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Unlocking Criminal Law 8th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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Jacqueline Martin, Tony Storey

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 714 pages, height x width: 246x174 mm, weight: 1405 g, 65 Line drawings, color; 65 Illustrations, color
Sērija : Unlocking the Law
Izdošanas datums: 30-Sep-2022
Izdevniecība: Routledge
ISBN-10: 0367611287
ISBN-13: 9780367611286

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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 714 pages, height x width: 246x174 mm, weight: 1405 g, 65 Line drawings, color; 65 Illustrations, color
Sērija : Unlocking the Law
Izdošanas datums: 30-Sep-2022
Izdevniecība: Routledge
ISBN-10: 0367611287
ISBN-13: 9780367611286

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Speciālā piedāvājuma visas grāmatas: Taylor & Francis offers several humanities titles with ISE (International Student Edition) prices

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780367611286.html

Keywords:

Unlocking Criminal Law will help you grasp the main concepts of the subject with ease. Containing accessible explanations in clear and precise terms that are easy to understand, it provides an excellent foundation for learning and revising Criminal Law.

The information is clearly presented in a logical structure and the following features support learning helping you to advance with confidence:
- Clear learning outcomes at the beginning of each chapter set out the skills and knowledge you will need to get to grips with the subject;
- Key Facts boxes throughout each chapter allow you to progressively build and consolidate your understanding;
- End-of-chapter summaries provide a useful check-list for each topic;
- Cases and judgments are highlighted to help you find them and add them to your notes quickly;
- Frequent activities and self-test questions are included so you can put your knowledge into practice;
- Sample essay questions with annotated answers prepare you for assessment;
- Glossary of legal terms clarifies important definitions.

This edition has been fully updated to include discussion of recent changes and developments within criminal law, including the latest case law and those laws passed in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis.

The Eighth edition of Unlocking Criminal Law will help you grasp the main concepts of the subject with ease. Containing accessible explanations in clear and precise terms that are easy to understand, it provides an excellent foundation for learning and revising Criminal Law.

Acknowledgements

xvi

Guide to the book

xvii

Preface

xix

List of figures

Table of cases

xxii

Table of statutory instruments

Table of legislation

xli

1 Introduction to Criminal Law

(34)

1.1 Purpose of criminal law

(4)

1.1.1 Should the law enforce moral values?

(2)

1.1.2 Example of the changing nature of criminal law

(1)

1.2 Sources of criminal law

(3)

1.2.1 Common law offences

(1)

1.2.2 Statutory offences

(1)

1.2.3 Codification of the criminal law

(2)

1.2.4 Reform of the law

(1)

1.3 Defining a crime

(2)

1.3.1 Conduct criminalised by the judges

(1)

1.3.2 Retroactive effect of case law

(1)

1.4 Classification of offences

(2)

1.4.1 Classifying law by its source

(1)

1.4.2 Categories for purposes of police powers of detention

(1)

1.4.3 Classifying by the type of harm caused by the crime

(1)

1.4.4 Classification by court of trial

(1)

1.5 Criminal justice system

(5)

1.5.1 Trials in magistrates' courts

(1)

1.5.2 Trials in the Crown Court

(1)

1.5.3 Appeals from a magistrates' court

(1)

1.5.4 Appeals from trials in the Crown Court

(1)

1.5.5 The hierarchy of the courts

(1)

1.6 Sentencing

(1)

1.6.1 Purposes of sentencing

(1)

1.7 Elements of a crime

(1)

1.8 Burden and standard of proof

(3)

1.8.1 Presumption of innocence

(1)

1.8.2 Raising a defence

(1)

1.8.3 Standard of proof

(1)

1.8.4 Reverse onus

(1)

1.9 Criminal law and human rights

(14)

1.9.1 The right to a fair trial

(1)

1.9.2 Burden of proof

(4)

1.9.3 No punishment without law

(1)

1.9.4 Other human rights

(3)

1.9.5 Human rights and criminal procedure

(2)

Further reading

(3)

2 Actus Reus

(32)

2.1 The physical element

(2)

2.1.1 Conduct and consequences

(1)

