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E-grāmata: US Agricultural and Food Policies: Economic Choices and Consequences

(Southwest Minnesota State University, USA), (Southwest Minnesota State University, USA),
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Policy analysis is a dynamic process of discovery rather than a passive exercise of memorizing facts and conclusions. This text provides opportunities to practice the craft of policy analysis by engaging the reader in realistic case studies and problem-solving scenarios that require the selection and use of applicable investigative techniques. US Agricultural and Food Policies will assist undergraduate students to learn how policy choices impact the overall performance of agricultural and food markets. It encourages students to systematically investigate scenarios with appropriate positive and normative tools. The book emphasizes the importance of employing critical thinking skills to address the complexities associated with the design and implementation of twenty-first-century agricultural and food policies. Students are asked to suspend their personal opinions and emotions, and instead apply research methods that require the careful consideration of both facts and values. The opportunities to build these investigative skills are abundant when we consider the diversity of modern agricultural and food policy concerns. Featuring case studies and critical thinking exercises throughout and supported by a Companion Website with slides, a test bank, glossary, and web/video links, this is the ideal textbook for any agricultural policy class.

Recenzijas

An ambitious, comprehensive examination of U.S. agricultural and food policies initiated with extensive historical backgrounds, explained with strong statistical rigor, and employing a diverse collection of economic models and graphical illustrations. The text identifies key issues facing both policy makers and subjects today through applications to appropriate scenarios with arguments based on a broad collection of classic and contemporary economic literature. Dr. C. Robert Stark, Jr., Professor of Agriculture Economics and Extension Economist, School of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Monticello, USA.

