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xi | |
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xii | |
Acronyms |
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xiii | |
Glossary |
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xv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xix | |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (2) |
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Urban water cycle concept |
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3 | (4) |
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Total management of the urban water cycle |
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7 | (2) |
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Urban water cycle hydrologic components |
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9 | (10) |
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10 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Evaporation and evapotranspiration |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Lumped hydrologic abstractions |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Interflow and groundwater flow |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Natural drainage: urban streams, rivers and lakes |
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17 | (1) |
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Needs for urban water infrastructure |
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18 | (1) |
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Urban water infrastructure |
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19 | (48) |
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Demands on water services in urban areas |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (16) |
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Overview of situation in developing countries |
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23 | (1) |
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Middle East and North Africa (MENA) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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East, South and South-East Asia (ESSA) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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Water supply standards: quantity |
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27 | (1) |
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Water supply standards: quality |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Conjunctive use of sources and artificial recharge |
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30 | (1) |
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Supplementary sources of water |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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Example of improving the water supply in the Tehran Metropolitan Area |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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Water distribution systems |
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36 | (1) |
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Drinking water supplies in developing countries |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (13) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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Stormwater characterization |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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special considerations for drainage in cold climates |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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CSO control and treatment |
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49 | (1) |
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Wastewater and sanitation |
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50 | (17) |
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50 | (2) |
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Technological development |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Basic demands on wastewater management systems |
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54 | (1) |
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Wastewater characterization |
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55 | (1) |
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Wastewater systems without separation of wastewaters at the source |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Distributed (local) Systems |
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57 | (1) |
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Systems with separation of wastewaters at the source |
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58 | (1) |
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Wastewater treatment technologies for developing countries |
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59 | (1) |
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Case study of water pollution control in the Tehran Metropolitan Area |
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60 | (1) |
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Water and wastewater reuse |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Shinjuku water recycling centre, Tokyo, Japan |
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62 | (1) |
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Wetlands with fish production in Calcutta, India |
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63 | (1) |
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Reuse of (untreated) sewage for agricultural irrigation in the Mezquital Valley (Mexico City sewage disposal) |
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63 | (1) |
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Reuse of stormwater and greywater in Sydney, Australia |
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64 | (1) |
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Closing observations on wastewater management in developing countries |
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64 | (3) |
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Impacts of urbanization on the environment |
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67 | (42) |
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67 | (1) |
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General characterization of urbanization effects |
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68 | (5) |
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Increased ground imperviousness |
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69 | (1) |
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Changes in runoff conveyance networks |
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69 | (1) |
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Construction of runoff conveyance networks |
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70 | (1) |
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Canalization of urban streams and rivers |
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70 | (1) |
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Interfering transport infrastructures |
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71 | (1) |
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Increased water consumption |
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71 | (1) |
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Timescales of urbanization effects |
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72 | (1) |
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Types of receiving water and spatial scales |
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72 | (1) |
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Urbanization effects on the atmosphere |
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73 | (2) |
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Thermal effects (urban heat island phenomenon) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Urbanization effects on surface waters |
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75 | (16) |
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76 | (1) |
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Urbanization effects on flows |
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76 | (1) |
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Urbanization effects on sediment regime: erosion and siltation |
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76 | (1) |
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Modification of the thermal regime of receiving waters |
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77 | (1) |
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Density stratification of receiving water bodies |
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77 | (1) |
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Combined physical effects |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Dissolved oxygen reduction |
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79 | (1) |
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Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (4) |
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Indicators of microbiological pollution |
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85 | (1) |
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Combined effects on surface waters |
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86 | (1) |
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Exmples of urbanization effecfts on specific types of receiving waters |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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Urbanization effects on wetlands |
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91 | (3) |
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Urbanization effects on soils |
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94 | (5) |
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94 | (1) |
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Transport of pollutants in soils |
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95 | (1) |
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Changes in water quality during percolation through soils |
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96 | (1) |
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Effects of sludge disposal on soils |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Biosolids (sludge) application on land |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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New chemicals of concern in sludge |
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99 | (1) |
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Urban impacts on groundwater |
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99 | (4) |
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Unintentional discharges into groundwater aquifers |
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100 | (2) |
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Intentional discharges into groundwater aquifers |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Urban impacts on biota: loss of biodiversity |
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103 | (6) |
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General structure of water bodies and their biota |
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103 | (1) |
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Properties of the water bodies affecting flora and fauna |
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103 | (1) |
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Effects of alterations of urban water bodies on biota |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (4) |
References |
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113 | (14) |
Index |
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127 | |