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E-grāmata: Unifying Causality and Psychology: Being, Brain, and Behavior

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  • Izdošanas datums: 17-May-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319240947
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-May-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319240947

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This magistral treatise approaches the integration of psychology through the study of the multiple causes of normal and dysfunctional behavior. Causality is the focal point reviewed across disciplines. Using diverse models, the book approaches unifying psychology as an ongoing project that integrates genetics, experience, evolution, brain, development, change mechanisms, and so on. The book includes in its integration free will, epitomized as freedom in being. It pinpoints the role of the self in causality and the freedom we have in determining our own behavior. The book deals with disturbed behavior, as well, and tackles the DSM-5 approach to mental disorder and the etiology of psychopathology. Young examines all these topics with a critical eye, and gives many innovative ideas and models that will stimulate thinking on the topic of psychology and causality for decades to come. It is truly integrative and original.





Among the topics covered:



Models and systems of causality of behavior.



Nature and nurture: evolution and complexities.

Early adversity, fetal programming, and getting under the skin.

Free will in psychotherapy: helping people believe.

Causality in psychological injury and law: basics and critics.

A Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian 25-step (sub)stage model.

Unifying Causality and Psychology appeals to the disciplines of psychology, psychiatry, epidemiology, philosophy, neuroscience, genetics, law, the social sciences and humanistic fields, in general, and other mental health fields. Its level of writing makes it appropriate for graduate courses, as well as researchers and practitioners.
Part I Core Causality in Behavior: Foundations and Models
1 Brief Book Description and Book Assumptions
3(20)
Chapter Introduction
3(2)
Goal
3(2)
Outline
5(1)
Axes
5(1)
Unifying Causality and Psychology: Being, Brain, and Behavior
5(5)
Preamble: The Causal Self, Freedom in Being, Stages, and Unifying Psychology
5(5)
Chapter Introduction
10(1)
Book Parts
11(1)
Parts
11(1)
Comment
11(1)
The Broader Context
12(2)
Integrations
12(1)
Causality
12(2)
Limitations
14(1)
Assumptions
14(6)
General
14(1)
Specifics
15(1)
Biopsychosocial
16(1)
Change
17(1)
Systems and Axes
17(2)
Integration, Exceptionalism, and Essence
19(1)
Chapter Conclusions
20(1)
References
20(3)
2 Overview of Book Parts and
Chapter by
Chapter Overview
23(22)
Chapter Introduction
23(1)
Parts of the Book
23(1)
Introduction
23(1)
Parts
23(1)
Conclusion
24(1)
Part I: Core Causality in Behavior: Foundations and Models
24(1)
Part II: Biology and Revolutions
24(1)
Part III: Normal and Abnormal Development and Free Will: Normal Development and Free Will
25(1)
Part IV: Abnormalities in Development and the DSM-5
26(1)
Part V: Personal Contributions to the Study of Causality in Behavior: New Models
26(1)
Part VI: The Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian Model
27(1)
Conclusion
27(1)
Chapter Descriptions
28(1)
Part I: Core Causality in Behavior: Foundations and Models
28(4)
Part II: Biology and Revolutions
32(3)
Part III: Normal and Abnormal Development and Free Will: Normal Development and Free Will
35(3)
Part IV: Abnormalities in Development and the DSM-5
38(3)