List of figures
x
List of tables
xii
List of check boxes
xiii
Preface xiv
1 An introduction to policy analysis
1(18)
An initial perspective on policymaking
2(1)
Role of this chapter and the educational aims of this textbook
2(3)
Tools for policy analysis and evaluation
5(5)
Influential US policies in the 21st Century: the 2010 FSMA, the 2014 Farm Bill, and the 2015 Trade Act
10(4)
Suggested guidelines for using this textbook
14(1)
Organization of the textbook chapters
14(3)
Summary
17(1)
Notes
17(2)
2 Twenty-first-century trends, opportunities, and challenges for US agriculture and food systems
19(41)
Purpose and organization of chapter
20(1)
Twentieth-century influences on current US agriculture and food systems
21(8)
Twenty-first-century policy choices and consequences for US farm and food systems
29(15)
Macroeconomic influences on twenty-first-century US farm and food sector performance
44(3)
Twenty-first-century environmental, energy, and climatic effects on US farm and food sector policies and performance
47(9)
Review of challenges and opportunities influencing the US agri-food system's future
56(1)
Notes
56(4)
3 A Policy Analysis Toolbox: methods to investigate agricultural and food market scenarios
60(50)
Organization of chapter
62(1)
Tools for positive economic analysis
63(3)
Supply and demand: fundamentals of market analysis
66(9)
Analyzing proportionate market responses: demand-and' Supply elasticities
75(11)
Using consumer and producer surplus to estimate changes in economic welfare and efficiency
86(6)
The economic influence of the law of comparative advantage on US food and agriculture
92(5)
Probing US agri-food sector economic performance using the concepts of market externalities and public goods
97(6)
Using public choice economics to interpret and improve US agri-food system policies
103(4)
Conclusions
107(1)
Notes
108(2)
4 Analyzing economic consequences of farm safety net programs in the 2014 Farm Bill
110(42)
What are the origins of the farm safety net?
111(1)
Organization of chapter
112(1)
A Review of the 2014 Farm Bill's Title I -- Subtitle A: commodity policy
113(4)
Title I -- Subtitle B: Marketing Assistance Loan Program
117(2)
Title I -- Subtitle C: The US Sugar Program
119(2)
Title 1 -- Subtitle D: The US Dairy Program
121(6)
Title 1 -- Subtitle E: Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs
127(2)
A Review of the 2014 Farm Bill's Title XI: Crop Insurance
129(6)
Economic effects of the 2014 Farm Bill's farm safety net
135(12)
Summary of chapter and the road ahead
147(1)
Notes
147(5)
5 The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA): evaluating costs and benefits
152(19)
Organization of chapter
154(1)
Recognize and gauge the costs of implementing the FSMA
154(3)
Recognize and gauge the benefits of implementing the FSMA
157(2)
Common pitfalls when enumerating costs and benefits
159(1)
Using the equimarginal principle in CBA to determine optimal resource allocation
160(2)
Discounting FSMA's future benefits and costs into present values
162(4)
Decision making under uncertainty, and its FSMA relevance
166(2)
CBA, FSMA, and income distribution impacts
168(1)
Summary
169(1)
Notes
169(2)
6 US agricultural and food sector connections to the global economy
171(20)
Organization of chapter
172(1)
Globalization patterns and their influence on the economics of US food and agriculture
173(7)
The competing roles of multilateralism, regionalism, and protectionism in the establishment of US trade policy
180(6)
Efficiency and distributional outcomes of US agricultural and food trade policies
186(3)
Summary
189(1)
Notes
189(2)
7 Analyzing effects of USDA nutrition programs on hunger and food security in the US
191(26)
Organization of chapter
192(1)
Food safety nets
192(2)
A Review of federal nutrition programs
194(3)
Evaluating impacts of nutrition programs on food insecurity and hunger
197(1)
Economic analysis of in-kind transfer programs
198(6)
The challenges of interpreting the evidence for nutrition program effects on food budgets and security
204(2)
Nutritional policy paradox: the dual problems of obesity and food insecurity
206(2)
The USDA's Thrifty Food Plan
208(3)
The roles of the low-cost, moderate-cost, and liberal USDA Food Plans
211(1)
MyPlate vs. MyPyramid: changing USDA nutritional recommendations to household consumers
212(1)
Summary and future food policy choices
213(1)
Notes
214(3)
8 Economic choices and outcomes for agriculture, natural resources, and the environment
217(39)
Conservation ethics and economics
218(1)
Organization of chapter
219(1)
A Model for intertemporal analysis of agricultural, natural resource, and environmental relationships, and economic outcomes
219(10)
Interpreting empirical trends in US agricultural resource utilization and conservation
229(3)
Land use and soil conservation indicators
232(7)
Agricultural and related influences on the economics of water use
239(7)
Agriculture's role in energy and climate change policies
246(5)
Summary
251(1)
Notes
251(5)
9 Research, technology, and the growth of sustainable agricultural production
256(16)
Organization of chapter
257(1)
Economic forces driving change in agricultural productivity and sustainability
258(4)
Integrating sustainability and climate change considerations with productivity analysis
262(2)
Alternative agricultural productivity scenarios and associated policy options
264(4)
Summary and conclusions: the future of US agricultural productivity possibilities
268(1)
Notes
269(3)
10 Exploring the multi-dimensional aspects of food security
272(15)
The global and local challenges of food insecurity
273(1)
Organization of chapter
274(1)
Defining levels of food security and insecurity
274(2)
Examining US and global responses to food insecurity
276(5)
Exploring relationships between food security and food systems
281(1)
The capacity of local food system innovation to improve household food security in the US
282(1)
Private--public partnerships, local leadership, and the future of sustainable food-secure solutions
283(1)
Summary, conclusions, and a look forward
284(1)
Notes
285(2)
11 Twenty-first-century perspectives on rural development
287(13)
An opening viewpoint: business succession and rural development
287(1)
Introduction
288(1)
Organization of chapter
289(1)
Evolving role of agriculture in rural development
289(1)
The need for comprehensive approaches to rural development
290(1)
Case study: palm oil production and its connection to Nigerian rural development
290(2)
Proposals to modernize rural development policies
292(1)
Analyzing US and global rural development patterns
293(1)
Anticipating future challenges and opportunities in rural development policy
294(3)
Conclusions, and what's next?
297(1)
Notes
297(3)
12 Current developments and new dynamics influencing agricultural and food policy
300(21)
Organization of chapter
302(1)
Analyzing the economic potentials of women, socially disadvantaged groups, and veterans as new market entrants and small-scale operators
302(7)
The expanding role of local food markets in the US agri-food system
309(3)
Reviewing the economic effects of organic, sustainable, and related certifications on US local, regional, and national food markets
312(3)
The mounting importance of agricultural literacy
315(2)
Conclusions
317(1)
Notes
317(4)
13 When policies work at cross-purposes: addressing challenges and pursuing opportunities
321(16)
Organization of chapter
322(1)
Challenges of agricultural and food policy coordination
323(2)
Reviewing 2014 Farm Bill program goals in relation to US WTO trade commitments
325(2)
Agri-food policies and their interactions with natural resources, the environment, and climate change
327(3)
Identifying linkages and disconnects between US agricultural and nutrition policies
330(1)
Intended and actual effects of conservation cross-compliance
331(2)
The prospects for agri-food policy innovation
333(1)
Notes
334(3)
14 Anticipating future trends in agricultural and food policy
337(17)
The Global Food Security Act of 2016
337(2)
Organization of chapter
339(1)
Positive and normative influences on the future of agricultural and food policy
340(3)
Structural transformation versus marginal adjustment: how will US agri-food policy change?
343(3)
Reconciling divergent agendas: food policy, environmental policy, and agricultural policy
346(2)
What is the future of farm and food policy and why should we care about it?
348(1)
Ideas to consider: what can be done to learn, influence, and improve agri-food system policy?
349(1)
A Summary of the lessons and perspectives offered in this agri-food policy textbook
350(1)
Notes
351(3)
Index 354
Gerald D. Toland, Jr. is a Professor of Economics at Southwest Minnesota State University, USA.



William E. Nganje is a Professor in the Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, USA.



Raphael Onyeaghala is a Dean of the College of Business, Education, Graduate, and Professional Studies at Southwest Minnesota State University, USA.