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A Concept of Disease, Immunity and Treatment |
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1 | (20) |
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Causes of disease: infectious agents; nutritional deficiency and excess; metabolic disorders; poisoning; physical injury; congenital disorders |
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Defences against disease: physical and chemical defences; the immune system; stress and the immune system; inflammation and hypersensitivity |
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Principles of treatment: specific drug treatment; supportive therapy; nursing |
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21 | (40) |
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The importance of colostrum: absorption of antibodies, inadequate colostrum intakes; frozen colostrum; stored colostrum |
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Digestion: the oesophageal groove closure reflex; achieving good groove closure; the abomasal milk clot; problems with milk substitutes |
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Diseases of the calf: scouring; causes of calf scour; rotavirus; coronavirus; cryptosporidium; E. coli; salmonellosis; treatment of scour; prevention and control of scour |
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Navel problems: navel structure; navel ill; umbilical hernia; joint ill |
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Other calf diseases: meningitis; middle ear disease; calf diptheria; heart defects |
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61 | (22) |
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Digestive problems: pot bellies; chronic diarrhoea; rumen bloat; colic; coccidiosis; salmonellosis; necrotic enteritis |
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Deficiency diseases: muscular dystrophy; tendon rupture |
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Nervous diseases: lead poisoning; cerebrocortial necrosis (CCN) |
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83 | (32) |
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Common causes of failure to thrive |
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Stomach and intestinal worms: ostertagia; lungworm |
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The viral diseases: IBR; BVD; MCF; BPS |
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Eye disorders: the normal eye; New Forest eye; foreign bodies; IBR, irritation caused by flies or ultra-violet sunlight; tumour of the third eyelid; physical injury and hyphaema; bovine iritis |
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The clostridial diseases: tetanus; blackleg; black disease; botulism; ryegrass staggers |
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115 | (38) |
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Gestation length and dystocia: the birth process; structure of the placenta; freemartin calves; calving facilities; signs of calving, stages of labour; manual examination; births needing assistance; calf resuscitation; calves born dead; the post calving check; calving aids; abnormalities requiring correction |
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The `downer' cow: causes of the `downer' cow; care of the down cow |
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Other post calving complications: retained placenta; metritis; vaginal infections; rectovaginal fistula; prolapsed uterus; prolapse of the cervix and vagina |
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153 | (22) |
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The nature of metabolic disease; metabolic profile tests; milk fever; hypomagnesaemia (grass staggers); acetonaemia; fatty liver syndrome; acidosis; factors affecting milk quality |
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Mastitis and Conditions of the Udder |
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175 | (56) |
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Mechanisms of milk synthesis |
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The control of milk production and let-down |
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Teat and udder defences: teat defences; udder defences |
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The milking routine and mastitis control: teat preparation; use of gloves; mastitis detection |
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The effect of the milking machine: unit alignment; liner slip and teat end impacts; the importance of pulsation; removal of the cluster at the end of milking; liner and other rubberware; overmilking, Milking the mastitic cow, post milking teat disinfection: potential disadvantages of post milking teat disinfection |
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The environment and mastitis |
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Treatment of mastitis: choice of antibiotic; taking a milk sample for bacteriology; antibiotic sensitivity testing; factors affecting treatment efficacy; inserting an intramammary tube; other mastitis treatments |
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Mastitis records and targets |
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Total bacterial count of milk |
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Antibiotic residues in milk |
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Uncommon causes of mastitis: Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and micrococci; mycoplasma; yeasts; leptospira hardjo; pseudomonas, klebsiella, bacillus species; gangrenous mastitis |
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Disorders of the teat and udder: milking machine damage; blackspot; cut teats; udder oedema and necrotic dermatitis; pseudocowpox; bovine herpes mamillitis; udder impetigo; teat warts; teat chaps; milk let-down failure; blind quarters; blood in milk; pea in teat |
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Fertility and its Control |
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231 | (48) |
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Costs of a missed heat: extended calving intervals |
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The components of the calving interval |
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The oestrus cycle: physical changes; hormonal changes; recognition of pregnancy detection; action of fertility cycle drugs; embryo transfer; cystic ovaries; failure to cycle |
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Pregnancy detection: milk progesterone tests; ultrasound scanning; bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein; rectal palpatation; oestrone sulphate |
