Understanding Pathophysiology |
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Part One Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology |
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1 | (37) |
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Structure and Function of Cellular Components, |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Specialized Cell Junctions, |
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11 | (1) |
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Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction, |
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12 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Role of Adenosine Triphosphate, |
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16 | (1) |
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Food and Production of Cellular Energy, |
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16 | (1) |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation, |
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16 | (1) |
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Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output, |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Transport by Vesicle Formation, |
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21 | (1) |
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Movement of Electrical Impulses: Membrane Potentials, |
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24 | (1) |
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Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle, |
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25 | (1) |
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Phases of Mitosis and Cytokinesis, |
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26 | (1) |
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Rates of Cellular Division, |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (11) |
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2 Genes and Genetic Diseases, |
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38 | (24) |
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level, |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (1) |
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Chromosome Aberrations and Associated Diseases, |
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42 | (7) |
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Elements of Formal Genetics, |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Dominance and Recessiveness, |
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49 | (1) |
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Transmission of Genetic Diseases, |
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49 | (1) |
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Autosomal Dominant Inheritance, |
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50 | (1) |
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Autosomal Recessive Inheritance, |
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52 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping, |
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56 | (1) |
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Classic Pedigree Analysis, |
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56 | (1) |
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Complete Human Gene Map: Prospects and Benefits, |
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57 | (1) |
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Multifactorial Inheritance, |
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57 | (5) |
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3 Epigenetics and Disease, |
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62 | (11) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and Human Development, |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes, |
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65 | (1) |
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Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Long-Term and Multigenerational Persistence of Epigenetic States Induced by Stochastic and Environmental Factors, |
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66 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and Nutrition, |
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66 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and Maternal Care, |
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66 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and Mental Illness, |
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67 | (1) |
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Twin Studies Provide Insights on Epigenetic Modification, |
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68 | (1) |
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Molecular Approaches to Understand Epigenetic Disease, |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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DNA Methylation and Cancer, |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Epigenetic Screening for Cancer, |
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69 | (1) |
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Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Epigenetic Disease, |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
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4 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology, |
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73 | (41) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Dysplasia: Not a True Adaptive Change, |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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General Mechanisms of Cell Injury, |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative Stress, |
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81 | (1) |
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Chemical or Toxic Injury, |
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84 | (1) |
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Unintentional and Intentional Injuries, |
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93 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Immunologic and Inflammatory Injury, |
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96 | (1) |
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Manifestations of Cellular Injury: Accumulations, |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Lipids and Carbohydrates, |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology, |
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107 | (1) |
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Normal Life Span, Life Expectancy, and Quality-Adjusted Life Year, |
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108 | (1) |
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Degenerative Extracellular Changes, |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Tissue and Systemic Aging, |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (5) |
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5 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases, |
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114 | (20) |
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Distribution of Body Fluids and Electrolytes, |
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114 | (1) |
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Water Movement Between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid, |
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115 | (1) |
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Water Movement Between ICF and ECF, |
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115 | (1) |
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Alterations in Water Movement, |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance, |
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116 | (1) |
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Alterations in Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance, |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Alterations in Potassium and Other Electrolytes, |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Other ElectrolytesCalcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium, |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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Pediatric Considerations: Distribution of Body Fluids, |
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131 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Distribution of Body Fluids, |
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131 | (3) |
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Unit 2 Mechanisms of Self-Defense |
