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Veterinary Nurse's Practical Guide to Small Animal Anaesthesia [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (Royal Veterinary College, UK)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, height x width x depth: 244x170x18 mm, weight: 771 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Apr-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119716926
  • ISBN-13: 9781119716921
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Veterinary Nurse's Practical Guide to Small Animal AnaesthesiaPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, height x width x depth: 244x170x18 mm, weight: 771 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Apr-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119716926
  • ISBN-13: 9781119716921
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781119716921.html
Keywords:

An accessible guide to small animal anaesthesia for the veterinary practice

The Veterinary Nurse’s Practical Guide to Small Animal Anaesthesia meets the need for a single practical guide to veterinary anaesthesia and its potential complications. Written by practicing veterinary nurses, the guide analyzes each stage in turn, beginning with a discussion of pre-assessment and pre-medication of patients. Most critically, it reviews the normal functioning of each physiological system in small animals before detailing common problems caused in these systems by anaesthesia.

Developed for the day-to-day needs of veterinary nurses, readers will also find:

  • Step-by-step guides to addressing specific issues such as GDV, brachycephalic patients, aggressive patients, and more
  • Detailed guidelines for interpreting common test results and biometrics such as capnography and ECGs
  • Chapters designed for easy reference in specific emergency situations

The Veterinary Nurse’s Practical Guide to Small Animal Anaesthesia is an essential tool for veterinary nurses and veterinary technicians.

Recenzijas

"This book would make an excellent addition to any anaesthetic VNs bookshelf, and will definitely become a go-to book of choice for those working in this field. This is one of the few anaesthesia based textbooks, that not only has VNs as the target audience, but is written by them too.  Helpful top tips provide great information and handy ideas for thereader and the book contains case reports on anaesthetic planning and preparation for a variety of patients, including for compromised and emergency patients." - Claire Carr, Head Vet Nurse at Vets4Pets Leeds Birstall. Published in Vet Record (Nov 23)

"it is hoped that the publication of this book will empower RVNs with knowledge that can help them provide anaesthesia management that is as safe as possible for those in their care." - RVC News, May 23

This book by our anaesthesia RVNs is built up from many years working in a highly collaborative and supportive team environment and it's great to see this team passing on their knowledge, expertise and experience to empower others in their learning. It's an essential read for anyone doing anaesthetics; VNs and vets in clinical practice, to help them gain confidence in being able to deal with all aspects of small animal anaesthesia." - Perdi Welsh, Director of Veterinary Nursing, Principal Teaching Fellow and Course Director for Certificates in Advanced Veterinary Nursing and School of Veterinary Nursing at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC)

"The specialist anaesthesia nurses covered a variety of skills and qualifications, including an American Vet Tech Specialist (VTS) in anaesthesia and analgesia plus RVNs with the national certificate in anaesthesia and analgesia plus a PGCert AVN in anaesthesia and analgesia. The guide breaks down the anaesthetic process, discussing choice of anaesthetic agents and monitoring equipment and features case studies involving commonly occurring challenges and approaches to these. Each chapter ends with a quick reference guide for emergency situations." - Laboratory News (May 23)