2.1.2 Circumstances

(1)

2.1.3 The physical element alone is not a crime

(1)

2.1.4 Omissions

(1)

2.2 Voluntary conduct

(1)

2.3 Omissions

(8)

2.3.1 Commission by omission

(1)

2.3.2 Imposition of a duty to act

(5)

2.3.3 Breach of duty to act

(1)

2.3.4 Reform

(1)

2.4 Causation

(22)

2.4.1 Factual causation

(1)

2.4.2 Legal causation

(16)

Sample essay question 1

(2)

Sample essay question 2

(2)

Further reading

(1)

3 Mens Rea

(22)

3.1 The mental element

(1)

3.2 Intention

(5)

3.2.1 Direct intention

(1)

3.2.2 Oblique intention

(5)

3.3 Recklessness

(5)

3.3.1 The Cunningham test

(1)

3.3.2 The Caldwell years: 1981--2003

(1)

3.3.3 Back to Cunningham: G and another

(2)

3.4 Negligence

(1)

3.5 Dishonesty

(1)

3.6 Transferred malice

(4)

3.7 Coincidence of actus reus and mens rea

(6)

Sample essay question

(2)

Further reading

(1)

4 Strict Liability

(34)

4.1 Absolute liability

(2)

4.2 Strict liability

(5)

4.2.1 No due diligence defence

(1)

4.2.2 No defence of mistake

(2)

4.2.3 Summary of strict liability

(1)

4.3 Common law strict liability offences

(1)

4.4 Statutory strict liability offences

(19)

4.4.1 The presumption of mens rea

(1)

4.4.2 The Gammon criteria

(1)

4.4.3 Looking at the wording of an Act

100

(2)

4.4.4 Quasi-criminal offences

102

(2)

4.4.5 Strict liability and human rights

104

(2)

4.4.6 Issues of social concern

106

(1)

4.4.7 Promoting enforcement of the law

107

(2)

4.4.8 Twenty-first-century cases

109

(8)

4.5 Justification for strict liability

117

(2)

4.5.1 Arguments against strict liability

118

(1)

4.6 Proposals for reform

119

(4)

Sample essay question

121

(1)

Further reading

122

(1)

5 Murder

123

(52)

5.1 Actus reus of homicide

123

(3)

5.1.1 Human being: birth

123

(1)

5.1.2 Human being: death

124

(1)

5.1.3 Under the King or Queen's Peace

124

(1)

5.1.4 Within any county of the realm

125

(1)

5.1.5 The year and a day rule

125

(1)

5.2 Murder

126

(4)

5.2.1 Intention

127

(1)

5.2.2 Grievous bodily harm

127

(1)

5.2.3 Procedure in murder trials

127

(1)

5.2.4 Mercy killings and euthanasia

128

(2)

5.3 Voluntary manslaughter

130

(35)

5.3.1 Diminished responsibility

130

(18)

5.3.2 Loss of control

148

(17)

5.3.3 Suicide pacts

165

(1)

5.4 Reform of the law of homicide

165

(10)

5.4.1 The structure of homicide offences

165

(1)

5.4.2 First-degree murder

165

(1)

5.4.3 Second-degree murder

165

(2)

Sample essay question 1

167

(1)

Sample essay question 2

168

(2)

Sample problem question

170

(3)

Further reading

173

(2)

6 Homicide (Other Than Murder)

175

(46)

6.1 Involuntary manslaughter

175

(18)

6.1.1 Constructive manslaughter

175

(8)

6.1.2 Gross negligence manslaughter

183

(9)

6.1.3 Reckless manslaughter

192

(1)

6.2 Reform of murder and manslaughter

193

(3)

6.2.1 A three-tier structure of homicide offences

193

(1)

6.2.2 First-degree murder

193

(1)

6.2.3 Second-degree murder

194

(1)

6.2.4 Manslaughter

194

(1)

6.2.5 Intention

195

(1)

6.2.6 Duress

195

(1)

6.2.7 Response to the Law Commission's reform proposals

195

(1)

6.3 Causing or allowing the death or serious physical harm of a child or vulnerable adult

196

(2)

