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Unlocking Equity and Trusts 7th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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(University of West London, UK)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 660 pages, height x width: 246x189 mm, weight: 1406 g, 31 Tables, black and white
  • Sērija : Unlocking the Law
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-May-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367027836
  • ISBN-13: 9780367027834
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Unlocking Equity and Trusts 7th editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 660 pages, height x width: 246x189 mm, weight: 1406 g, 31 Tables, black and white
  • Sērija : Unlocking the Law
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-May-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367027836
  • ISBN-13: 9780367027834
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Speciālā piedāvājuma visas grāmatas: Taylor & Francis offers several humanities titles with ISE (International Student Edition) prices
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780367027834.html
Keywords:
The extensively updated seventh edition of Unlocking Equity and Trusts will help you grasp the main concepts of Equity and Trusts with ease. Using straightforward language and explaining the law in a clear manner, it provides an excellent foundation for learning and revising.

Each chapter in the book contains:











Aims and objectives;





Activities such as self-test questions;





Charts of key facts to consolidate your knowledge;





Diagrams to aid memory and understanding;





Prominently displayed cases and judgements;





Chapter summaries;





Essay questions with answer plans;





Glossary of legal terms.

The Unlocking the Law series is designed specifically to make the law accessible to students coming to study a topic for the first time. All titles in the series follow the same formula and include the same features so students can move easily from one subject to another.
Guide to the book xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Preface xvi
Table of cases xvii
Table of statutes and other instruments xxxiii
List of figures xxxviii
1 Historical Outlines Of Equity 1(18)
1.1 Introduction to equity
1(6)
1.1.1 Terminology
2(1)
1.1.2 Petitions to the Lord Chancellor
2(1)
1.1.3 Procedure in Chancery
3(1)
1.1.4 The trust - a product of equity
4(1)
1.1.5 The Chancellor's intervention
4(1)
1.1.6 Duality of ownership
5(1)
1.1.7 Statute of Uses 1535
6(1)
1.1.8 Use upon a use
6(1)
1.1.9 Struggle over injunctions
7(1)
1.2 Contributions of equity
7(1)
1.2.1 Court of Appeal in Chancery
8(1)
1.3 Nineteenth-century reforms
8(4)
1.4 Adaptability of equity today
12(1)
1.5 Maxims of equity
13(4)
Sample essay question
17(1)
Further reading
18(1)
2 Introduction To Trusts 19(20)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Trust concept
19(4)
2.2.1 Definitions of trusts
19(2)
2.2.2 Recognition of Trusts Act 1987
21(1)
2.2.3 Lord Browne-Wilkinson's essential characteristics of a trust
22(1)
2.3 Characteristics of a trust
23(7)
2.3.1 Trust property
23(1)
2.3.2 Separation of legal and equitable interests
23(1)
2.3.3 Sub-trusts
24(1)
2.3.4 Obligatory
24(1)
2.3.5 Inter vivos or on death
24(1)
2.3.6 The settlor's position
24(2)
2.3.7 The trustees' position
26(1)
2.3.8 The beneficiaries' position
26(1)
2.3.9 Equitable proprietary interests
27(1)
2.3.10 Bona fide transferee of the legal estate for value without notice