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6 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing, |
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134 | (24) |
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Human Defense Mechanisms, |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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First Line of Defense: Physical and Biochemical Barriers and the Human Microbiome, |
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135 | (1) |
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Second Line of Defense: Inflammation, |
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137 | (1) |
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Plasma Protein Systems and Inflammation, |
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138 | (1) |
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Cellular Components of Inflammation, |
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141 | (6) |
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Acute and Chronic Inflammation, |
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147 | (1) |
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Local Manifestations of Acute Inflammation, |
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149 | (1) |
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Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation, |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Phase II: Proliferation and New Tissue Formation, |
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152 | (1) |
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Phase III: Remodeling and Maturation, |
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153 | (1) |
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Dysfunctional Wound Healing, |
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153 | (1) |
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Pediatric Considerations: Age-Related Factors Affecting Innate Immunity in the Newborn Child, |
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154 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Age-Related Factors Affecting Innate Immunity in the Elderly, |
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154 | (4) |
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158 | (18) |
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Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity, |
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158 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Classes of Immunoglobulins, |
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161 | (1) |
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Antigen-Antibody Binding, |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (4) |
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Immune Response: Collaboration of B Cells and T Cells, |
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166 | (1) |
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Generation of Clonal Diversity, |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (5) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Pediatric Considerations: Age-Related Factors Affecting Mechanisms of Self-Defense in the Newborn Child, |
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173 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Age-Related Factors Affecting Mechanisms of Self-Defense in the Elderly, |
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173 | (3) |
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8 Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense, |
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176 | (38) |
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176 | (1) |
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Microorganisms and Humans: A Dynamic Relationship, |
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176 | (1) |
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Countermeasures Against Infectious Microorganisms, |
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187 | (2) |
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Deficiencies in Immunity, |
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189 | (1) |
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Initial Clinical Presentation, |
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189 | (1) |
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Primary (Congenital) Immune Deficiencies, |
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190 | (1) |
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Secondary (Acquired) Immune Deficiencies, |
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192 | (1) |
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Evaluation and Care of Those with Immune Deficiency, |
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193 | (1) |
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Replacement Therapies for Immune Deficiencies, |
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193 | (1) |
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), |
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194 | (5) |
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Hypersensitivity: Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity, |
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199 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity, |
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199 | (1) |
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Antigenic Targets of Hypersensitivity Reactions, |
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206 | (8) |
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214 | (19) |
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Historical Background and General Concepts, |
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214 | (1) |
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Stress Overview: Allostasis, Multiple Mediators, and Systems, |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System, |
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218 | (1) |
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Neuroendocrine Regulation: Autonomic Nervous System, |
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221 | (1) |
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Histamine and Other Hormones, |
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223 | (1) |
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Role of the Immune System, |
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225 | (1) |
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Stress, Personality, Coping, and Illness, |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & the Stress-Age Syndrome, |
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228 | (5) |
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Unit 3 Cellular Proliferation: Cancer |
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233 | (33) |
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Cancer Terminology and Characteristics, |
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233 | (1) |
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Tumor Classification and Nomenclature, |
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233 | (3) |
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The Biology of Cancer Cells, |
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236 | (1) |
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Sustained Proliferative Signaling, |
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238 | (1) |
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Evading Growth Suppressors, |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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Enabling Replication Immortality, |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Reprograming Energy Metabolism, |
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246 | (1) |
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Resisting Apoptotic Cell Death, |
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247 | (1) |
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Tumor-Promoting Inflammation, |
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248 | (1) |
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Evading Immune Destruction, |
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250 | (1) |
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Activating Invasion and Metastasis, |
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251 | (3) |
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Clinical Manifestations of Cancer, |
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254 | (1) |