6.4 Offences of causing death by driving

198

(2)

6.5 Infanticide

200

(1)

6.6 Offences against a foetus

201

(1)

6.6.1 Child destruction

201

(1)

6.6.2 Procuring a miscarriage

202

(1)

6.7 Corporate manslaughter

202

(19)

6.7.1 Previous law

202

(3)

6.7.2 Reform of corporate manslaughter

205

(1)

6.7.3 Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007

206

(2)

6.7.4 Is the Act working?

208

(3)

6.7.5 Why make organisations criminally liable for manslaughter?

211

(5)

Sample essay question 1

216

(2)

Sample essay question 2

218

(1)

Further reading

219

(2)

7 Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person

221

(50)

7.1 Common assault

222

(8)

7.1.1 Actus reus of assault

223

(1)

7.1.2 Actus reus of battery

224

(5)

7.1.3 Mens rea of assault and battery

229

(1)

7.2 Section 47

230

(3)

7.2.1 Actus reus of s 47

230

(2)

7.2.2 Mens rea of s 47

232

(1)

7.3 Section 20

233

(3)

7.3.1 Actus reus of s 20

233

(2)

7.3.2 Mens rea of s 20

235

(1)

7.4 Section 18

236

(3)

7.4.1 Actus reus of s 18

237

(1)

7.4.2 Mens rea of s 18

237

(2)

7.5 Racially or religiously aggravated assaults

239

(1)

7.6 Consent

240

(18)

7.6.1 Consent may be implied

240

(1)

7.6.2 Consent must be valid

240

(1)

7.6.3 Consent and fraud

240

(4)

7.6.4 The scope of consent

244

(11)

7.6.5 The impact of the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) and the Human Rights Act 1998

255

(3)

7.7 Reform

258

(4)

7.8 Administering poison

262

(3)

7.8.1 Administer

263

(1)

7.8.2 Noxious thing

263

(1)

7.8.3 Maliciously

264

(1)

7.9 Strangulation and suffocation

265

(6)

7.9.1 The new offences

265

(1)

7.9.2 Special defence of consent

265

(2)

Sample essay question

267

(1)

Sample problem question

268

(1)

Further reading

269

(2)

8 Sexual Offences

271

(38)

8.1 Rape

272

(22)

8.1.1 Penetration of the vagina, anus or mouth of another person, with the penis

273

(1)

8.1.2 The absence of consent

274

(17)

8.1.3 Intent to penetrate

291

(1)

8.1.4 Lack of reasonable belief

291

(2)

8.1.5 The marital exception to rape

293

(1)

8.1.6 Women as defendants

293

(1)

8.2 Assault by penetration

294

(1)

8.3 Sexual assault

295

(3)

8.4 Causing a person to engage in sexual activity

298

(1)

8.5 Administering a substance with intent

298

(1)

8.6 Committing an offence with intent to commit a sexual offence

299

(1)

8.7 Trespass with intent to commit a sexual offence

299

(1)

8.8 Other crimes under the Sexual Offences Act 2003

300

(9)

Sample essay question

302

(2)

Sample problem question

304

(2)

Further reading

306

(3)

9 Theft

309

(38)

9.1 Background

309

(2)

9.1.1 Theft

310

(1)

9.1.2 The elements of theft

311

(1)

9.2 Appropriation

311

(9)

9.2.1 Assumption of the rights of an owner

312

(1)

9.2.2 Consent to the appropriation

313

(1)

9.2.3 The decision in Gomez

314

(3)

9.2.4 Consent without deception

317

(1)

9.2.5 Protection of innocent purchasers

318

(2)

9.3 Property

320

(5)

9.3.1 Things which cannot be stolen

321

(1)

9.3.2 Real property

322

(1)

9.3.3 Things in action

323

(1)

9.3.4 Other intangible property

324

(1)

9.4 Belonging to another

325

(6)

9.4.1 Possession or control

325

(1)

9.4.2 Proprietary right or interest

326

(2)

9.4.3 Property received under an obligation

328

(2)

9.4.4 Property got by a mistake

330

(1)

9.5 Dishonestly

331

(7)