Part V: Personal Contributions to the Study of Causality in Behavior: New Models
41(1)
Part VI: The Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian Model
42(2)
Chapter Conclusions
44(1)
References
44(1)
3 Introducing Causality in Psychology
45(26)
Chapter Introduction
45(1)
Causality in Psychology
46(3)
Introduction
46(1)
Causal Reasoning Skills Training
47(1)
History
48(1)
Critical Terms
48(1)
Critical Concepts
49(6)
Reducing Reductionism
49(1)
Hot vs. Cold Causality
49(1)
Causal Streams and Three Major Causality Axes
49(1)
Mechanism
50(1)
Genetics/Epigenetics
50(2)
Evolution
52(1)
Development
53(1)
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
54(1)
Dimensions
54(1)
Further Elaboration of the Three Major Axes in Causality Study
55(4)
Dimensional Causality Model
55(2)
The Causality Landscape
57(2)
Free Will
59(2)
Concept
59(1)
Comment
59(1)
Freedom in Being
60(1)
Biopsychosocial Causality
60(1)
Mechanism
61(2)
Model
61(2)
Big History
63(1)
Mapping
63(5)
Model
63(2)
Comment
65(1)
Model
65(1)
Comment
65(1)
Model
66(1)
Comment
66(1)
Conclusion
66(2)
Chapter Conclusions
68(1)
References
68(3)
4 Causality in Philosophy; Philosophy in Psychology
71(22)
Chapter Introduction
71(1)
The Constitution and Construction of Reality
72(4)
Reductionism and Constructivism
72(1)
Neoconstructivism
73(1)
Determinism and Indeterminism
74(1)
Co-Existentialism
74(1)
Comment
75(1)
Free Will, Causality Modeling, and Philosophy
76(1)
Neurophilosophy and Free Will
76(4)
Emergence
76(1)
Networks
77(3)
Comment
80(1)
Philosophy and Free Will
80(4)
Schools
80(1)
A Compatible Semi-Compatibilism
80(2)
A New Semi-Compatibilism Model
82(2)
Causality in Philosophy
84(1)
Introduction
84(1)
Interventionism
84(1)
Dispositionalism
84(1)
Mechanism
85(1)
Comment
85(1)
Relationism
85(2)
Model
85(1)
Supporting Work
86(1)
Comment
87(1)
Kuhnian Paradigms
87(1)
Chapter Conclusions
87(1)
References
88(5)
5 Models and Systems of Causality of Behavior
93(28)
Chapter Introduction
93(1)
Introduction
93(1)
Biopsychosocial Model
94(4)
Model
94(4)
Interim Conclusions
98(1)
The Embodiment Model
98(8)
Cognition Embodied
98(1)
Embodied Cognition
99(1)
Social/Emotional
100(1)
Evidence
101(2)
Extensions
103(2)
Causation
105(1)
Interim Conclusions
106(1)
Systems Models and Causality
106(3)
Introduction
106(1)
Complex Adaptive Systems
107(2)
Systems
109(5)
Model
109(2)
Applications
111(1)
Brain
112(1)
Integrating the Models
113(1)
Chapter Conclusions
114(1)
References
114(7)
6 Statistical Concepts and Networks in Causality
121(30)
Chapter Introduction
121(1)
Testing and Causality
122(2)
Introduction
122(1)
Testing
122(1)
Causality
123(1)
Statistical Causal Modeling
124(1)
Introduction
124(1)
Models
124(1)
Comment
125(1)
Epidemiology
125(2)
Introduction
125(1)
Statistical Models
125(2)
Comment
127(1)
Bayesian Approach
127(2)
Introduction
127(1)
Models
127(2)
Conclusion
129(1)
Methods
129(2)
Introduction
129(1)
Designs
130(1)
Statistical Strategies
131(1)
Causal Mediation
131(2)
Introduction
131(1)
Statistical Strategies
131(2)
Comment
133(1)
Applications
133(3)
Psychopathology
133(1)
Other Areas
134(2)
Comment
136(1)
Brain
136(1)
Granger Causality
136(1)
Comment
137(1)
Ecology
137(2)
Interventions
137(1)
Granger Causality
137(1)
Convergent Cross-Mapping
138(1)
Comment
138(1)
PTSD Networks
139(4)
Concept
139(1)
Comment
140(1)
Related Research
141(2)
Comment
143(1)
Chapter Conclusions
143(1)
References
143(8)
Part II Biology and Revolutions
7 Brain: The Neuronal Network Revolution
151(26)
Chapter Introduction
151(1)
Introduction
151(1)
Networks
152(2)
Introduction
152(1)
Brain
152(1)
Comment
153(1)
Connectome
154(4)
Model
154(1)
Terms
154(2)
Systems
156(1)
Evidence
157(1)
