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E-grāmata: Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy

Edited by (Teacher in Department of School Education at Govt. Inter College Chamtola, Almora, India), Edited by (Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (P.G) College of Biomedical and Natural Sciences Dehradun, India)
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Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy focuses on agriculturally important microorganisms (AIM’s) that are indigenous to soil and roots of the plant. These microbes contributing to nutrient balance, growth regulators, suppressing pathogens, alleviate stress response, orchestrating immune response and improving crop performance as they are offering sustainable and alternative solutions to the use of chemicals in agriculture. As plant microbe synergy is an enthralling subject, is multidisciplinary in nature, and concerns scientists involved in applied, and environmental microbiology and plant health and plant protection, Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy is an ideal resource that emphasizes the current trends of, and probable future of, microbes mediated amelioration of abiotic and biotic stress, agriculture sustainability, induced systemic tolerance and plant health protection. Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy discloses the microbial interaction for stress management and provides a better understanding to know the recent mechanisms to cope these environmental stresses. Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy bridges the gap in recent advances in the microbes interaction and rhizosphere engineering.
  • Emphasizes the plant microbes interactions, induced systemic tolerance, stress responsive genes and diversity of microorganisms
  • Illustrates the current impact of climate change on plant productivity along with mitigation strategies
  • Provides a two-way interactive approach to both plants and microbes, and includes multi-omics approaches
Contributors xiii
Chapter 1 Multiomics strategies for alleviation of abiotic stresses in plants
1(36)
Dinesh Chandra
Pankaj Bhatt
Introduction
1(4)
Plant responses to abiotic stress
2(3)
Abiotic stress alleviation by microbes
5(1)
Drought stress
5(5)
Salinity stress
10(1)
Heavy metal stress
10(6)
Heat stress
16(2)
Microbe-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in plants: The omics approaches
18(4)
Genomics
18(1)
Transcriptomics
19(1)
Metagenomics
20(1)
Proteomics
20(1)
Metabolomics
21(1)
Induction of abiotic stress-responsive genes for stress relief by PGPB
22(1)
Conclusions and future perspectives
23(1)
Acknowledgments
24(1)
References
24(13)
Chapter 2 Recent advances in the application of microbial inoculants in the phytoremediation of xenobiotic compounds
37(12)
Pankaj Bhatt
Parul Chaudhary
Sajjad Ahmad
Kalpana Bhatt
Dinesh Chandra
Shaohua Chen
Introduction
37(6)
Phytoextraction
41(1)
Rhizofiltration
42(1)
Phytostabilization
43(1)
Rhizospheric microbes for pollutant degradation
43(2)
Conclusions and future perspectives
45(1)
References
45(4)
Chapter 3 Multifaceted roles of root exudates in light of plant-microbe interaction
49(28)
Sayanta Mondal
Krishnendu Pramanik
Priyanka Pal
Soumik Mitra
Sudip Kumar Chosh
Tanushree Mondal
Tithi Soren
Tushar Kanti Maiti
Introduction
50(2)
Chapter Review Methodology
52(2)
Root Exudates: Natural Rhizodeposits of plants
54(2)
Root Exudates
55(1)
Border cells
55(1)
Mucilage
56(1)
Gaseous components
56(1)
Factors affecting the release of root exudates
56(3)
Physical factors
57(1)
Chemical factors
57(1)
Biological factors
58(1)
The mechanism of root exudation
59(1)
The role of root exudates in plant-microbe communication
60(1)
Positive interactions: Root colonization and stress tolerance
60(3)
Nitrogen-fixing symbionts
60(1)
Mycorrhizal associations
61(1)
Endophytic associations
62(1)
Plant-PGPR interactions
62(1)
Biotic stress tolerance: Biocontrol
63(1)
Abiotic stress tolerance: Bioremediation
64(1)
Negative interactions: Root exudate-mediated antagonistic activities
65(3)
Secretion of antimicrobials
65(2)
Biofilm inhibition
67(1)
Quorum-sensing mimics
67(1)
Tripartite interactions between plants, microbes, and nematodes
68(1)
The effects of root exudates on shaping rhizospheric microbial communities
69(2)
Conclusions
71(1)
Acknowledgments
71(1)
References
71(6)
Chapter 4 Elicitins as microbe-associated molecular patterns and their role in plant defense
77(10)
Satish Chandra
Ishwar Prakash Sharma
Introduction
77(1)
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
78(1)
PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)
79(1)
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI)
80(1)
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
81(1)
Induced systemic resistance (ISR)
82(1)
Elicitins
83(2)
Conclusions
85(1)
References
85(2)
Chapter 5 Molecular insights into stress-responsive genes in the mitigation of environmental stresses
87(32)
Narendra Kumar
Shulbhi Verma
Amit Kumar
Hemant Dasila
Deep Chandra Suyal
Carima Kumari