9.5.1 Dishonesty

331

(2)

9.5.2 The meaning of `dishonesty': from Feely (1973) to Ghosh (1982) to Ivey(2017)

333

(2)

9.5.3 Problems with the Ghosh test

335

(1)

9.5.4 The Ivey test

336

(2)

9.6 With intention to permanently deprive

338

(9)

9.6.1 Borrowing or lending

340

(1)

9.6.2 Conditional disposition

340

(4)

Sample essay question

344

(1)

Sample problem question

345

(1)

Further reading

346

(1)

10 Robbery, Burglary, and Other Offences in the Theft Acts

347

(44)

10.1 Robbery

347

(8)

10.1.1 The elements of robbery

348

(1)

10.1.2 Theft as an element of robbery

348

(1)

10.1.3 Force or threat of force

349

(2)

10.1.4 Force immediately before or at the time of the theft

351

(1)

10.1.5 Force in order to steal

352

(3)

10.2 Burglary

355

(6)

10.2.1 The actus reus of burglary

355

(1)

10.2.2 Entry

356

(1)

10.2.3 Building or part of a building

356

(1)

10.2.4 As a trespasser

357

(2)

10.2.5 Mens rea of burglary

359

(1)

10.2.6 Burglary of a dwelling

360

(1)

10.3 Aggravated burglary

361

(2)

10.3.1 Has with him

362

(1)

10.4 Removal of items from a place open to the public

363

(1)

10.4.1 Actus reus of removal of items from a public place

364

(1)

10.5 Taking a conveyance without consent

364

(3)

10.5.1 Actus reus of taking a conveyance

365

(1)

10.5.2 Without consent

366

(1)

10.5.3 Conveyance

366

(1)

10.5.4 Mens rea of taking a conveyance

367

(1)

10.6 Aggravated vehicle-taking

367

(1)

10.6.1 Dangerous driving

368

(1)

10.6.2 Injury or damage

368

(1)

10.7 Abstracting electricity

368

(1)

10.8 Blackmail

369

(4)

10.8.1 Demand

369

(1)

10.8.2 Unwarranted demand

370

(1)

10.8.3 Menaces

371

(1)

10.8.4 View to gain or to cause loss

372

(1)

10.9 Handling stolen goods

373

(7)

10.9.1 Goods

374

(1)

10.9.2 Stolen

374

(2)

10.9.3 Handling stolen goods

376

(1)

10.9.4 Undertaking or assisting

377

(1)

10.9.5 Mens rea of handling

378

(2)

10.10 Going equipped for stealing

380

(2)

10.10.1 Actus reus of going equipped

380

(2)

10.10.2 Mens rea of going equipped

382

(1)

10.11 Making off without payment

382

(9)

10.11.1 Actus reus of making off without payment

382

(2)

10.11.2 Mens rea of making off without payment

384

(3)

Sample essay question

387

(1)

Sample problem question

388

(1)

Further reading

389

(2)

11 Fraud

391

(26)

11.1 Background to the Fraud Act 2006

391

(1)

11.2 The need for reform

392

(2)

11.3 Fraud Act 2006

394

(1)

11.4 Fraud by false representation

394

(8)

11.4.1 False representation

395

(2)

11.4.2 False

397

(2)

11.4.3 Intent to make a gain or cause loss

399

(1)

11.4.4 Mens rea of s 2

400

(2)

11.5 Fraud by failing to disclose information

402

(2)

11.5.1 Legal duty to disclose

402

(1)

11.5.2 Mens rea of fraud contrary to s 3

403

(1)

11.6 Fraud by abuse of position

404

(4)

11.6.1 Occupies a position

404

(2)

11.6.2 Abuse of position

406

(1)

11.6.3 Mens rea of fraud contrary to s 4

407

(1)

11.7 Possession of articles for use in fraud

408

(1)

11.7.1 Mens rea of s 6

408

(1)

11.8 Making or supplying articles for use in frauds

408

(1)

11.8.1 Mens rea of s 7

409

(1)

11.9 Obtaining services dishonestly

409

(8)

11.9.1 Actus reus of obtaining services dishonestly

410

(1)