List of Contributors
xv
Preface xvii
1 Pre-Anaesthetic Assessment and Premedication
1(18)
Niamh Clancy
Patient Assessment
3(6)
History
3(1)
Physical Examination
4(1)
Cardiac and Thoracic Auscultation
4(2)
Body Condition Scoring (BCS)
6(1)
Hydration
7(1)
Patient Temperament
7(1)
Other Considerations
7(2)
Premedication
9(8)
Administration of Premedication
15(2)
Acknowledgements
17(1)
References
17(2)
2 Interpreting Blood Results
19(12)
Joanna Williams
Haematology
19(4)
Red Blood Cell Count and Packed Cell Volume (RBC and PCV)
19(1)
High PCV
19(1)
Low PCV
20(1)
White Blood Cell (WBC) and Neutrophil Count
20(1)
High Count
20(1)
Low Count
20(1)
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
21(1)
Eosinophils and Basophils
21(1)
Platelets
21(1)
High Count
21(1)
Low Count
21(2)
Biochemistry
23(3)
Proteins (TP, ALB, GLOB)
24(1)
High Levels (Hyperproteinaemia)
24(1)
Low Levels (Hypoproteinaemia)
24(1)
Hepatic Parameters (ALKP, ALT, BIL)
25(1)
High Levels
25(1)
Renal Parameters (CREA, BUN, InPHOS)
25(1)
High Levels
25(1)
Low Levels
26(1)
Glucose (GLU)
26(1)
High Levels (Hyperglycaemia)
26(1)
Low Levels (Hypoglycaemia)
26(1)
Electrolytes
26(3)
Sodium (Na+)
26(1)
High Levels
26(1)
Low Levels
27(1)
Potassium (K+)
27(1)
High Levels
27(1)
Low Levels
27(1)
Calcium (Ca2+)
28(1)
High Levels
28(1)
Low Levels
28(1)
Conclusion
29(1)
References
29(2)
3 Cardiovascular Physiology
31(11)
Joanna Williams
Blood Flow Through the Heart
32(1)
Conduction Through the Heart
33(1)
Vascular System
34(2)
Pulmonic Circulation
34(1)
Systemic Circulation
35(1)
Cardiac Output
36(3)
Stroke Volume
36(2)
Heart Rate
38(1)
Anaesthetic Considerations for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
39(2)
References
41(1)
4 Respiratory Physiology and Ventilation
42(21)
Ioan Holbon
Respiratory Anatomy
42(2)
Pulmonary Ventilation
43(1)
Central Regulation of Respiration
44(1)
Chemical Regulation of Respiration
44(1)
Mechanics of Breathing
44(1)
Inspiration
45(1)
Expiration
45(1)
The Effects of Anaesthesia on Normal Respiratory Physiology
45(1)
Indications for Ventilation
46(2)
Initiation of Ventilation
48(1)
Manual Ventilation
49(1)
Mechanical Ventilation
50(1)
Volume Cycling Versus Pressure Cycling Ventilation
51(2)
Positive End-expiratory Pressure (PEEP) and Alveolar Recruitment Manoeuvres (ARM)
53(1)
4.1 Possible Harmful Effects of Artificial Ventilation
54(3)
Ventilation Strategies to Prevent Some of the Possible Negative Effects of IPPV
57(1)
On the Lungs
57(1)
On the Cardiovascular System
57(1)
On the Intracranial Pressure
57(1)
On Blood Gas and Acid-Base Disturbances
57(1)
Troubleshooting During Mechanical Ventilation
58(1)
Anaesthetic Machine and Breathing System
58(1)
Ventilators
58(1)
Patient
58(1)
Weaning the Patient Off the Ventilator
58(2)
References
60(3)
5 Blood Pressure Regulation and Monitoring
63(15)
Leanne Smith
What Factors Contribute to Blood Pressure
63(1)
The Importance of Blood Pressure Regulation During Anaesthesia
64(2)
How Do We Measure Blood Pressure?
66(4)
Non-invasive/Indirect Blood Pressure Monitoring
66(2)
Doppler
68(1)
Oscillometry
69(1)
High Definition Oscillometry (HDO) Devices
69(1)
Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring
70(1)
Treatment of Hypotension Under General Anaesthesia
70(1)
Drugs to Treat Hypotension
71(3)
Positive Inotropes
73(1)
Adrenaline/Epinephrine, Ephedrine, Dobutamine, Dopamine, Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine
73(1)
Vasopressors
73(1)
Adrenaline/Epinephrine, Dopamine, Ephedrine, Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine, Vasopressin
73(1)
Anticholinergics
74(1)
Glycopyrolate, Atropine
74(1)
Treatment of Hypertension Under General Anaesthesia
74(1)
Summary
75(1)