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Paraneoplastic Syndromes, |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia, |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Diagnosis, Characterization, and Treatment of Cancer, |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Classification of TumorsClassic Histology and Modern Genetics, |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (6) |
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266 | (35) |
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Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue, |
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266 | (1) |
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Incidence and Mortality Trends, |
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272 | (1) |
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In Utero and Early Life Conditions, |
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272 | (1) |
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Environmental-Lifestyle Factors, |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Nutrition, Obesity, Alcohol Consumption, and Physical Activity: Impacts on Cancer, |
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276 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic Radiation, |
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289 | (1) |
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Infection, Sexual and Reproductive Behavior, |
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290 | (1) |
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Other Viruses and Microorganisms, |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Chemical and Occupational Hazards as Carcinogens, |
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293 | (8) |
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12 Cancer in Children and Adolescents, |
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301 | (6) |
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Incidence, Etiology, and Types of Childhood Cancer, |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Genetic and Genomic Factors, |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (2) |
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Part Two Body Systems and Diseases |
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Unit 4 The Neurologic System |
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13 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System, |
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307 | (29) |
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Overview and Organization of the Nervous System, |
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307 | (1) |
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Cells of the Nervous System, |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Neuroglia and Schwann Cells, |
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308 | (1) |
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Nerve Injury and Regeneration, |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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The Central Nervous System, |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Protective Structures of the Central Nervous System, |
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321 | (1) |
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Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System, |
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323 | (2) |
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The Peripheral Nervous System, |
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325 | (1) |
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The Autonomic Nervous System, |
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326 | (1) |
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Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System, |
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327 | (1) |
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Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System, |
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329 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors, |
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329 | (1) |
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Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System, |
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329 | (3) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & the Nervous System, |
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332 | (4) |
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14 Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function, |
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336 | (23) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Clinical Descriptions of Pain, |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (1) |
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Control of Body Temperature, |
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342 | (1) |
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Temperature Regulation in Infants and Elderly Persons, |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Disorders of Temperature Regulation, |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Changes in Hearing, |
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354 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Changes in Olfaction and Taste, |
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354 | (5) |
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15 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function, |
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359 | (31) |
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Alterations in Cognitive Systems, |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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Alterations in Awareness, |
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365 | (1) |
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Data Processing Deficits, |
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367 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics, |
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373 | (1) |
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Increased Intracranial Pressure, |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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Alterations in Neuromotor Function, |
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376 | (1) |
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Alterations in Muscle Tone, |
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376 | (1) |
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Alterations in Muscle Movement, |
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377 | (1) |
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Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Syndromes, |
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381 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, |
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384 | (1) |
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Alterations in Complex Motor Performance, |
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385 | (1) |
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Disorders of Posture (Stance), |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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Extrapyramidal Motor Syndromes, |
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386 | (4) |
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16 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction, |
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390 | (32) |
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Central Nervous System Disorders, |
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390 | (1) |
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Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, |
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390 | (1) |
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Degenerative Disorders of the Spine, |
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400 | (1) |
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Cerebrovascular Disorders, |
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402 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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Infection and Inflammation of the Central Nervous System, |
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408 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders, |
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412 | (1) |
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Peripheral Nervous System Disorders, |
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412 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular Junction Disorders, |
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412 | (2) |