11.9.2 Mens rea of obtaining services dishonestly

410

(3)

Sample essay question

413

(2)

Sample problem question

415

(1)

Further reading

416

(1)

12 Criminal Damage

417

(26)

12.1 Simple criminal damage

418

(7)

12.1.1 Destroy or damage

418

(2)

12.1.2 Property

420

(1)

12.1.3 Belonging to another

421

(1)

12.1.4 Mens rea of the basic offence

421

(4)

12.2 Aggravated criminal damage

425

(4)

12.2.1 Intention or recklessness as to endangering life

425

(2)

12.2.2 Life need not actually be endangered

427

(1)

12.2.3 Own property

427

(1)

12.2.4 Mens rea

427

(2)

12.3 Arson

429

(1)

12.4 Threats to destroy or damage property

430

(2)

12.5 Possessing anything with intent to destroy or damage property

432

(1)

12.6 Without lawful excuse

432

(4)

12.6.1 Belief in consent

433

(1)

12.6.2 Belief that other property was in immediate need of protection

433

(3)

12.7 Racially or religiously aggravated criminal damage

436

(7)

Sample essay question

438

(1)

Sample problem question

439

(2)

Further reading

441

(2)

13 Public Order Offences

443

(28)

13.1 Riot

443

(3)

13.1.1 Actus reus of riot

444

(1)

13.1.2 Mens rea of riot

445

(1)

13.1.3 Trial and penalty

445

(1)

13.2 Violent disorder

446

(2)

13.2.1 Present together

447

(1)

13.2.2 Mens rea of violent disorder

447

(1)

13.2.3 Comparison with riot

448

(1)

13.2.4 Trial and penalty

448

(1)

13.3 Affray

448

(3)

13.3.1 Actus reus of affray

449

(1)

13.3.2 Mens rea of affray

450

(1)

13.3.3 Trial and penalty

450

(1)

13.4 Fear or provocation of violence

451

(2)

13.4.1 Actus reus of a s 4 offence

451

(1)

13.4.2 Threatening, abusive or insulting

452

(1)

13.4.3 Towards another person

452

(1)

13.4.4 Mens rea of s 4

452

(1)

13.5 Intentionally causing harassment, alarm or distress

453

(3)

13.5.1 Defences

455

(1)

13.6 Harassment, alarm or distress

456

(6)

13.6.1 Mens rea of a s 5 offence

459

(1)

13.6.2 Defences

459

(2)

13.6.3 Section 5 and freedom of expression

461

(1)

13.7 Racially or religiously aggravated public order offences

462

(2)

13.8 `Gatherings' and coronavirus offences

464

(7)

Sample essay question

468

(1)

Further reading

469

(2)

14 Capacity Defences

471

(54)

14.1 Children

472

(3)

14.1.1 Children under the age of ten

472

(1)

14.1.2 Children aged ten and over

472

(3)

14.2 Insanity

475

(15)

14.2.1 Procedure

476

(1)

14.2.2 The special verdict

476

(1)

14.2.3 The M'Naghten Rules

477

(7)

14.2.4 Situations not covered by the Rules

484

(1)

14.2.5 Criticism and reform proposals

485

(5)

14.3 Automatism

490

(7)

14.3.1 What is automatism?

490

(1)

14.3.2 The need for an evidential foundation

491

(1)

14.3.3 Extent of involuntariness required

492

(2)

14.3.4 Self-induced automatism

494

(2)

14.3.5 Reflex actions

496

(1)

14.3.6 Reform

496

(1)

14.4 Unfitness to plead

497

(2)

14.5 Intoxication

499

(26)

14.5.1 Intoxication is no defence if D still formed mens rea

500

(1)

14.5.2 Involuntary intoxication

501

(3)

14.5.3 Voluntary intoxication

504

(7)

14.5.4 `Dutch courage'

511

(1)

14.5.5 Intoxication and insanity

512

(2)

14.5.6 Intoxication and automatism

514

(1)

14.5.7 Intoxicated mistakes

514

(2)

14.5.8 Reform of the intoxication defence

516

(4)

Sample essay question 1

520

(1)