Quick Reference Terminology and Definitions
75(1)
References
76(2)
6 Capnography and Spirometry
78(19)
Lisa Angell
Capnography/Capnometry
78(1)
Capnograph Device Options
79(2)
Information Provided from a Capnograph
81(7)
Carbon Dioxide
81(1)
Interpretation of Carbon Dioxide Values
82(5)
The Normal Capnogram
87(1)
Analysis of the Capnogram
88(1)
Common Abnormal Capnography Waveforms and Their Interpretation
89(6)
Spirometry
95(1)
Acknowledgements
95(1)
References
96(1)
7 Pulse Oximetry
97(16)
Ana Carina Costa
Introduction
97(1)
How Does the Pulse Oximeter Work?
97(3)
Data Interpretation
100(1)
SpO2 and PaO2
100(2)
Hypoxaemia
102(2)
Plethysmograph
104(3)
Anaemia and Abnormal Haemoglobin Forms
107(1)
Anaemia
107(1)
Methaemoglobin
108(1)
Carboxyhaemoglobin
108(1)
Tips and Tricks
108(3)
Advanced Technology - Masimo Pulse Co-Oximetry
111(1)
References
111(2)
8 Practical ECGs
113(26)
Courtney Scales
ECG Fundamentals
114(7)
Normal Conduction
114(1)
The ECG Machine
115(2)
The ECG Cables
117(2)
The ECG Complex
119(2)
Common ECG Complexes and Rhythms
121(3)
Sinus Rhythms
121(1)
Normal Sinus Rhythm
122(1)
Sinus Arrhythmia
122(1)
Sinus Tachycardia
123(1)
Sinus Bradycardia
124(1)
Supraventricular Arrhythmias
124(4)
Atrial Fibrillation
125(1)
Second Degree Atrioventricular Block
125(2)
Third Degree Atrioventricular Block
127(1)
Sick Sinus Syndrome
128(1)
Ectopic Ventricular Complexes
128(3)
Ventricular Premature Complex
129(2)
Ventricular Escape Complex
131(1)
Ventricular Arrhythmias
131(7)
Ventricular Tachycardia
132(1)
Accelerated Idiopathic Ventricular Rhythm
132(1)
Ventricular Fibrillation
133(5)
References
138(1)
9 Fluid Therapy
139(20)
Niamh Clancy
Fluid Distribution and Composition
139(2)
Movement of Fluid in the Body
141(1)
Fluid Disturbances
142(3)
Dehydration vs. Hypovolemia
143(2)
Intravenous Fluid Therapy During the Peri-Anaesthetic Period
145(1)
Fluid Selection
146(5)
Crystalloids
146(1)
Hartmann's Solution/Compound Sodium Lactate
146(2)
Lactated Ringer's Solution
148(1)
Normal Saline
148(1)
5% Dextrose Solution
148(1)
Hypertonic Saline
148(1)
Colloids
149(1)
Gelatines
149(1)
Dextrans
150(1)
Hydroxyethylstarches (HES)
150(1)
Albumin
150(1)
Whole Blood
150(1)
Plasma (Fresh/Fresh Frozen/Stored)
151(1)
Fluid Supplementation
151(2)
Potassium
151(1)
Sodium Bicarbonate
152(1)
Calcium
152(1)
Glucose
152(1)
Fluid Delivery Systems
153(4)
Giving Sets
153(2)
Fluid Pumps and Syringe Drivers
155(2)
References
157(2)
10 Induction Agents
159(16)
Ana Carina Costa
Stages of General Anaesthesia
159(1)
Injectable Anaesthetics
160(11)
Propofol
160(1)
Pharmacokinetic Properties
160(1)
Pharmacodynamic Properties
161(1)
Tips and Tricks
161(1)
Special Considerations
162(1)
Alfaxalone
162(1)
Pharmacokinetic Properties
163(1)
Pharmacodynamic Properties
163(1)
Tips and Tricks
163(1)
Special Considerations
163(1)
Propofol and Alfaxalone Total Intravenous Anaesthesia - TIVA
164(1)
Special Considerations
164(2)
Ketamine
166(1)
Pharmacokinetic Properties
167(1)
Pharmacodynamic Properties
167(1)
Tips and Tricks
168(1)
Special Considerations
168(1)
Co-Induction
168(1)
Special Considerations
169(1)
Etomidate
170(1)
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties
170(1)
Special Considerations
171(1)
Thiopental
171(1)
Inhalational Anaesthesia Induction
171(1)
Acknowledgements
172(1)
References
173(2)
11 Inhalant Anaesthetic Agents
175(19)
Niamh Clancy
Pharmacokinetics of Inhalant Agents
175(2)
Distribution
175(1)
The Inspired Concentration of Inhalants
176(1)
Blood: Gas Solubility
176(1)
Ventilation
177(1)
Elimination
177(1)
Minimal Alveolar Concentration (MAC)
177(2)
The Ideal Inhalant Agent
179(1)
Physiological Effects of Inhalant Agents
180(2)
Isoflurane
182(1)
Sevoflurane
182(1)
Desflurane