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Tumors of the Central Nervous System, |
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414 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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417 | (5) |
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17 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children, |
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422 | (17) |
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Development of the Nervous System in Children, |
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422 | (1) |
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Structural Malformations, |
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423 | (1) |
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Defects of Neural Tube Closure, |
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423 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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Malformations of Brain Development, |
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427 | (2) |
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Alterations in Function: Encephalopathies, |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the Central Nervous System, |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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Infections of the Central Nervous System, |
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431 | (1) |
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Cerebrovascular Disease in Children, |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders in Children, |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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435 | (4) |
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Unit 5 The Endocrine System |
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18 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation, |
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439 | (21) |
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Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation, |
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439 | (1) |
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Regulation of Hormone Release, |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Hormone Action, |
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440 | (3) |
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Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands, |
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443 | (1) |
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary System, |
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443 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, |
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448 | (1) |
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451 | (1) |
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453 | (4) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Its Effects on Specific Endocrine Glands, |
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457 | (3) |
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19 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation, |
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460 | (30) |
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Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations, |
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460 | (1) |
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Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System, |
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461 | (1) |
|
Diseases of the Posterior Pituitary, |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary, |
|
|
463 | (3) |
|
Alterations of Thyroid Function, |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Thyrotoxicosis/Hypothyroidism, |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Alterations of Parathyroid Function, |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus, |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Types of Diabetes Mellitus, |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, |
|
|
478 | (4) |
|
Alterations of Adrenal Function, |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex, |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Adrenal Medulla, |
|
|
485 | (5) |
|
Unit 6 The Hematologic System |
|
|
|
20 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System, |
|
|
490 | (23) |
|
|
|
Components of the Hematologic System, |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System, |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Development of Blood Cells, |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Development of Erythrocytes, |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Development of Leukocytes, |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Development of Platelets, |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Hemostasis, |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Function of Platelets and Blood Vessels, |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Function of Clotting Factors, |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Retraction and Lysis of Blood Clots, |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Pediatrics & Hematologic Value Changes, |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Aging & Hematologic Value Changes, |
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
21 Alterations of Hematologic Function, |
|
|
513 | (41) |
|
|
|
|
Alterations of Erythrocyte Function, |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Classification of Anemias, |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Macro cytic-Normochromic Anemias, |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Micro cytic-Hypochromic Anemias, |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Normocytic-Normochromic Anemias, |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Myeloproliferative Red Cell Disorders, |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Alterations of Leukocyte Function, |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Quantitative Alterations of Leukocytes, |
|
|
523 | (8) |
|
Alterations of Lymphoid Function, |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (6) |
|
Alterations of Splenic Function, |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Hemorrhagic Disorders and Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation, |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Alterations of Platelet Function, |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Disorders of Coagulation, |
|
|
544 | (10) |
|
22 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children, |
|
|
554 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
Disorders of Erythrocytes, |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
557 | (6) |
|
Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets, |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Inherited Hemorrhagic Disease, |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Antibody-Mediated Hemorrhagic Disease, |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
566 | (3) |
|
Unit 7 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems |
|
|
|
23 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, |
|
|
569 | (29) |
|
|
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Structures That Direct Circulation Through the Heart, |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Structures That Support Cardiac Metabolism: The Coronary Vessels, |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Structures That Control Heart Action, |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Cardiac Output, |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
The Systemic Circulation, |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Structure of Blood Vessels, |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Blood Flow, |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Blood Pressure, |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Regulation of the Coronary Circulation, |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (6) |
|
24 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function, |
|
|
598 | (57) |
|
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous Insufficiency, |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Thrombus Formation in Veins, |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Diseases of the Arteries, |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension, |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Peripheral Vascular Disease, |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Peripheral Artery Disease, |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Ischemia, and Acute Coronary Syndromes, |