Conclusions
158(1)
Core Networks
158(4)
Model
158(1)
Systems
159(1)
Evidence
160(2)
Comment
162(1)
Free Energy and Surprise
162(5)
Model
162(2)
Systems
164(1)
Neurons
164(3)
Connectome
167(1)
Comment
167(1)
Cells
167(3)
Concept Cells
167(2)
Astrocytes
169(1)
Comment
169(1)
Psychological Networks
170(2)
Comment
172(1)
Chapter Conclusions
172(1)
References
173(4)
8 Lateralization and Specialization of the Brain
177(24)
Chapter Introduction
177(1)
Lateralization and Specialization Development by Age Period
178(7)
Prenatal
178(1)
Neonates
179(2)
First Year
181(1)
One Year
182(1)
Year Two
182(1)
Children
183(2)
Other Developmental Topics
185(4)
Networks
185(1)
Differential Susceptibility
185(1)
Language Development
186(2)
Comment
188(1)
Inhibition in Children
188(1)
Inhibition in Adults
189(5)
Model
189(1)
Concepts Consistent with the Present Model
190(1)
Evidence
191(3)
Evolution
194(1)
Doubts
194(1)
Chapter Conclusions
194(1)
References
195(6)
9 The Genetics Revolution
201(26)
Chapter Introduction
201(1)
Introduction
201(1)
Neogenomics and G x E
202(5)
Introduction
202(1)
Terms
202(1)
Behavior Genetics
202(1)
SNPs and CNVs
203(1)
Epigenetics
203(1)
Programming
204(1)
GWAS
204(2)
Phenotypic Plasticity
206(1)
Causality
206(1)
Comment
206(1)
Genetics and Behavior
207(3)
Introduction
207(1)
Dopamine Genes
207(1)
G x G
208(1)
G x E
208(1)
Attention and Genes
208(1)
Reward and Genes
209(1)
Comment
209(1)
Applications
210(1)
Introduction
210(1)
ADHD
210(1)
ASC
210(1)
Missing Heritability
210(4)
Methodology Explains
210(1)
Hypercomplexity Explains
211(2)
GCTA Resolves
213(1)
Commonalities and Pleiotropy in Psychopathology
214(3)
Explanation
214(1)
General p Factor
215(1)
Generalist Genes
216(1)
Others
217(1)
Comment
217(1)
Child Genomics
217(1)
Reaction Range
218(2)
Model
218(1)
Evidence
219(1)
Conclusion
219(1)
Genes/Causality
220(1)
Chapter Conclusions
221(1)
Phenome
221(1)
Evolvability
221(1)
Versatility
221(1)
Loveome
221(1)
References
221(6)
10 Gene x Environment Interaction: The Environmental Revolution
227(28)
Chapter Introduction
227(1)
The G x E Model
227(8)
Candidate Genes
227(2)
Comment
229(1)
Complexities
229(6)
Comment
235(1)
Recent Empirical Research
235(9)
Externalizing
235(5)
Internalizing
240(3)
Comment
243(1)
(G x E) x Development
244(3)
Comment
247(1)
Chapter Conclusions
247(1)
References
248(7)
11 Genes and Environments: The Person Revolution
255(20)
Chapter Introduction
255(1)
Epigenetics
255(6)
DNA Methylation
255(1)
Effects
256(1)
Applications
257(1)
Extensions
258(2)
Comment
260(1)
Externalizing
260(1)
Internalizing
260(1)
Comment
261(1)
Correlated Gene x Environment
261(4)
Psychopathology and rGE
261(4)
Cultural Neuroscience
265(4)
5-HTTLPR
265(3)
OXTR
268(1)
DRD4
268(1)
Comments
269(1)
Chapter Conclusions
269(1)
References
270(5)
12 Nature and Nurture: Evolution and Complexities
275(30)
Chapter Introduction
275(1)
Evolution
275(2)
Epigenesis
277(1)
Systems
277(3)
Complexity
280(1)
Niche Construction
280(5)
Development
285(2)
Nature and Nurture (and Ourselves)
287(5)
Intelligence
287(2)
Neuroticism
289(3)
Social Genomics
292(4)
Model
292(2)
CTRA
294(1)
RNA
294(1)
Comment
294(1)
Evidence
295(1)
Health
295(1)
Chapter Conclusions
296(2)
References
298(7)
Part III Normal and Abnormal Development and Free Will: Normal Development and Free Will
13 Differential Susceptibility: Orchids, Dandelions, and the Flowering of Developmental Psychology
305(26)
Chapter Introduction
305(1)
Differential Susceptibility
305(7)
Model
306(6)
Elaborations
312(4)
Belsky and Colleagues
312(3)
Ellis and Colleagues
315(1)
Conclusions
316(1)
Extensions
317(1)
Life History Theory
318(2)
Recent Research
320(5)
Supportive Research
320(4)