28(2)
2.4 Trusts and other relationships
30(2)
2.4.1 Trusts and gifts
30(1)
2.4.2 Trusts and contracts
30(1)
2.4.3 Trusts and bailment contracts
31(1)
2.4.4 Trustees and personal representatives
31(1)
2.4.5 Trusts and agency
32(1)
2.5 Classification of trusts
32(2)
2.5.1 Private/public trusts
32(1)
2.5.2 Fixed/discretionary trusts
33(1)
2.5.3 Resulting trusts
33(1)
2.5.4 Constructive trusts
34(1)
2.5.5 Statutory trusts
34(1)
2.6 Reasons for the creation of express trusts
34(3)
Sample essay question
37(1)
Further reading
37(2)
3 The 'Three Certainties' Test 39(38)
3.1 Introduction
39(1)
3.2 Certainty of intention
40(9)
3.2.1 Intention - a question of fact and degree
40(1)
3.2.2 Intention to benefit distinct from intention to create a trust
41(6)
3.2.3 Precatory words
47(2)
3.2.4 Effect of uncertainty of intention
49(1)
3.3 Certainty of subject-matter
49(9)
3.3.1 Certainty of trust property
50(6)
3.3.2 Beneficial interests
56(1)
3.3.3 Effect of uncertainty of subject-matter
57(1)
3.4 Certainty of objects
58(16)
3.4.1 Fixed trusts
58(1)
3.4.2 Discretionary trusts
59(2)
3.4.3 Powers of appointment
61(2)
3.4.4 Analysis of the 'any given postulant' test
63(3)
3.4.5 Distinct approaches to the 'any given postulant' test
66(8)
Sample essay question
74(1)
Further reading
75(2)
4 Constitution Of An Express Trust 77(50)
4.1 Introduction
77(1)
4.2 The rule in Milroy v Lord [ 1862]
78(8)
4.2.1 Transfer and declaration mode
79(1)
4.2.2 Transfer of shares in a private company (last act theory)
80(6)
4.3 Self-declaration of trust
86(1)
4.4 No self-declaration following imperfect transfer
87(1)
4.5 The settlor may expressly adopt both modes of creation
88(1)
4.6 Multiple trustees including the settlor
89(2)
4.7 No trust of future property
91(1)
4.8 Trusts of choses in action
92(4)
4.8.1 Fletcher restricted to debts enforceable at law
94(2)
4.9 Consequences of a perfect trust
96(1)
4.10 Incompletely constituted trusts
96(5)
4.10.1 Agreements enforceable by non-volunteers
97(1)
4.10.2 Covenants to create trusts before the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 199
98(1)
4.10.3 Effect of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
99(1)
Sample essay question
100(1)
4.11 Introduction to exceptions to the rule that equity will not assist a volunteer
101(4)
4.11.1 The rule in Strong v Bird
101(1)
4.11.2 The nature of the donor's intention
102(3)
4.12 Donatio mortis causa
105(10)
4.12.1 Contemplation of death
106(3)
4.12.2 Conditional on death
109(1)
4.12.3 Parting with dominion
110(3)
4.12.4 The types of property
113(2)
4.13 Proprietary estoppel
115(9)
4.13.1 Five probanda
116(1)
4.13.2 Unconscionability
117(1)
4.13.3 Assurance or expectation
117(3)
4.13.4 Detrimental reliance
120(1)
4.13.5 Nature of the interest acquired
121(3)
Sample essay question
124(1)
Further reading
125(2)
5 Formalities For The Creation Of Express Trusts 127(18)
5.1 Introduction
127(1)
5.2 Declaration of a trust of land
127(3)
5.2.1 'Land or an interest in land'
128(1)
5.2.2 'Declarations of trusts'
128(1)
5.2.3 'Manifested and proved by some writing'
128(1)
5.2.4 'Writing'
129(1)
5.2.5 Signature
129(1)
5.3 Exclusion
130(1)
5.4 Dispositions under s 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act 1925
131(12)
5.4.1 Direction to trustees
133(2)
5.4.2 Transfer of both the legal and equitable titles to a third party
135(1)
5.4.3 Section 53(2) of the Law of Property Act 1925
136(3)
5.4.4 Overlap between subsections 53(1)(b) and (c) of the Law of Property Act 1925
139(1)
5.4.5 Estoppel
139(1)
5.4.6 Self-declaration of trust of part of an equitable interest