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Heat detection: measurement of heat detection |
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Synchronisation of oestrus: prostaglandin; progesterone releasing devices; effective synchronisation |
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Causes of low conception rates: poor embryo recognition, serving too soon after calving; poor heat detection, timing of insemination, endometritis; fatty liver; genital and other infections; stress; poor handling facilities; operator technique; semen quality; nutrition |
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The repeat breeder cow: adhesions; use of GnRH; use of embryos; dosing individual cows |
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Preventive medicine and herd facility management: the costs of disease; use of records |
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Lameness and Foot Trimming |
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279 | (50) |
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The structure of the foot: the hoof, the corium, the bones |
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Hoof overgrowth: effects of overgrowth |
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Foot trimming: lifting the foot; equipment used; trimming technique |
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Sole ulcers and white line disease: coriosis; sole ulcers; heel and toe ulcers; white line diseases; causes and controlo of sole ulcers and white line diseases |
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Other causes of foot lameness: foreign body penetration of the sole; slurry heel; haematoma in the heel; vertical fissures; hardship lines; horizontal fissures; interdigital necrobacillosis; digital dermatitis; interdigital skin hyperplasia; mud fever; fracture of the pedal bone; pedal bone tip necrosis; pedal arthritis |
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Nursing, footbaths, dressings and blocks: nursing; footbaths; foot dressings and blocks |
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Lameness due to leg disorders: knocked down pin bone; split H-bones; dislocated hip; fractures; spinal abscess and osteomyelitis; arthritis and stifle ligament rupture; capped knee and hocks, cellulitis; radial nerve paralysis; spastic paresis; contracted tendons |
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329 | (18) |
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Parasitic causes: ringworm; lice; mange; warble fly; fly strike |
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Infectious causes: lumpy jaw; wooden tongue; jaw abscesses; malignant oedema; warts; skin tumours, skin TB |
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Toxic causes: photosensitisation, urticaria, septicaemia, scouring, poorly mixed milk substitute, alopecia |
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Traumatic injuries: haematomas, bursitis, abscesses, sterile abscesses; cellulitis, ingrowing horns, burns, tail injuries |
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Notifiable Diseases, Salmonellosis and Zoonoses |
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347 | (24) |
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Notifiable diseases: anthrax; foot-and-mouth disease; brucellosis; warble flies, enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL); tuberculosis (TB); bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE); salmonellosis; zoonoses |
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Minerals, Trace Elements, Vitamins and Water |
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371 | (18) |
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Minerals and trace elements: calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; sodium; potassium; copper; cobalt; iodine; manganese; zinc; iron; selenium |
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Ways of improving trace element status |
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Vitamins: vitamin A; vitamin D; vitamin K; B vitamins; vitamin C |
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Miscellaneous Digestive, Respiratory and Other Conditions |
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389 | (38) |
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The digestive tract: the teeth; choke, vomiting; bloat; overeating syndrome; the cold cow syndrome; rumen impaction; wire; vagus indigestion, forestomach obstruction; left-sided displaced abomasum; right-sided abomasal dilation and torsion; abomasal ulcer; intestinal obstruction; winter dysentery, dilation and torsion of the caecum; Johne's disease; liver fluke |
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Respiratory diseases: fog fever; pulmonary haemorrhage; allergic respiratory diseases |
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Tick-borne diseases: redwater; tick-borne fever |
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Disorders of the heart and circulation: endocartitis, congestive heart failure |
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Disorders of the urogenital system: hydrops of the uterus; abscesses, tumours and polyps; cystitis and pyelonephritis |
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Disorders of male reproduction: damage to the prepuce; balanoposthitis; orchitis and testicular swellings; fracture of the penis; corkscrew penis |
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Miscellaneous conditions: listeriosis; blindness; Aujeszky's disease, the PPH syndrome; bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV); lightning strike and electrocution; bovine influenza A |
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Routine Tasks and Dealing with Poisons |
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427 | (26) |
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Responsible use, storage and disposal of medicines |
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Removing supernumerary teats |
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Casting a cow -- Reuff's method |
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Hormone implants and growth promoters |
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453 | (5) |
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Appendix 1: Normal values -- temperature, pulse, respiration, rumination, sleep |
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Appendix 2: lists of clinical signs |
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| Index |
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458 | |