Nonsupportive Research
324(1)
Conclusion
324(1)
Chapter Conclusions
325(1)
References
325(6)
14 Early Adversity, Fetal Programming, and Getting Under the Skin
331(24)
Chapter Introduction
331(1)
Enduring Effects
331(2)
Model
331(1)
Evidence
332(1)
Comment
333(1)
Allostasis and Allostatic Load Model
333(3)
Model
333(2)
Evidence
335(1)
Comment
336(1)
Differential Susceptibility
336(1)
Model
336(1)
Evidence
336(1)
Comment
337(1)
Adaptive Calibration Model
337(1)
Stress Generation
338(3)
Model
338(1)
Evidence
339(1)
Comment
340(1)
Genes and Environments
341(1)
Environment
341(3)
Support
341(2)
Preconception
343(1)
Socioeconomic Status/Poverty
343(1)
Other Work
344(4)
Attachment
344(2)
Early Adversity
346(1)
Inflammation
347(1)
Brain
347(1)
Coping
347(1)
Biopsychosocial Findings
348(1)
Genes and Environment Contribution
348(1)
The Personal Contributions
349(1)
Comment
349(1)
Chapter Conclusions
349(1)
References
350(5)
15 Connecting the Social Dots
355(32)
Chapter Introduction
355(1)
Biology
356(8)
Biobehavioral Synchrony
356(1)
Activation/Inhibition Coordination
357(1)
Brain
357(2)
Brain, Cognitive, and Social
359(1)
Embodiment
360(4)
Evolution
364(2)
Nonhuman Primates
364(2)
Culture
366(1)
Development
367(2)
Models
367(2)
Developmental Research Review
369(5)
Year 1 and Before
369(2)
Year 2
371(2)
Children
373(1)
Applications
374(2)
Public Good
374(1)
Politics
375(1)
Self
376(1)
Model
376(1)
Comment
377(1)
Chapter Conclusions
377(3)
Piaget Missing
377(1)
Research Review
378(1)
Piaget
378(1)
Explaining the Review According to Piaget
379(1)
Conclusion
380(1)
References
380(7)
16 Causal Learning: Understanding the World
387(30)
Chapter Introduction
387(1)
Bayesian Learning Model
387(4)
Introduction
387(1)
Model
388(1)
Research
388(1)
Elaboration
389(2)
Comment
391(1)
Piagetian Contributions to Understanding Causal Learning
391(6)
Piaget on Causality
391(1)
Rational Construction
391(2)
Construction and Computation
393(1)
Observation
394(3)
Natural Pedagogy
397(1)
Integrating Bayes and Piaget
397(2)
Rational Constructivism
397(2)
Changes by Age in Causal Learning
399(11)
Newborns
400(1)
Comment
400(1)
Young Infants
400(2)
Comment
402(1)
One- to Two-Year-Olds
402(2)
Comment
404(1)
Children
405(2)
Comment
407(1)
Adults
407(3)
Comment
410(1)
Chapter Conclusions
410(1)
References
410(7)
17 Developing the Mind, Minding Development
417(34)
Chapter Introduction
417(1)
Major Acquisitions of Mind
417(3)
Theory of Mind in Early Childhood
417(3)
Beyond Infancy
420(1)
Children
420(1)
Adults
420(1)
Comment
421(1)
Executive Function
421(3)
Infants
421(1)
Children
421(2)
Adults
423(1)
Comment
424(1)
Inhibition
424(2)
Early
424(1)
Children
425(1)
Piaget
425(1)
Adults
425(1)
Comment
426(1)
Major Developmental Models Related to Mind
426(2)
Biopsychosocial Model
426(2)
Embodiment
428(5)
Introduction
428(1)
Embodiment and Relational Development
429(1)
Piaget
429(2)
Reaching for the Mind
431(1)
Mirror Neurons
432(1)
Embodiment by Age Period
433(4)
Prenatal
433(1)
Neonatal
433(1)
First 6 Months
433(1)
6-12 Months
434(1)
Year 2
435(1)
Children
436(1)
Adults
437(1)
System Theory
437(4)
General Model
437(3)
Neural Model
440(1)
Comment
441(1)
Chapter Conclusions
441(1)
References
442(9)
18 Free Will in Behavior: Believing Makes It So
451(26)
Chapter Introduction
451(1)
Philosophy
451(3)
Views
451(3)
Free Will from a Psychological Perspective
454(4)
Free Will Psychology
454(1)
Belief in Free Will
455(1)
Lay Belief
456(1)
Conformity
457(1)
Individual Differences
458(2)
Introduction
458(1)
Model
458(1)
Comment
459(1)
Motivation
459(1)
Consciousness
460(5)
Introduction
460(1)
Baumeister
460(1)
Bargh
461(2)
Others
463(2)
Development of Free Will
465(1)
