Preface |
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ix | |
About the Author |
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xiii | |
Introduction |
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xxxi | |
Philosophy |
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xxxv | |
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1 | (68) |
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Chapter One Contribution of Computers: Predator or Partner? |
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3 | (26) |
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The First Known Mechanical Calculator --- First Century BC |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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The Babbage Difference Engine |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Why Does This Help Us Understand How Our Brain and Mind Work? |
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9 | (1) |
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The First Act of the Computer Revolution |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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The Second Act of the Computer Revolution |
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11 | (1) |
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Telecommunications and the Beginning of Coding Systems |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Convergence of Technologies |
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13 | (10) |
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14 | (1) |
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Solving the Difficulties of Programming |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Implications of Online Real-Time Continuous Processing |
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21 | (1) |
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Search for Artificial Intelligence |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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There is One Last, Rather More Subtle Comparison |
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26 | (3) |
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Chapter Two State of the Art: Cognitive Neuroscience |
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29 | (18) |
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The Central Nervous System |
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30 | (4) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Functions of the Background Operating System |
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33 | (1) |
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The Autonomic Functions of the Central Nervous System |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (8) |
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36 | (1) |
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Representation of Information in the Brain and Mind |
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36 | (1) |
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At Birth, There is No Information in the Brain |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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The Instructions in the Brain at Birth |
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38 | (1) |
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Background Operating System |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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The Cardiovascular System |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal (Enteric) System |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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Chapter Three Ideas, Past, Present and Future |
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47 | (22) |
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Milestones in Human Cognition |
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48 | (1) |
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Early Reliance on Natural Resources |
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49 | (1) |
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Birth of Cognitive Neuroscience |
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50 | (2) |
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Communication Systems in the Body |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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Contribution of Computing |
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52 | (3) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Emotions, Perceptions and Sensations |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Symbiosis and Prosthetics |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (6) |
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55 | (2) |
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DNA, Gene Editing, Health? |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Artificial Intelligence: The Tantalising Prospect of Building Intelligent Systems |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Effect of Computing on Economics: Reversing the Industrial Revolution |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Natural Resource of the Future |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Connections and Interfaces |
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63 | (6) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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The Rainbow of Human Ability |
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65 | (1) |
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Convergence: Guide to Intelligence |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (86) |
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Chapter Four Sources of Information |
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71 | (10) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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Information: Indispensable Resource |
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74 | (1) |
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Working Definition of Information |
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75 | (1) |
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Categories of Information |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Attributes of the Structure of Information |
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78 | (1) |
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Information as Hardware and Software |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Evolution of Information in Humans (Cognitive Neuroscience) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (12) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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Cross References: Relationships |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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First Major Expansion (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Writing: The Second Expansion (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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The Information Stored in Memories |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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The Third Expansion (3) of Neural Information Processing: Thinking and Creativity |
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90 | (2) |
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The First Steps in Transferring Information to the Brain |
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92 | (1) |
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Chapter Six Representation of Information |
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93 | (22) |
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Representation (Form) of Information |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Representation of Abstract Ideas, Concepts, Thoughts, Imagination and Prediction |
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99 | (2) |
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Representation and Computation of Numbers |
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101 | (1) |
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Learning to Count --- Early Numbers |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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There Are No Numbers in the Brain, Mind |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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Drama, Analogy, Story and Parable |
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111 | (4) |
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Chapter Seven Memory & Learning |
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115 | (22) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Initial Processing Needs Memory |
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116 | (1) |
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The Brain Has Evolved as a Learning System |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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More Sophisticated Memory |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Description of the Formation of Memory |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Information Recall is a Subject on Its Own |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Physical Memory, Synaptic Timing |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS) |
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127 | (1) |
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Technology and Psychology |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Learning and Being Taught |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Methods of Supporting Memory Formation |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Learning versus Creativity |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (18) |
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138 | (1) |
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Dictionary Meaning of Words |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Language of the Endocrine System |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Other Aspects of Meanings |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Meaning as Part of the Process of Learning |
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143 | (3) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Meaning of Space, Time and Orientation |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (112) |
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Chapter Nine Summary of the Evolution of Intelligence |
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157 | (14) |
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Alternative Approaches to the Problem |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Intelligent and Intelligently |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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A Selection of Current Definitions |
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160 | (1) |
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An Alternative Perspective |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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All the Myriad Definitions Proposed Have One Thing in Common |
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162 | (1) |
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Source and Foundation of Intelligence |
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163 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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...To Incomplete Information... |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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The Mind at Its Best: A Greek View |
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165 | (1) |
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Mind at Its Best: The Industrial Revolution |
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166 | (1) |
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Mind at Its Best: Late Twentieth Century |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (2) |
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Chapter Ten General and Responsive Intelligence |
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171 | (22) |
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Growing the Modern Brain Mind |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (2) |
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The Autonomic Functions of the Central Nervous System |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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Theory of General Intelligence or "g" |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Language, Linguistics and Semantics |