Sample essay question 2

521

(2)

Further reading

523

(2)

15 General Defences

525

(52)

15.1 Duress

525

(21)

15.1.1 Sources of the duress

526

(1)

15.1.2 The seriousness of the threat

526

(1)

15.1.3 Threats against whom?

527

(1)

15.1.4 Imminence of the threat, opportunities to escape and police protection

528

(2)

15.1.5 Duress does not exist in the abstract

530

(1)

15.1.6 Voluntary exposure to risk of compulsion

531

(3)

15.1.7 Should D have resisted the threats?

534

(3)

15.1.8 The scope of the defence

537

(5)

15.1.9 The development of duress of circumstances

542

(4)

15.2 Necessity

546

(6)

15.3 Marital coercion

552

(1)

15.4 Mistake

553

(1)

15.4.1 Mistakes of fact

553

(1)

15.4.2 Mistakes of law

554

(1)

15.5 Self-defence and related defences

554

(23)

15.5.1 The necessity of force

556

(5)

15.5.2 The reasonableness of force

561

(4)

15.5.3 Intoxication, mistake and self-defence

565

(2)

15.5.4 `Grossly disproportionate' force in `householder' cases

567

(5)

15.5.5 Should excessive force in homicide reduce murder to manslaughter?

572

(2)

Sample essay question

574

(2)

Further reading

576

(1)

16 Parties to a Crime

577

(24)

16.1 Principal offenders

577

(1)

16.1.1 Difficulties in identifying the principal

577

(1)

16.2 Innocent agents

578

(1)

16.3 Secondary parties

578

(14)

16.3.1 Actus reus of secondary parties: aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring

579

(6)

16.3.2 Mens rea of secondary parties

585

(7)

16.4 Withdrawal from participation

592

(2)

16.4.1 Pre-planned criminal activity

592

(1)

16.4.2 Spontaneous criminal activity

593

(1)

16.5 Assisting an offender

594

(1)

16.6 Reform

594

(7)

Sample essay question

596

(2)

Sample problem question

598

(1)

Further reading

599

(2)

17 Inchoate Offences

601

(38)

17.1 Inchoate offences

601

(1)

17.2 Attempt

602

(12)

17.2.1 Actus reus of attempt

602

(5)

17.2.2 Mens rea of attempt

607

(2)

17.2.3 Impossibility

609

(3)

17.2.4 Excluded offences

612

(1)

17.2.5 Successful attempts

613

(1)

17.2.6 Reform

613

(1)

17.3 Conspiracy

614

(11)

17.3.1 Actus reus of statutory conspiracy

615

(3)

17.3.2 Mens rea of statutory conspiracy

618

(4)

17.3.3 Common law conspiracy

622

(2)

17.3.4 Impossibility

624

(1)

17.4 Assisting or encouraging crime

625

(14)

17.4.1 Background

625

(1)

17.4.2 Liability under the Serious Crime Act 2007

626

(2)

17.4.3 Actus reus elements

628

(1)

17.4.4 Mens rea elements

629

(2)

17.4.5 No requirement for substantive offence to be committed (s 49)

631

(1)

17.4.6 Defence of `acting reasonably' (s 50)

631

(1)

17.4.7 Defence for victims (s 51)

632

(1)

17.4.8 Impossibility

632

(1)

17.4.9 Attempt liability

633

(1)

17.4.10 Evaluation of the Serious Crime Act 2007

633

(4)

Sample essay question

637

(1)

Further reading

638

(1)

Appendix 1

639

(2)

Appendix 2

641

(8)

Glossary of legal terminology

649

(2)

Index

651

Tony Storey is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Northumbria where he teaches Criminal Law, EU Law, Sports Law, and the English Legal System. Tony is the programme leader for the MLaw programme at Northumbria Law School.

Natalie Wortley is Associate Professor of Law at Northumbria University, teaching and researching Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Evidence, and Sentencing.

Jacqueline Martin practised as a barrister for ten years before becoming a law lecturer. She was also chief examiner for a major awarding body for ten years, and has written and edited many law textbooks.

Unlocking Criminal Law 8th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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