Model
465(1)
Comment
466(1)
Evolution
466(1)
Model
466(1)
Comment
466(1)
The Brain and Free Will
467(3)
Model
467(1)
Comment
467(3)
The Politics of Free Will
470(1)
Model
470(1)
Comment
471(1)
Chapter Conclusions
471(1)
References
472(5)
19 An Integrated Model of "Free Will" and New Free Will Questionnaires
477(36)
Chapter Introduction
477(1)
Depletion
477(8)
Introduction
477(1)
Glucose
478(1)
Personal Belief/Will Power
478(1)
Embodiment
479(1)
Social
479(1)
Brain
480(1)
Inhibition
481(2)
Motivation
483(1)
Cognitive
484(1)
Self
484(1)
Comment
485(1)
Self-Regulation
485(2)
Introduction
485(1)
Social
485(1)
Biological
486(1)
Personal
486(1)
Dual-Process Models
487(4)
Models
487(1)
Types
488(1)
Brain
489(1)
Piaget
489(1)
Comment
490(1)
A Combined Biopsychosocial/Depletion, Dual-Process/Consciousness-Unconsciousness Model in Behavioral Causality
491(2)
Introduction
491(1)
Model
491(1)
Evidence
491(2)
Comment
493(1)
Free Will and Depletion Questionnaires
493(9)
Introduction
493(1)
Extant Free Will Questionnaires
493(2)
Proposed New Scale on Free Will
495(6)
Belief in Free Will/Determinism
501(1)
Depletion
502(1)
Belief and Passion as Part of Behavioral Causation and Causality Engines
502(4)
Introduction
502(1)
Belief
503(1)
Passion
503(3)
Chapter Conclusions
506(1)
References
507(6)
Part IV Abnormalities in Development and the DSM-5
20 Free Will in Psychotherapy: Helping People Believe
513(22)
Chapter Introduction
513(1)
Free will in Psychotherapy
513(2)
Introduction
513(1)
Model
514(1)
Helping People Believe
515(1)
Introduction
515(1)
Self-Control in Free Will
515(1)
Comment
516(1)
The Transdiagnostic Psychotherapeutic Module on Free Will Belief and Change
516(12)
Introduction
516(1)
Functional Perspective
517(1)
Deception
517(1)
Daily Life
518(1)
Self-Regulation
519(1)
Consciousness
520(2)
Reasoning and Motivation
522(1)
Meaning
523(2)
Change
525(1)
Stage
526(1)
Addictions
527(1)
Comment
528(1)
Growth
528(3)
Post-Trauma
528(1)
My Model
529(2)
Chapter Conclusions
531(1)
References
531(4)
21 PTSD: Traumatic Causation
535(30)
Chapter Introduction
535(1)
Introduction
535(2)
DSM-5
535(1)
Epidemiology
536(1)
Pathways
536(1)
Modeling
537(3)
Major Models
537(1)
Fear Model
537(2)
Comment
539(1)
Endophenotypes
540(1)
Introduction
540(1)
Model
540(1)
Comment
540(1)
Genes
540(2)
Candidate Genes
541(1)
Heritability
542(1)
Evidence
542(1)
Comment
542(1)
GWAS
542(1)
Evidence
542(1)
Comment
543(1)
Epigenesis
543(5)
Introduction
543(1)
Model
544(1)
Fear
544(1)
Abuse
544(1)
Stress
545(2)
Programming
547(1)
Applications
548(1)
Conclusion
548(1)
Brain
548(4)
Introduction
548(1)
Imaging
549(1)
Neurocircuitry
549(2)
Networks
551(1)
Comment
552(1)
Neuroendocrine
552(1)
Neuropsychology
552(1)
Neurogenesis
552(1)
Synapses
552(1)
Neurogenesis
553(1)
Comment
553(1)
HPA Axis
553(1)
Research
553(1)
Comment
554(1)
Pathways
554(1)
Evidence
554(1)
Comment
555(1)
Allostasis
555(1)
Research
555(1)
Comment
556(1)
Five Factor Model
556(1)
Research
556(1)
Comment
557(1)
Chapter Conclusions
557(1)
References
558(7)
22 DSM-5: Basics and Critics
565(26)
Chapter Introduction
565(1)
Introduction
565(1)
Goals
566(1)
Assumptions
567(2)
Science and Utility
567(1)
Etiology
567(1)
Biopsychosocial
568(1)
The DSM in Detail
569(3)
Preface
569(1)
Introduction
570(1)
Forensics
571(1)
Comment
571(1)
Specific Changes in the DSM-5 and Their Critique
572(5)
Changes
572(1)
Comment
572(4)
Supporting DSM-5
576(1)
Critiquing DSM-5
577(7)
General Critique
577(1)
Paris (2013)
577(2)
Paris and Phillips (2013)
579(1)
Comment
580(1)
Others
580(2)
Forensic Critique
582(1)
DSM-5 Field Trial Critique
582(2)
Defining Mental Disorder in the DSM-5
584(1)
The WHODAS 2.0
584(4)
Instrument