|
|
610 | (12) |
|
Disorders of the Heart Wall, |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Pericardium, |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Myocardium: The Cardiomyopathies, |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Endocardium, |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Complications in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Manifestations of Heart Disease, |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Impairment of Cellular Metabolism, |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Shock, |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, |
|
|
646 | (9) |
|
25 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children, |
|
|
655 | (16) |
|
|
|
Congenital Heart Disease, |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
Defects with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow, |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Defects with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow, |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders, |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
667 | (4) |
|
Unit 8 The Pulmonary System |
|
|
|
26 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System, |
|
|
671 | (16) |
|
|
Structures of the Pulmonary System, |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary and Bronchial Circulation, |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
Control of the Pulmonary Circulation, |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Function of the Pulmonary System, |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
Neurochemical Control of Ventilation, |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (4) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & the Pulmonary System, |
|
|
684 | (3) |
|
27 Alterations of Pulmonary Function, |
|
|
687 | (28) |
|
|
|
Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations, |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease, |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Conditions Caused by Pulmonary Disease or Injury, |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Chest Wall and Pleura, |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (2) |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Restrictive Lung Diseases, |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Obstructive Lung Diseases, |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
Respiratory Tract Infections, |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Vascular Disease, |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Malignancies of the Respiratory Tract, |
|
|
709 | (6) |
|
28 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children, |
|
|
715 | (15) |
|
|
|
Disorders of the Upper Airways, |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
Infections of the Upper Airways, |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
Aspiration of Foreign Bodies, |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Lower Airways, |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn, |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
Respiratory Tract Infections, |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Bronchiolitis Obliterans, |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), |
|
|
726 | (4) |
|
Unit 9 The Renal and Urologic Systems |
|
|
|
29 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems, |
|
|
730 | (17) |
|
|
Structures of the Renal System, |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
Structures of the Kidney, |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
Autoregulation of Intrarenal Blood Flow, |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
Neural Regulation of Renal Blood Flow, |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
Hormones and Other Factors Regulating Renal Blood Flow, |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
Hormones and Nephron Function, |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
Plasma Creatinine Concentration, |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Pediatric Considerations: Pediatrics & Renal Function, |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Renal Function, |
|
|
743 | (4) |
|
30 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function, |
|
|
747 | (23) |
|
|
Urinary Tract Obstruction, |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction, |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction, |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
|
751 | (2) |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Causes of Urinary Tract Infection, |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Types of Urinary Tract Infection, |
|
|
753 | (2) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes, |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
Classification of Kidney Dysfunction, |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
760 | (3) |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
Creatinine and Urea Clearance, |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Calcium, Phosphate, and Bone, |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat Metabolism, |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (4) |
|
31 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children, |
|
|
770 | (9) |
|
|
|
Structural Abnormalities, |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
Epispadias and Exstrophy of the Bladder, |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
Bladder Outlet Obstruction, |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction, |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Hypoplastic/Dysplastic Kidneys, |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Polycystic Kidney Disease, |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy, |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
Urinary Tract Infections, |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
776 | (3) |
|
Unit 10 The Reproductive Systems |
|
|
|
32 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems, |
|
|
779 | (23) |
|
|
|
|
Development of the Reproductive Systems, |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
Sexual Differentiation in Utero, |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
Puberty and Reproductive Maturation, |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
The Female Reproductive System, |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
Menstrual (Ovarian) Cycle, |
|
|
788 | (3) |
|
Structure and Function of the Breast, |
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
The Male Reproductive System, |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Male Sex and Reproductive Hormones, |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Aging & Reproductive Function, |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
Aging and the Female Reproductive System, |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
Aging and the Male Reproductive System, |
|
|
798 | (4) |
|
33 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System, |
|
|
802 | (52) |
|
|
|
Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive Tract, |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
Alterations of Sexual Maturation, |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
Delayed or Absent Puberty, |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System, |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Hormonal and Menstrual Alterations, |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Infection and Inflammation, |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
Benign Growths and Proliferative Conditions, |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Female Breast, |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Benign Breast Disease and Conditions, |
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
833 | (21) |
|
34 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System, |
|
|
854 | (30) |
|
|
|
Alterations of Sexual Maturation, |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
Delayed or Absent Puberty, |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System, |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Urethra, |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Scrotum, Testis, and Epididymis, |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Prostate Gland, |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
|
873 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Male Breast, |
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
|
877 | (1) |
|
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, |
|
|
877 | (7) |
|
Unit 11 The Digestive System |
|
|
|
35 Structure and Function of the Digestive System, |
|
|
884 | (22) |
|
|
The Gastrointestinal Tract, |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Accessory Organs of Digestion, |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (3) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & the Gastrointestinal System, |
