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E-grāmata: Universities as Complex Enterprises: How Academia Works, Why It Works These Ways, and Where the University Enterprise Is Headed

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Explores the nature of academic enterprises, including why they work the way they do and where such enterprises are headed, with the goal of gaining insights into where change can and will happen

This book looks at universities from a whole-enterprise perspective. It explores the steady escalation of the costs of higher education and uses a computational economic model of complex academic enterprises. This model includes component models of research, teaching, administration, and brand value. Understanding the relationships among practices, processes, structure, and ecosystem provides the basis for transforming academia, leveraging its strengths and overcoming its limitations. More specifically, this architecture helps the reader understand how various elements of the enterprise system either enable or hinder other elements of the system, all of which are embedded in a complex behavioral and social ecosystem. Each topic is explored in terms of the levels of the architecture at which it primarily functions.  Levers of change within each area are discussed, using many experiences of pursuing such issues in a range of academic enterprises.

Provides a new methodology by taking a more systems-oriented approach to education systems as a whole

Shows how various elements of the enterprise system either enable or hinder other elements of the system

Offers alternative strategies for transformation of academic enterprises

Universities as Complex Enterprises: How Academia Works, Why It Works These Ways, and Where the University Enterprise Is Headed is a reference for systems scientists and engineers, economists, social scientists, and decision makers.