586(1)
Critique
587(1)
Conclusion
587(1)
Chapter Conclusions
588(1)
References
588(3)
23 The DSM-5 and the RDoC: Grand Designs and Grander Problems
591(20)
Chapter Introduction
591(1)
Research Domain Criteria
591(5)
Introduction
591(1)
Comment
592(1)
Endophenotype and the RDoC
592(1)
Development
593(1)
Comment
593(1)
Not Reductionistic
593(1)
Comment
593(1)
Epigenesis
594(1)
Comment
594(1)
DSM-5
595(1)
Comment
595(1)
Most Recent Criticisms
595(1)
Comment
596(1)
The DSM-5 and Psychological Injuries
596(1)
PTSD in the DSM-5
597(9)
Description and Concerns
597(1)
Other
598(2)
Supportive Research
600(2)
Criticisms
602(4)
Chapter Conclusions
606(1)
References
607(4)
24 The Disordered DSM-5 Disorders
611(18)
Chapter Introduction
611(1)
Neurocognitive Disorder
611(2)
Somatic Symptom Disorder
613(4)
Chronic Pain in the DSM-IV-TR
613(1)
Chronic Pain in the DSM-5
613(1)
Somatic Symptom Disorder in the DSM-5
614(1)
My Specific Concerns for SSD
615(1)
Alternative Diagnoses Involving Pain in the DSM-5
616(1)
Recommendations for the DSM-5.1
617(3)
Understanding Chronic Pain
617(1)
Chronic Pain Complications Disorder
617(3)
Painful Conclusions
620(1)
Other DSM-5 Considerations
620(4)
Personality Disorder
620(1)
Depression
621(1)
Malingering
622(2)
Comment
624(1)
The ICD-11
624(2)
Complex PTSD
624(1)
Evidence
625(1)
Conclusions
625(1)
Chapter Conclusions
626(1)
References
626(3)
25 DSM-5: Recommendations
629(24)
Chapter Introduction
629(1)
Causality and Etiology in Psychology and Psychiatry
629(5)
Concepts
630(2)
Epigenetics
632(1)
Other Considerations
632(2)
A Combined Top-Down/Bottom-Up Integrated Causal (Etiological) Model of Mental Disorder
634(1)
Endophenotypes
635(4)
Concept
635(4)
Interim Conclusion
639(1)
Recommendations
640(6)
An Endophenotypic Model
640(1)
Critique
641(1)
Modeling
642(1)
Practice
643(3)
Ethics
646(1)
Chapter Conclusions
646(3)
For DSM-5 and Etiology
646(1)
For Assessment
646(2)
For Reports/Court
648(1)
References
649(4)
Part V Personal Contributions to the Study of Causality in Behavior: New Models
26 Causality in Psychological Injury and Law: Basics and Critics
653(20)
Chapter Introduction
653(1)
Introduction
653(1)
Causality and Causation Terms in Law
654(3)
Law
654(1)
Causality and Causation
655(1)
New Terms
656(1)
Negligence and Law
657(1)
Psychological Injury and Law
658(3)
Medical Injury and Law
661(1)
Psychological Causality in Criminal Cases
662(7)
Introduction
662(1)
Biopsychosocial Model
663(1)
Mens Rea
664(2)
Neurolaw
666(2)
New Term
668(1)
Chapter Conclusions
669(1)
References
670(3)
27 Causality in Psychological Injury and Law: Models
673(26)
Chapter Introduction
673(1)
Iatrogenesis in Psychological Injury
674(2)
Terms
674(1)
Context
675(1)
How Systemic Factors Influence Outcome in Psychological Injury
676(5)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
676(1)
Traumatic Brain Injury
677(1)
Pain
677(2)
Compensation Neurosis
679(1)
Conclusion
680(1)
New Model of Causation in Psychological Injury, Including latrogenesis
681(6)
Introduction
681(1)
Coping
681(2)
Psycho-Ecological Model
683(1)
Biases
684(3)
Iatrogenesis
687(7)
Introduction
687(1)
Other Models
687(2)
My Integrated Model of Causality in Psychological Injury and Complicating Factors, Including Iatrogenesis
689(5)
Chapter Conclusions
694(1)
Summary
694(1)
Recommendations
694(1)
References
695(4)
28 Stimulus-Organism-Response Model: SORing to New Heights
699(20)
Chapter Introduction
699(1)
History
699(1)
Contemporary Theory
700(1)
Fuzziness
700(1)
Comment
700(1)
What Is a Fuzzy Stimulus?
700(3)
Precursors
700(1)
Model
701(1)
Others
702(1)
What Is a Fuzzy Organism?
703(1)
What Is Fuzzy Response?
703(1)
What Is a Fuzzy System?