Sunita Rawat
Neha Jeena
Manish Singh
Abhishek Kumar
Introduction
88(1)
Stress: Abiotic and biotic
89(3)
Abiotic stress
89(2)
Biotic stress
91(1)
Impact of stresses on plant productivity
92(1)
Plant approaches for adaptation and mitigation against stresses
93(2)
Adaptations
93(1)
Mitigation
94(1)
Stress-responsive genes for mitigating abiotic stress responses in plants
95(10)
Drought
95(1)
Temperature stress
96(9)
Stress-responsive genes for mitigating biotic stress responses in plants
105(4)
Microbes and pathogens
105(1)
Nematodes
106(2)
Insects
108(1)
Conclusions
109(1)
References
110(7)
Further reading
117(2)
Chapter 6 Microbial diversity and root exudates as an important facet in the rhizosphere ecosystem
119(14)
Kunal Kumar
Introduction
119(2)
Plants releasing root exudates
121(1)
Types and forms of root exudates
122(1)
Variations in the metabolite profile among growth forms and within species
123(1)
Microbial diversity in response to root exudates
124(1)
Plant-plant interaction
125(1)
The mechanism of transport of root exudates into the rhizoplane
126(3)
Conclusions
129(1)
References
129(4)
Chapter 7 Advantages of using halotolerant/halophilic bacteria in agriculture
133(18)
Furkan Orhan
Derya Efe
Arzu Cormez
Introduction
133(2)
Halophilic/halotolerant bacteria and their importance in agricultural applications
135(6)
Alteration of the levels of plant hormones
136(2)
Nitrogen fixation
138(1)
Siderophore production
139(1)
Phosphate solubilization
139(1)
Antagonistic activity of halophilic bacteria
140(1)
EPS production
141(1)
Application of halophilic/halotolerant bacteria as plant growth-promoting agents
141(3)
Conclusions
144(1)
References
144(7)
Chapter 8 Inflection of the root microhiome by plants: Plant growth promotion and disease management
151(24)
Aakansha Verma
Sudha Bind
Jyoti Bajeli
Introduction
151(1)
Interactions between plants and the microbiota and associated soil
152(4)
Ecology of plant microbiomes
153(1)
Endophytes
154(1)
Epiphytes
155(1)
Rhizobiomes
155(1)
Plant microbiome function and interaction
156(4)
Nutrient acquisition and growth promotion
157(1)
Disease suppression
157(1)
Stress tolerance
158(2)
Factors affecting plant microbiomes
160(2)
Apprenticing and modulating plant microbiomes
162(1)
Plant-microbiome operation
163(2)
Positive interactions
163(1)
Negative interactions
164(1)
Conclusion and future perspectives
165(1)
References
166(9)
Chapter 9 The use of microbes as a combative strategy for alleviation of abiotic and biotic stresses
175(20)
N.S. Raja Gopalan
P.T. Nikhil
Raunak Sharma
Sridev Mohapatra
Introduction
176(1)
Abiotic and biotic stresses encountered by plants and how they inherently cope with them
176(2)
Abiotic stresses
176(2)
Biotic stresses
178(1)
Mechanisms of PGPM-mediated stress tolerance
178(1)
Microbial secretions that help in abiotic stress tolerance
178(3)
Exopolysaccharide production
178(1)
Production of phytohormones
179(1)
Secretion of 1-aminocyclopropane-l carboxylate (ACC) deaminase
180(1)
Production of compatible osmolytes and other metabolites
180(1)
Production of volatile organic compounds
181(1)
Plant responses to PGPM inoculation under abiotic stress
181(4)
Expression of stress-inducible genes
181(1)
Modulation in the levels of stress-induced metabolites
182(1)
Regulation of phytohormone signaling
183(1)
Mechanisms of PGPM-mediated biotic stress tolerance
184(1)
Production of antibiotics, lytic enzymes, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
184(1)
Production of siderophores
184(1)
Plant responses to PGPM inoculation under biotic stress
185(1)
Use of PGPR as agents of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance for sustainable agriculture
185(2)
References
187(8)
Chapter 10 Microbial nanotechnology: A green approach towards sustainable agriculture
195(78)
Sudha Bind
Sandhya Bind
Dinesh Chandra
Introduction
195(2)
Nanomaterials
197(1)
Synthesis of nanoparticles
197(1)
Nanoparticle synthesis by microbes
197(1)
The mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis
198(1)
Nanoparticle synthesis by fungi
198(1)
Nanoparticle synthesis by algae
199(1)
Nanoparticle synthesis by bacteria
199(2)
Nanoparticle synthesis by Actinomycetes
201(1)
Nanotechnology and sustainable agriculture
201(1)
Nanofertilizers
201(1)
Nanobiosensors
202(1)
Crop protectors
202(1)
Nanoherbicides
203(1)
Nanopesticides
203(1)
Applications of nanomaterials in disease management
203(2)
Effects of nanoparticles on seed germination and plant growth
205(1)
Nanotechnology in plant resistance
205(1)
Conclusions and future perspectives
205(1)
References
206(7)
Chapter 11 Microbial cross talk: Below and above ground
213(1)
Sandhya Bind
Sudha Bind
Anand Kumar
Dinesh Chandra
Introduction
213(2)
Beneficial functions of rhizospheric microbiomes
215(1)
Nutrient acquisition
216(1)
Stress tolerance
216(1)
Pathogen suppression
217(1)
Signal molecule-mediated communication between microorganisms and plants
218(1)
Cross talk between plants and microbes
218(2)
Impact of positive and negative interactions on plants and microbial diversity
220(1)