William B. Rouse is the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chair within the School of Systems & Enterprises and Director of the Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey.  He is also Professor Emeritus, and former Chair, of the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. Rouse has written hundreds of articles and book chapters, and has authored many books, including most recently Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises (Wiley, 2015).
Preface xi
1 Introduction and Overview
1(14)
Overall Approach
4(1)
Universities as Complex Systems
5(1)
Complex Adaptive Systems
6(2)
Universities as Complex Adaptive Systems
8(2)
Nonlinear, Dynamic Behavior
8(1)
Independent Agents
8(1)
Goals and Behaviors That Differ or Conflict
8(1)
Intelligent and Learning Agents
9(1)
Self-Organization
9(1)
No Single Point(s) of Control
9(1)
Implications
9(1)
Overview of
Chapters
10(3)
Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
10(1)
Chapter 2 Evolution of the Research University
10(1)
Chapter 3 Mission and Structure
10(1)
Chapter 4 Leadership and Governance
11(1)
Chapter 5 Administration
11(1)
Chapter 6 Money and Space
11(1)
Chapter 7 Promotion and Tenure
11(1)
Chapter 8 Education Programs
12(1)
Chapter 9 Research and Intellectual Property
12(1)
Chapter 10 Rankings and Brand Value
12(1)
Chapter 11 Transformation Scenarios
12(1)
Chapter 12 Exploring the Future
13(1)
References
13(2)
2 Evolution of the Research University
15(14)
Early Universities in Europe
16(3)
University of Bologna
16(1)
University of Paris
17(1)
University of Oxford
17(1)
University of Padua
17(1)
University of Cambridge
18(1)
Summary
18(1)
Early Universities in America
19(1)
Humboldt's Innovation
19(1)
Morrill Acts
20(2)
Bush and NSF
22(2)
Engineering Science
24(1)
Today's Research Universities
24(2)
Conclusions
26(1)
References
27(2)
3 Mission and Structure
29(12)
Mission
29(3)
Athletics
31(1)
Structure
32(7)
Ecosystem: Society and Government
32(1)
Structure: Campuses, Colleges, Schools, and Departments
33(1)
Processes: Education, Research, and Service
34(1)
Practices: Education, Research, and Service
35(1)
Research Centers
35(3)
Appointments
38(1)
Conclusions
39(1)
References
39(2)
4 Leadership and Governance
41(16)
Leadership
42(9)
Leadership and Change
42(2)
Leadership and Time
44(2)
Stewards of the Status Quo
46(2)
Leading Research Centers
48(1)
Leadership Experiences
49(2)
Governance
51(4)
Governing Boards
51(1)
Administration and Faculty
51(1)
Other Players
52(1)
Governance Experiences
52(3)
Conclusions
55(1)
References
55(2)
5 Administration
57(14)
Number of Administrators and Costs
59(2)
Performance Evaluation
61(3)
Conflict Management
64(2)
Conflicts within Organizations
64(1)
Conflicts across Organizations
64(1)
People Conflicts
65(1)
Compliance and Abuse
66(1)
Marketing and Communications
66(1)
Book Series
67(1)
The Costs of Conformity
67(1)
Conclusions
68(1)
References
69(2)
6 Money and Space
71(18)
Economics of Higher Education
72(3)
Value of Education
72(1)
Economists' Views
73(1)
Government Subsidies
74(1)
Higher Education Bubble
74(1)
Public Endowment
75(1)
Costs of Higher Education
75(4)
Cost Disease
75(1)
Cost Analyses
76(1)
Indirect Costs
77(1)
Staffing Patterns
77(1)
Student and Institutional Debt
78(1)
Revenue: Tuition
79(1)
Revenue: Government Dependencies
80(1)
Revenue: Fundraising
81(2)
Fundraising Experiences
82(1)
Summary
83(1)
Lessons Learned
83(2)
Overall Economic Model
85(1)
Space
86(1)
Conclusions
87(1)
References
87(2)
7 Promotion and Tenure
89(16)
Nature and Roles of Faculty
90(5)
Academic Disciplines
90(1)
Faculty Impact
91(1)
TT versus NTT Faculty
92(1)
Availability of Faculty Positions
92(1)
Faculty Turnover
93(2)
Nature of Tenure Decisions
95(2)
Promotion and Tenure Experiences
97(2)
What Really Counts
98(1)
Making the Case
98(1)
Model of Tenure Decision Making
99(4)
Conclusions
103(1)
References
103(2)
8 Education Programs
105(16)
Stem Challenges
106(1)
Student Population
106(1)
Value of Education
107(1)
Degree Programs
108(1)
Curricula and Courses
109(1)
Delivery of Education
110(2)
Teaching Experiences
112(2)
Workforce Model
114(4)
Conclusions
118(1)
References
119(2)
9 Research and Intellectual Property
121(18)
Challenges
122(3)
Peer Review
122(1)
Bibliometrics
122(2)
Funding
124(1)
Research Experiences
125(3)
Libraries and Networks
125(1)
Limits of Modeling
125(1)
Healthcare Delivery
126(1)
Interactive Visualization
126(1)
Government Sponsors
127(1)
Industry Sponsors
127(1)
Research Model
128(7)
Submission of Articles
128(2)
Citation of Articles
130(1)
Submission of Proposals
131(1)
Overall Model
132(3)
Intellectual Property
135(2)
Spin-Off Experiences
135(2)
Conclusions
137(1)
References
137(2)
10 Rankings and Brand Value
139(14)
Ranking Schemes
140(2)
Example of Moving Up
142(1)
Determinants of Rankings
143(3)
Brand Value
146(4)
Model of Brand Value
146(2)
More on Metrics
148(1)
Example
149(1)
Conclusions
150(1)
References
151(2)
11 Transformation Scenarios
153(20)
Forces for Change
153(5)
Costs and Benefits
154(1)
Globalization
154(2)
A Tsunami of Talent
156(1)
Technology
157(1)
Organizational Change
158(2)
Theory and Practice
159(1)
Four Scenarios
160(4)
Driving Forces
161(1)
Clash of Titans
161(1)
Hot, Flat, and Crowded
162(1)
Lifespan Mecca
162(1)
Network U.
163(1)
Implications
163(1)
Transforming Academia
164(3)
Clash of Titans
165(1)
Hot, Flat, and Crowded
165(1)
Lifespan Mecca
166(1)
Network U.
166(1)
How Change Happens
167(1)
Conclusions
168(1)
References
169(4)
12 Exploring the Future
173(18)
Sensitivity Analyses
176(4)
Scenario Variations
180(5)
Clash of Titans
180(1)
Hot, Flat, and Crowded
180(1)
Lifespan Mecca
181(1)
Network U.
181(1)
Projections
182(3)
Policy Implications
185(2)
Across Scenarios
185(1)
Within Scenarios
186(1)
Summary
187(1)
Extensions
187(2)
Conclusions
189(1)
References
189(2)
Index 191