703(1)
Revised S-O-R Model
704(7)
Model
704(4)
Stimuli
708(1)
Organism
708(1)
Response
709(1)
Further Details
710(1)
Reflections
711(4)
Fuzziness
711(1)
Philosophy
712(1)
Causality
712(1)
Dimensions
713(2)
Chapter Conclusions
715(1)
References
716(3)
29 Networked Causal Terms
719(24)
Chapter Introduction
719(1)
Terms
719(4)
Standard
719(1)
Innovation
719(4)
Integrated Cross-Network Model
723(7)
Introduction
723(1)
Model
723(1)
Cross-Networks
723(5)
Basic Behavioral Community
728(1)
Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Interfaced
728(1)
Yoking
729(1)
Peridynamical
729(1)
Constrained Emergence
729(1)
Neoreductioconstructionism
729(1)
Biopersonalsocial
729(1)
Hypertransactionalism
729(1)
Causal System
730(1)
Ontogeny/Phylogeny
730(1)
Multifactorial
730(1)
Fuzziness
730(1)
GEODS Model
730(3)
Introduction
730(1)
Model
730(3)
Comment
733(1)
Eye-Catching Causal Terms
733(2)
The Causal Zoo
733(1)
Causicles
734(1)
Coexistential Causal Intraactivism
735(6)
Model
735(2)
Models
737(2)
Psychology
739(2)
Conclusions
741(1)
Chapter Conclusions
741(1)
References
742(1)
30 Change Mechanisms
743(26)
Chapter Introduction
743(1)
Neuromal Network
743(2)
Introduction
743(1)
Model
744(1)
Activation/Inhibition Coordination
745(3)
Model
745(1)
Emergence
746(2)
Comment
748(1)
Steps
748(2)
Activation/Inhibition Coordination
748(1)
Chaos
749(1)
Comment
749(1)
Readiness for Change
750(4)
Introduction
750(1)
Model
751(3)
Comment
754(1)
Dimensions of Change
754(4)
Dimensions
754(3)
Comment
757(1)
Infant Development
758(2)
Introduction
758(1)
Model
758(2)
Comment
760(1)
General Development
760(3)
Introduction
760(1)
How We Treat Each Other
761(1)
Management Style
761(1)
Cognitive (Mis)Perception of the Other
762(1)
Comment
762(1)
Intraactive Terminology
763(1)
Introduction
763(1)
Application
763(1)
Conclusion
764(1)
Chapter Conclusions
764(1)
References
765(4)
Part VI The Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian Model
31 A Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian 25-Step (Sub)Stage Model
769(16)
Chapter Introduction
769(2)
The Present Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian Stage and Substage Model
771(7)
Model
771(1)
The Model as Biopsychosocial
772(6)
Biology Elaborated in the Model
778(2)
Activation/Inhibition Coordination
778(1)
Broad Steps in Evolution
778(1)
Mind Evolving
779(1)
Psychology Elaborated in the Model
780(1)
Environment Elaborated in the Model
781(1)
Interim Conclusion
781(1)
Yoking Further Explained
781(2)
Introduction
781(1)
Yoking
782(1)
Backward-Forward
782(1)
Multiply Intelligent
783(1)
Dual Track Stages
783(1)
Multiple Intelligences
783(1)
Chapter Conclusions
783(1)
References
784(1)
32 Further Expansions of the Present Stage Models
785(22)
Chapter Introduction
785(1)
Neo-Piagetian
785(4)
Introduction
785(1)
Human Exceptionalism
785(1)
Social-Emotional
786(2)
Free Will
788(1)
Neo-Eriksonian
789(4)
Model
789(3)
Elaboration
792(1)
Yoking
793(1)
Comment
793(1)
Neo-Maslovian Model
793(3)
Introduction
793(1)
Model
794(2)
Development Outside of Development
796(2)
Introduction
796(1)
Psychology
796(1)
Evolution
796(2)
Comment
798(1)
Revising Steps
798(6)
Introduction
798(1)
Dual Process Revised
798(1)
Free Will Revised
799(1)
Ethical Thought Revised
799(5)
Controversy
804(1)
Chapter Conclusions
804(1)
References
805(2)
33 Generic Change Model
807(26)
Chapter Introduction
807(1)
Generic Change
807(1)
Model
807(1)
Application
808(1)
Comment
808(1)
Stages of Change in Pain
808(3)
Introduction
808(1)
Progressive
808(1)
Regressive
809(2)
Comment
811(1)
Information Processing
811(1)
Introduction
811(1)
Model
811(1)
Discovering Learning
812(1)
Introduction
812(1)
Model
812(1)
Comment
812(1)
Open-Ended Change
812(1)
Introduction
812(1)
Model
813(1)
Executive Function
813(1)
Introduction
813(1)
Model
813(1)
Comment
814(1)
Patients
814(1)
Introduction
814(1)
Model
814(1)
Case Formulation
815(2)
Introduction
815(1)
Model
815(2)
Education
817(1)
Introduction
817(1)
Learning
817(1)
Teaching
817(1)
Interim Conclusion
818(1)
Evolution
818(2)
Introduction
818(1)
Mechanisms
818(1)
Model
818(2)
Comment
820(1)
Stages
820(3)
Introduction
820(1)
Model
821(1)
Comment
821(2)
Social Driver
