilicates
240(9)
Inosilicates
249(14)
Phyllosilicates
263(13)
Tectosilicates
276(16)
17 Mineraloids
292(2)
Appendix 1 Abundances of the Elements 294(2)
Appendix 2 Making your Own Crystal Models 296(6)
Further Reading and Sources 302(1)
Photographic Credits 302(1)
Acknowledgements 303(1)
Glossary 303(5)
Index 308
Bruce Cairncross is professor of geology and chairman of the geology department at the University of Johannesburg. He has a special interest in documenting and preserving southern Africa's mineralogical heritage, and is the author or co-author of a number of books, including Field guide to rocks & minerals of southern Africa and Pocket guide: Rocks & minerals of southern Africa. Terence McCarthy is a retired professor of mineral geochemistry at the University of the Witwatersrand. He has wide research interests in the earth sciences, including economic and environmental geology, geochemistry and geomorphology, and is a leading expert on the geology of wetlands. He is co-author of The story of earth and life and How on earth?