139(2)
5.4.7 Disclaimers
141(1)
5.4.8 Pension scheme nominations
141(2)
Sample essay question
143(1)
Further reading
144(1)
6 Discretionary Trusts 145(18)
6.1 Introduction
145(1)
6.2 Exhaustive/non-exhaustive discretionary trusts
146(1)
6.3 Period of accumulation
147(1)
6.4 Reasons for creating discretionary trusts
148(1)
6.4.1 Flexibility
148(1)
6.4.2 Protection of objects from creditors
148(1)
6.5 Administrative discretion
148(1)
6.6 Mere powers and trust powers
149(1)
6.7 Trust powers (discretionary trusts)
149(3)
6.8 Duties imposed on fiduciaries
152(1)
6.9 Control of trustees' discretion
153(3)
6.10 Status of objects under discretionary trusts
156(2)
6.10.1 Individual interest
156(2)
6.10.2 Group interest
158(1)
6.11 Protective trusts under s 33 of the Trustee Act 1925
158(4)
6.11.1 Determining events (forfeiture)
159(1)
6.11.2 Other examples of forfeiting events
160(2)
Sample essay question
162(1)
Further reading
162(1)
7 Resulting Trusts 163(42)
7.1 Introduction
163(1)
7.2 Automatic and presumed resulting trusts
164(4)
7.3 Automatic resulting trusts
168(12)
7.3.1 Quistclose analysis
172(5)
7.3.2 Surplus of trust funds
177(3)
7.4 Presumed resulting trusts
180(21)
7.4.1 Purchase in the name of another
181(2)
7.4.2 Voluntary transfer in the name of another
183(2)
7.4.3 Presumption of advancement
185(3)
7.4.4 Rebuttal of the presumptions
188(1)
7.4.5 Intended unlawful activity and rebuttal evidence
189(12)
Sample essay question
201(1)
Further reading
202(3)
8 Constructive Trusts I 205(80)
8.1 Introduction
205(1)
8.2 Constructive trusts/duty to account
206(2)
8.3 Institutional and remedial constructive trusts
208(2)
8.4 Recognised categories of constructive trusts
210(32)
8.4.1 Conflict of duty and interest
211(2)
8.4.2 Fiduciary relationship
213(2)
8.4.3 Unauthorised remuneration or financial benefit received by trustee or fiduciary
215(10)
8.4.4 Bribes or secret profits received by fiduciaries
225(10)
8.4.5 Trustee-director's remuneration
235(1)
8.4.6 Occasions when a trustee may receive remuneration
236(2)
8.4.7 Purchases of trust property (rule against self-dealing)
238(4)
8.5 Public policy and the Forfeiture Act 1982
242(6)
8.6 Contracts for the sale of land
248(1)
8.7 Equity will not allow a statute to be used as an engine for fraud
248(2)
8.8 Liability of strangers to account
250(32)
8.8.1 Introduction
250(2)
8.8.2 Trustees de son tort
252(1)
8.8.3 Knowingly receiving or dealing with trust property for his own use
253(6)
8.8.4 Alternative rationale of liability
259(6)
8.8.5 Dishonest assistance or accessory liability
265(2)
8.8.6 Royal Brunei v Tan analysis
267(3)
8.8.7 Dishonesty
270(12)
Sample essay question
282(2)
Further reading
284(1)
9 Constructive Trusts II - The Family Home 285(60)
9.1 Introduction
285(1)
9.2 Proprietary rights in the family home
285(25)
9.2.1 Legal title in the joint names of the parties
286(12)
9.2.2 Investment properties
298(7)
9.2.3 Legal title in the name of one party only
305(5)
9.3 Nature of the trust
310(23)
9.3.1 Common intention
313(3)
9.3.2 Domestic duties
316(1)
9.3.3 Indirect contributions
317(3)
9.3.4 The unwarranted requirement for express discussions between the parties
320(1)
9.3.5 Reliance and detriment
321(1)
9.3.6 Date and method of valuation of the interest
322(5)
9.3.7 Imputed intention
327(3)
9.3.8 Proprietary estoppel
330(3)
9.4 Section 37 of the Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act 1970
333(1)
9.5 Order of sale
333(1)
9.6 Status of ante-nuptial and post-nuptial agreements
334(7)
Sample essay question
341(2)
Further reading