823(1)
Introduction
823(1)
Model
823(1)
Comment
823(1)
Data Driver
824(1)
Causality
825(3)
Introduction
825(1)
Genes/Epigenesis
825(1)
Causal Graphs
826(1)
Stimulus-Response
827(1)
Chapter Conclusions
828(1)
References
829(4)
34 Revising Maslow
833(24)
Chapter Introduction
833(1)
Models
834(7)
Revised Maslow in Young (2011)
834(1)
Re-Revising Maslow in the Present Book
834(1)
Enaction
834(1)
Polarities of Experience
835(1)
Self-Determination
835(1)
Moral Motives
836(2)
Moral Foundations
838(1)
Integrated Motivations
839(2)
Revising the Maslow Revision
841(2)
Introduction
841(2)
Assumptions
843(1)
Environmental Self
843(1)
Model
843(1)
Comment
843(1)
Five Foundational Moral Motives
844(3)
Introduction
844(1)
Revising Foundational Motives
845(1)
Revising Moral Motives
846(1)
Creating Environmental Motives
847(1)
Naming the Five Foundational Moral Motives
847(3)
Introduction
847(1)
Names
848(1)
Poles
848(1)
Conclusion
849(1)
Mechanism
850(1)
New Questionnaire
850(2)
Chapter Conclusions
852(1)
References
853(4)
35 Staging Revolutions and Paradigms
857(14)
Chapter Introduction
857(1)
Kuhn's Model of Paradigm Change
857(1)
Model
857(1)
Comment
858(1)
Revising Kuhn on Paradigm
858(1)
Relationism
858(1)
Comment
859(1)
A Neo-Kuhnian Approach
859(4)
Model
859(2)
Steps
861(1)
Example
862(1)
Unifying Psychology
863(4)
Modeling
863(1)
Theories
863(1)
The Model
864(1)
Philosophy
865(2)
Causal Self
867(2)
Introduction
867(1)
Model
867(2)
Conclusion
869(1)
Chapter Conclusions
869(1)
References
869(2)
36 New Directions in Psychological Causality
871(18)
Chapter Introduction
871(1)
Models of Neuroticism, Self-Control, and Self/Other
871(3)
Neuroticism
871(1)
Self-Control
872(1)
Self/Other
872(2)
Revising the Models of Neuroticism, Self-Control, and Self/Other
874(3)
Neuroticism
874(1)
Self-Control
875(1)
Self/Other
876(1)
Revising Free Will
877(1)
Revising PTSD
878(1)
Further Revising Causality of Behavior
878(2)
Chapter Conclusions
880(2)
Book Conclusions
882(6)
The End
882(1)
The Beginning
883(5)
References
888(1)
37 Epilogue
889(42)
Introduction
889(3)
Genes and Environment
892(4)
Genes
892(3)
Environment
895(1)
Development
896(1)
Models
896(1)
Domains
897(1)
Free Will and Self-Control
897(1)
Free Will
897(1)
Self-Control
898(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
898(2)
Dimensions
898(1)
Genes and Brain
899(1)
Malingering
900(1)
DSM-5
900(1)
Modeling
900(6)
The Relational Model
900(1)
Piagetian Modeling
901(1)
Neo-Piagetian Model
901(2)
Central Conceptual Structures
903(1)
The Network Model
904(1)
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Theory
905(1)
Causality
906(2)
Introduction
906(1)
Areas
907(1)
Comment
907(1)
New Hybrid Symptom Network Construct Model
908(4)
Model
908(1)
Comment
908(1)
Application
908(2)
Comment
910(1)
Conclusion
911(1)
Reconceptualizing Cognitive Stages
912(7)
Existing Concept
912(1)
Comment
912(1)
Reconceptualization
912(7)
Multiple Emotional Intelligences
919(5)
Multiple Intelligences
919(2)
Emotional Intelligence
921(1)
Multiple Emotional Intelligences
922(2)
Epilogue Conclusions
924(1)
References
925(6)
Index 931
Gerald Young, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at Glendon College, York University. Dr. Young founded and is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal of Psychological Injury and Law. Dr. Young also founded and is President of the Association for Scientific Advancement in Psychological Injury and Law. Dr. Young recently published a book that covers all areas of psychological injury and law, focusing on malingering, see Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury: Implications for Practice and Court (2014). Dr. Young has published other works in the area, see Causality of Psychological Injury: Presenting Evidence in Court (2007). For Dr. Youngs research in child development, see Development and Causality: Neo-Piagetian Perspectives (2011); see also Dr. Youngs most recent trade book You Can Rejoin Joy: Blogging for Todays Psychology (2012).  Dr. Young  has published multiple journal articles, specifically on psychological injury, law, causality, PTSD, and pain. Dr.Young may be reached at gyoung@glendon.yorku.ca.