Understanding the below- and above-ground microbial interactions via omics studies
221(1)
Influence of below-ground microbiota on above-ground interactions
222(1)
Conclusions and future perspectives
222(1)
References
223(4)
Chapter 12 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and food security
227(18)
Fokom Raymond
Eke Pierre
Adamou Souleymanou
Ngo Oum Therese
Fekam Boyom Fabrice
Nwaga Dieudonne
Introduction
228(1)
Challenges to agricultural development: The driving force behind food security
228(1)
Agricultural sustainability as a viable option
229(2)
The general concept of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
231(2)
Direct benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
233(1)
AMF symbiosis improves nutritional status and crop growth
233(1)
AMF symbiosis improves crop yield
234(1)
Indirect benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
234(2)
AMF affect plant defense and disease resistance
234(2)
Quality of process products from AMF plants
236(1)
AMF improve soil quality and reduce soil erosion
237(2)
Single versus multiple species-based AMF inoculants for efficiency assurance
239(1)
Conclusions
240(1)
References
240(5)
Chapter 13 Microbe-mediated abiotic stress management for sustainable agriculture
245(18)
Satish Chandra Pandey
Veni Pande
Diksha Sati
Amir Khan
Ajay Veer Singh
Arjita Punetha
Yogita Martoliya
Mukesh Samant
Introduction
246(1)
Abiotic stresses and their impact on plant growth and development
246(1)
Temperature
247(1)
Salinity
248(1)
Drought stress
249(1)
Heavy metal stress
250(1)
UV radiation
251(1)
Alleviation of abiotic stress in plants by microorganisms
252(1)
Production of plant hormones
252(1)
Production of ACC deaminase
253(1)
Production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs)
253(1)
Production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs)
253(1)
Nutrient cycle management
253(1)
Rhizosphere management to improve soil and plant productivity
254(1)
Crop management
254(2)
Soil management
256(1)
Microbiological management
256(1)
Rhizospheric biota management through a holobiont approach
256(1)
Conclusions and future perspectives
257(1)
References
258(5)
Chapter 14 Role of microorganisms in alleviation of arsenic toxicity in plants
263(20)
Amir Khan
Bharti Kukreti
Govind Makarana
Deep Chandra Suyal
Ajay Veer Singh
Saurabh Kumar
Introduction
263(1)
The status of arsenic contamination in food crops
264(1)
Arsenic-resistant microorganisms
265(5)
Bacteria
266(2)
Fungi
268(1)
Archaebacteria
269(1)
Cyanobacteria
269(1)
Genetics of arsenic resistance in microorganisms
270(1)
Microorganisms-assisted phytoremediation and mechanisms of microorganisms-mediated arsenic bioremediation
270(4)
Oxidation of arsenite
273(1)
Methylation and demethylation
273(1)
Mobilization and immobilization
274(1)
Other mitigation strategies for reducing arsenic toxicity in plants
274(2)
Modifications in agronomical practices
274(1)
Applications of nanoparticles
275(1)
Genetic modifications in arsenic transporters in plants
275(1)
Conclusions
276(1)
References
276(7)
Chapter 15 Chemistry of plant microbe synergy in the rhizosphere
283(12)
Aparna B. Cunjal
Introduction
283(2)
Beneficial microorganisms
285(1)
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
285(1)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi
286(1)
Trichoderma: A biocontrol agent
287(1)
The rhizosphere: The main hotspot for microbial communities
287(1)
Microbial signaling molecules and quorum sensing
287(1)
Root exudates as plant-to-microbe signals
288(1)
Various mechanisms in plant-microbe interactions
289(1)
Antagonistic mechanisms for biological control of plant pathogens
289(2)
Colonization
290(1)
Competition
290(1)
Induced systemic resistance
290(1)
Antioxidants in plant-microbe interactions
291(1)
Conclusions
291(1)
References
292(3)
Index 295
Dr. Dinesh Chandra has completed his B.Sc. and M.Sc. from Kumaun University Nainital and Ph.D in Botany subject from Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, India. He is working as Assistant Teacher in Department of School Education at Govt. Inter College Chamtola, Almora, India. His research areas of expertise are plant microbe interaction; abiotic stress tolerance mechanism, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; Arbuscular micorrhizal fungi; etc. Dinesh has 25 publications to his credit. He has received 01 first runner up award for the best poster presentation.. Dr. Pankaj Bhatt completed his PhD. in microbiology from G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. His research focused on the molecular and microbiological basis of bioremediation. Dr Bhatt has published several articles in high impact factor leading journals including Scientific Reports, Frontiers in Microbiology, Chemosphere, Environmental research, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and 3-Biotech. He has also published several book chapters on microbial biotechnology. Presently he is working as a Post-Doctoral researcher at Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou China.