343(2)
10 Secret Trusts And Mutual Wills 345(28)
10.1 Introduction
345(1)
10.2 Two types of secret trust
346(2)
10.3 Basis for enforcing secret trusts
348(2)
10.4 Requirements for the creation of fully secret trusts
350(5)
10.4.1 No agreement for transferee to hold as trustee
353(1)
10.4.2 Terms of trust not communicated
353(1)
10.4.3 Two or more legatees
354(1)
10.5 Requirements for the creation of half-secret trusts
355(5)
10.6 Unresolved issues connected with secret trusts
360(3)
10.6.1 Standard of proof
360(1)
10.6.2 Death of a secret beneficiary
361(1)
10.6.3 Death of a secret trustee
361(1)
10.6.4 Classification of secret trusts
362(1)
10.7 Mutual wills
363(8)
10.7.1 The agreement
364(2)
10.7.2 The effect of the agreement
366(3)
10.7.3 The scope of the agreement
369(2)
Sample essay question
371(1)
Further reading
372(1)
11 Private Purpose Trusts 373(28)
11.1 Introduction
373(1)
11.2 Reasons for failure of a private purpose trust
374(4)
11.2.1 Lack of beneficiaries
375(1)
11.2.2 Uncertainty
375(1)
11.2.3 Perpetuity rule
376(2)
11.3 Exceptions to the Astor principle
378(1)
11.3.1 Trusts for the maintenance of animals
378(1)
11.3.2 Monument cases
378(1)
11.3.3 Saying of masses
379(1)
11.4 The Denley approach
379(3)
11.5 Gifts to unincorporated associations
382(7)
11.6 Dissolution of unincorporated associations
389(10)
Sample essay question
399(1)
Further reading
400(1)
12 Charitable Trusts 401(68)
12.1 Introduction
401(2)
12.2 Certainty of objects
403(4)
12.3 Perpetuity
407(1)
12.4 The cy-pres doctrine
407(1)
12.5 Fiscal advantages
407(1)
12.6 Registration
407(1)
12.7 Status of charitable organisations
408(1)
12.8 Charitable purposes
409(2)
12.9 Public benefit or element
411(30)
12.9.1 Public benefit
411(6)
12.9.2 Public benefit and poverty exception
417(3)
12.9.3 Classification of charitable purposes
420(3)
12.9.4 Consideration of the charitable purposes
423(18)
12.10 Political purposes
441(5)
12.11 The cy-pres doctrine
446(16)
12.11.1 Impossibility
446(1)
12.11.2 Section 62 of the Charities Act 2011
447(5)
12.11.3 General charitable intention
452(8)
12.11.4 Sections 63-66 of the Charities Act 2011
460(2)
12.12 The Charity Commission
462(1)
12.13 Charity Tribunal (First Tier Tribunal)
463(1)
12.14 The Attorney General
463(1)
12.15 Litigation by charities
463(2)
Sample essay question
465(2)
Further reading
467(2)
13 Appointment, Retirement And Removal Of Trustees 469(14)
13.1 Introduction
469(1)
13.2 Appointment
469(7)
13.2.1 Creation of a new trust
469(1)
13.2.2 Continuance of the trust
470(6)
13.3 Retirement
476(1)
13.3.1 Retirement procedure under s 39
476(1)
13.3.2 Retirement under a court order
477(1)
13.4 Removal
477(3)
13.4.1 Court order
477(3)
Sample essay question
480(1)
Further reading
481(2)
14 Duties And Powers Of Trustees 483(46)
14.1 Introduction
483(1)
14.2 Duties of trustees
484(6)
14.2.1 Duty and standard of care at common law
484(5)
14.2.2 Duty and standard of care under the Trustee Act 2000
489(1)
14.3 Duty to act unanimously
490(1)
14.4 Duty to act impartially
491(3)
14.5 Duty to act personally
494(2)
14.5.1 Power to appoint nominees
495(1)
14.5.2 Power to appoint custodians
495(1)
14.5.3 Persons who may be appointed as nominees or custodians
495(1)
14.5.4 Review of acts of agents, nominees and custodians
495(1)
14.5.5 Liability for the acts of agents, nominees and custodians
496(1)
14.6 Other statutory provisions permitting delegation of discretion
496(1)
14.6.1 Delegation under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
496(1)
14.7 Exclusion clauses
497(4)