|
|
903 | (3) |
|
36 Alterations of Digestive Function, |
|
|
906 | (44) |
|
|
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract, |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction, |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
Diverticular Disease of the Colon, |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency, |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
|
924 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion, |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
Common Complications of Liver Disorders, |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Gallbladder, |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Pancreas, |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Digestive System, |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract, |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Accessory Organs of Digestion, |
|
|
941 | (9) |
|
37 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children, |
|
|
950 | (18) |
|
|
|
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract, |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Congenital Impairment of Motility, |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Acquired Impairment of Motility, |
|
|
954 | (1) |
|
Impairment of Digestion, Absorption, and Nutrition, |
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
Disorders of Biliary Metabolism and Transport, |
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
962 | (1) |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
963 | (5) |
|
Unit 12 The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems |
|
|
|
38 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System, |
|
|
968 | (23) |
|
Christy L. Crowther-Radulewicz |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of Bones, |
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
|
972 | (1) |
|
|
973 | (1) |
|
Maintenance of Bone Integrity, |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Joints, |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles, |
|
|
978 | (1) |
|
|
978 | (1) |
|
Components of Muscle Function, |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
Aging & the Musculoskeletal System, |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
|
987 | (4) |
|
39 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function, |
|
|
991 | (47) |
|
Christy L. Crowther-Radulewicz |
|
|
|
Musculoskeletal Injuries, |
|
|
991 | (1) |
|
|
991 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (5) |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
Infectious Bone Disease: Osteomyelitis, |
|
|
1007 | (2) |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
Classic Inflammatory Joint Disease, |
|
|
1012 | (9) |
|
Disorders of Skeletal Muscle, |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
Secondary Muscular Dysfunction, |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Muscle Membrane Abnormalities, |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Metabolic Muscle Diseases, |
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
Inflammatory Muscle Diseases: Myositis, |
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
1027 | (1) |
|
|
1027 | (1) |
|
|
1031 | (7) |
|
40 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children, |
|
|
1038 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (2) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1042 | (1) |
|
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, |
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
Osgood-Schlatter Disease, |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
1046 | (1) |
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, |
|
|
1046 | (1) |
|
Becker Muscular Dystrophy, |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy, |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
1048 | (2) |
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
Fractures in Nonaccidental Trauma, |
|
|
1050 | (3) |
|
41 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument, |
|
|
1053 | (31) |
|
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Skin, |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Skin Dysfunction, |
|
|
1055 | (5) |
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
Papulosquamous Disorders, |
|
|
1062 | (1) |
|
Vesiculobullous Diseases, |
|
|
1065 | (1) |
|
|
1066 | (1) |
|
|
1068 | (1) |
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
1074 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Changes in Skin Integrity, |
|
|
1079 | (5) |
|
42 Alterations of the Integument in Children, |
|
|
1084 | |
|
|
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
|
1088 | (3) |
|
Insect Bites and Parasites, |
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
Pediculosis (Lice Infestation), |
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
|
1092 | (1) |
|
Cutaneous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations, |
|
|
1092 | (1) |
|
|
1092 | (1) |
|
Cutaneous Vascular Malformations, |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum, |
|
|
1094 | |
Understanding Pathophysiology: Study Guide |
|
|
|
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
2 Genes and Genetic Diseases, |
|
|
5 | (4) |
|
3 Epigenetics and Disease, |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
4 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology, |
|
|
13 | (6) |
|
5 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases, |
|
|
19 | (8) |
|
Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defense |
|
|
|
6 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing, |
|
|
27 | (6) |
|
|
33 | (4) |
|
8 Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense, |
|
|
37 | (8) |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
Unit 3: Cellular Proliferation: Cancer |
|
|
|
|
49 | (6) |
|
|
55 | (4) |
|
12 Cancer in Children and Adolescents, |
|
|
59 | (4) |
|
Unit 4: The Neurologic System |
|
|
|
13 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System, |
|
|
63 | (6) |
|
14 Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function, |
|
|
69 | (6) |
|
15 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function, |
|
|
75 | (8) |
|
16 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction, |
|
|
83 | (6) |
|
17 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children, |
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
Unit 5: The Endocrine System |
|
|
|
18 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation, |
|
|
93 | (6) |
|
19 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation, |
|
|
99 | (6) |
|
Unit 6: The Hematologic System |
|
|
|
20 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System, |
|
|
105 | (6) |
|
21 Alterations of Hematologic Function, |
|
|
111 | (8) |
|
22 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children, |
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
Unit 7: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems |
|
|
|
23 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, |
|
|
123 | (8) |
|
24 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function, |
|
|
131 | (8) |
|
25 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children, |
|
|
139 | (6) |
|
Unit 8: The Pulmonary System |
|
|
|
26 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System, |
|
|
145 | (6) |
|
27 Alterations of Pulmonary Function, |
|
|
151 | (10) |
|
28 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children, |
|
|
161 | (6) |
|
Unit 9: The Renal and Urologic Systems |
|
|
|
29 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems, |
|
|
167 | (6) |
|
30 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function, |
|
|
173 | (6) |
|
31 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children, |
|
|
179 | (4) |
|
Unit 10: The Reproductive Systems |
|
|
|
32 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems, |
|
|
183 | (4) |
|
33 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System, |
|
|
187 | (8) |
|
34 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System, |
|
|
195 | (4) |
|
Unit 11: The Digestive System |
|
|
|
35 Structure and Function of the Digestive System, |
|
|
199 | (6) |
|
36 Alterations of Digestive Function, |
|
|
205 | (8) |
|
37 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children, |
|
|
213 | (4) |
|
Unit 12: The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems |
|
|
|
38 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System, |
|
|
217 | (6) |
|
39 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function, |
|
|
223 | (8) |
|
40 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children, |
|
|
231 | (4) |
|
41 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument, |
|
|
235 | (8) |
|
42 Alterations of the Integument in Children, |
|
|
243 | (6) |
|
|
249 | |