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185 | (1) |
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One of the Fundamental Attributes of All Intelligence: Systems |
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185 | (1) |
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Deconstructing Definitions |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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Chapter Eleven Aquisitive and Creative Intelligence |
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193 | (18) |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (15) |
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Thinking of New Ideas, Concepts and Solutions: Neural Processing |
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197 | (1) |
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How Do We Set About Thinking About How We Create New Ideas Ab Initio"! |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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What Tools Do We Have to Achieve This Feat? |
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200 | (1) |
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The Evolutionary Foundation of Thinking |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Over the Past Few Thousand Years We Have Developed a Rather Similar Facility |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Silent Speech: The Language of Creative Intelligence |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (3) |
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Chapter Twelve Physical, Emotional, Holistic and Medical Intelligence |
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211 | (14) |
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211 | (3) |
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Sport as a Full-Time Career |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (3) |
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Across a Crowded Room Effect |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Elation, Depression and Stress |
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216 | (1) |
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Strength of Formation and Accessing of Memory |
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217 | (1) |
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External Relationship Intelligence: Mirror Neurons |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (4) |
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Acupuncture, Ancient and Modern |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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The Discovery of DNA Has Opened Up a Whole New Science |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Tailoring Drugs to Individuals: Genetic Engineering |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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Chapter Thirteen Measurement, Implications and Extrapolation of Intelligence |
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225 | (28) |
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Measurement of Intelligence, Aptitude and Ability |
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225 | (4) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Comparative, Not Absolute |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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General Intelligence, a Stable Quotient |
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229 | (5) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Alternative Measurements of Speed of Intelligence Reactions |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Other Tests and Selection Systems |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Influences on Neural Performance |
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234 | (9) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Autonomic Monitoring System |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Reinforcement (Learning) versus Innovation (Thinking) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Long-term Over Short-term Gain |
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239 | (1) |
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Follow a Logical Argument |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Is Intelligence a Fixed or Learnable Skill? |
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241 | (2) |
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Implications of Aging on Intelligence |
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243 | (8) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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The Mechanism of Memory Recall |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Measuring Memory Formation |
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246 | (1) |
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Variant Brain Types and Intelligence |
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246 | (1) |
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Left and Right Brain Debate |
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247 | (1) |
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Major Variations in Personality |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Repository of All Human Knowledge |
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249 | (2) |
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We Now Have a New Opportunity |
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251 | (2) |
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Chapter Fourteen The Many Languages and Powerful Tools of the Body |
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253 | (8) |
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Languages of the Hormones (Chemical Neuroscience) |
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253 | (3) |
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253 | (1) |
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The Language of the Hormones |
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254 | (1) |
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The Language of Chemical Cognitive Neuroscience: A New Field of Research |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Mathematic and Scientific Languages |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Tools of Intelligence in the Body |
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256 | (5) |
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256 | (1) |
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Sound Bites: Jargon, Icons |
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256 | (1) |
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Positioning and Sequences |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Hierarchies in Processing Neural Signals |
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257 | (2) |
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What Do Neurons Transmit? |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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How Neurons Invent Jet Engines |
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260 | (1) |
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Chapter Fifteen Definitions of Intelligence |
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261 | (6) |
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The Architecture and Relationship of Information and Intelligence |
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263 | (1) |
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General and Reactive Intelligence |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Neural Modules (Neurules) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (36) |
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Chapter Sixteen Understanding Consciousness |
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269 | (22) |
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All Knowledge is Provisional |
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269 | (2) |
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Perceptions of Consciousness |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (2) |
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The Current "Standard Model" of Sleep and Consciousness |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (11) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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The Cycles of Consciousness and Sleep |
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277 | (2) |
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Conscious Wakeful Awareness |
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279 | (1) |
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Unconsciousness and Asleep |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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Definition of Consciousness, Awake, Aware and Asleep |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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Exploring Sensations, Perceptions, Impressions and Emotions |
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282 | (1) |
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Synchronised Waves of Meta Neuron Networks |
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283 | (1) |
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Functions of Consciousness |
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284 | (5) |
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Memories and Availability of Information |
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284 | (1) |
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Abstract Thinking and Prediction |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Personality and Temperament |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Recursion: The Last Piece of the Jigsaw |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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Chapter Seventeen Thinking, Knowledge and Creativity |
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291 | (6) |
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The Implications of the Fourth Dimension |
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291 | (2) |
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Constructive Tension of Conservers and Reformers |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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Thinking Can Counter Stress |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Chapter Eighteen The Synaptic Conjecture |
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297 | (6) |
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Wide Fluctuations in Energy Needs |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Key Role in Allocating Neural Resources |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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An Alternative Measure of Intelligence |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (20) |
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Chapter Nineteen The Future |
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|
305 | (18) |
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305 | (1) |
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Improving Our Own Personal Individual Abilities |
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306 | (1) |
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The Variety of Brain Types |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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The Widest Possible Curriculum |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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|
311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Thinking About Thinking: The Philosopher's View |
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313 | (2) |
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Building the Corpus of Human Knowledge: Landscape of the Rainbow of Human Abilities |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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The Drive to Design Ever More Intelligent Systems and Robots: The Next Generation of Software |
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316 | (1) |
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The Ethical, Employment and Economic Implications of the Age of Computing |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Computing Can Change the Health of the World |
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320 | (1) |
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Standard Interface Platform |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
Bibliography |
|
323 | (10) |
List of Appendices |
|
333 | (4) |
Index |
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337 | |