14.8 Duty to provide accounts and information
501(5)
14.9 Duty to distribute to the correct beneficiaries
506(1)
14.10 Duty not to make profits from the trust
507(8)
14.10.1 The rule against self-dealing
509(1)
14.10.2 The fair-dealing rule
510(1)
14.10.3 Remuneration and other financial benefits
511(4)
14.10.4 Competition with the trust
515(1)
14.11 Powers of investment
515(3)
14.11.1 Express power
515(1)
14.11.2 Statutory power under the Trustee Act 2000
516(2)
14.11.3 Enlargement of investment powers
518(1)
14.12 The right of beneficiaries to occupy land
518(1)
14.13 Powers of maintenance and advancement
519(4)
14.13.1 Power of maintenance
519(2)
14.13.2 Power of advancement
521(2)
14.14 Power of trustees to give receipts
523(1)
14.15 Power to partition land under a trust of land
523(3)
Sample essay question
526(1)
Further reading
527(2)
15 Variation Of Trusts 529(22)
15.1 Introduction
529(1)
15.2 The rule in Saunders v Vautier
530(1)
15.3 Variation of the management powers of trustees
530(2)
15.3.1 Inherent jurisdiction of the court
530(1)
15.3.2 Section 57 of the Trustee Act 1925
531(1)
15.4 Variation of beneficial interests
532(16)
15.4.1 Section 53 of the Trustee Act 1925
532(1)
15.4.2 Section 64 of the Settled Land Act 1925
533(1)
15.4.3 Sections 23 and 24 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973
533(1)
15.4.4 Section 96 of the Mental Health Act 1983
533(1)
15.4.5 Compromise (inherent jurisdiction)
533(1)
15.4.6 The Variation of Trusts Act 1958
534(14)
Sample essay question
548(1)
Further reading
549(2)
16 Breach Of Trust 551(76)
16.1 Introduction
551(1)
16.2 Measure of liability
551(13)
16.2.1 Interest
561(3)
16.3 Contribution and indemnity between trustees
564(3)
16.3.1 Fraudulent benefit from breach of trust
565(1)
16.3.2 Breach committed on advice of a solicitor-trustee
566(1)
16.3.3 The rule in Chillingworth v Chambers
567(1)
16.4 Defences to an action for breach of trust
567(23)
16.4.1 Knowledge and consent of the beneficiaries
567(1)
16.4.2 Impounding the interest of a beneficiary
568(1)
16.4.3 Relief under s 61 of the Trustee Act 1925
568(7)
16.4.4 Limitation and laches
575(15)
16.5 Proprietary claims (tracing or the claim in rem)
590(28)
16.5.1 Advantages of the proprietary claim over personal claims
592(1)
16.5.2 Tracing at common law
593(2)
16.5.3 Tracing in equity
595(23)
16.6 Tracing/subrogation
618(5)
Sample essay question
623(1)
Further reading
624(3)
17 Equitable Remedies Of Injunctions And Specific Performance 627(26)
17.1 Introduction
627(1)
17.2 Injunctions
628(1)
17.3 Underlying principles
629(5)
17.4 Types of injunctions
634(10)
17.4.1 Perpetual injunctions
635(1)
17.4.2 Prohibitory injunctions
635(1)
17.4.3 Mandatory injunctions
636(1)
17.4.4 Quia timet injunctions
637(1)
17.4.5 Interim injunctions
638(4)
17.4.6 Freezing injunctions
642(1)
17.4.7 Search orders (Anton Piller orders)
643(1)
17.5 Specific performance
644(1)
17.6 Underlying principles for specific performance
645(6)
17.6.1 Damages inadequate
645(1)
17.6.2 Discretionary nature of the remedy
646(1)
17.6.3 Contracts requiring supervision
647(1)
17.6.4 Contracts for personal services
647(1)
17.6.5 Agreements that are futile
648(1)
17.6.6 Mistake and misrepresentation
648(3)
Sample essay question
651(1)
Further reading
652(1)
Glossary 653(2)
Index 655
Mohamed Ramjohn LLB, LLM, CIOT, JP, Barrister at law. Associate Professor in Ealing Law School at the University of West London, Visiting Senior Fellow at the Russian State University of Justice. He has written several student books and articles on revenue law, evidence and equity.