183(1)
Vaporisers
183(3)
Saturated Vapour Pressure
183(3)
Desflurane
186(1)
Position on the Back Bar
187(1)
Key Fill Systems
187(3)
Nitrous Oxide
190(1)
Advantages and Clinical Uses
191(1)
Disadvantages
191(1)
Personal Safety
191(1)
Monitoring of Exposure
192(1)
Limiting of Exposure
192(1)
References
192(2)
12 Intubation
194(18)
Carol Hoy
Placement of an ETT
195(1)
Equipment
196(6)
ETT or Similar Device
196(1)
Laryngeal Masks
197(1)
Armoured ETT
198(1)
Securing the ETT
199(1)
Laryngoscope
199(1)
A Stylet
199(1)
Lidocaine
200(2)
Technique
202(4)
Confirming Placement
204(1)
Inflating the Cuff
205(1)
Cleaning ETT
206(1)
Alternative Intubation Techniques
206(2)
Nasotracheal Intubation
206(1)
Intubation Using a Pharyngotomy
207(1)
Retrograde Intubation
207(1)
One Lung Intubation
207(1)
Tracheostomy
208(1)
Troubleshooting
208(2)
Brachycephalic Patients
209(1)
Equipment for Difficult Intubation
209(1)
How to Deal with an ETT that Is Difficult to Remove
210(1)
Summary
210(1)
References
210(2)
13 The Anaesthetic Machine and Breathing Systems
212(39)
Courtney Scales
Introduction
212(1)
Gas Supply
212(13)
Oxygen Cylinders
214(1)
Nitrous Oxide Cylinders
214(1)
Oxygen Concentrators
215(1)
Cylinder Manifold
216(2)
Liquid Oxygen
218(1)
Pressure Gauges and Regulators
219(1)
Alarms
220(1)
Safety Features
220(5)
The Anaesthetic Machine
225(4)
Flowmeters
225(3)
Back Bar
228(1)
Common Gas Outlet
228(1)
Oxygen Flush
229(1)
Anaesthetic Machine Leak Test
229(1)
Scavenging System
230(4)
Active Scavenging System
231(1)
Passive Scavenging System
232(2)
Breathing Systems
234(2)
Non-Rebreathing Systems
236(6)
Fresh Gas Flow
237(1)
Paediatric T-Piece
238(1)
Bain
239(2)
Lack
241(1)
Rebreathing Systems
242(5)
Circle Fresh Gas Flow Rates
244(1)
Carbon Dioxide Absorbing
245(2)
Hybrid System
247(1)
Fresh Gas Flow
248(1)
Breathing System Selection
248(1)
Storage and Repeated Use of Breathing Systems
249(1)
References
250(1)
14 Anaesthesia Recovery
251(18)
Courtney Scales
Introduction
251(1)
Preparing to Recover
251(2)
Handover to the Recovery Team
253(1)
Monitoring in the Recovery Period
254(1)
Delayed Recovery
254(1)
Sedation in the Recovery Period
255(2)
Pain Management
257(1)
Airway Management and Hypoxaemia
257(1)
Airway Obstruction
257(3)
Hypoxaemia
260(1)
Temperature Management
261(3)
Hypothermia
262(1)
Hyperthermia
263(1)
Haemodynamic Instability
264(1)
Coexisting Disease Considerations
265(2)
Conclusion
267(1)
References
268(1)
15 Pain
269(27)
Niamh Clancy
Claire Sneddon
The Pain Pathway
271(2)
Transduction
271(1)
Transmission
272(1)
Modulation
272(1)
Projection
273(1)
Perception
273(1)
Pain Management
273(6)
Opioids
274(1)
Ketamine
275(1)
Lidocaine
275(1)
Alpha-2-Adrenergic Agonists
275(1)
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
276(1)
Other Analgesics
276(1)
Nursing Care for the Painful Patient
277(2)
Pain Assessment
279(15)
Pain Scoring Systems
282(1)
Validation
283(1)
Application of Pain Scales
284(3)
Pitfalls of Pain Scoring Systems
287(7)
Acknowledgements
294(1)
References
294(2)
16 Local Anaesthetic Techniques
296(23)
Lisa Angell
The Nervous System
296(1)
Mechanism of Action
297(2)
Performing Local Anaesthetic Techniques
299(2)
Techniques for the Head
301(3)
Techniques for the Upper Jaw and Nose
302(1)
Maxillary Nerve Block
302(1)
Infraorbital Nerve Block
303(1)
Palatine Nerve Block
303(1)
The Lower Jaw
303(1)
The Mandibular Nerve Block
303(1)
The Mental Nerve Block
303(1)
Ocular Nerve Blocks
304(1)
The Retrobulbar Block
304(1)
Auricular Nerve Blocks
305(1)
Techniques for the Forelimbs
306(2)
Brachial Plexus Nerve Block
306(1)
RUMM Block
307(1)
Techniques for the Hindlimbs
308(4)
The Epidural
308(2)
Femoral, Sciatic, and Psoas Nerve Block
310(1)
Bier's Nerve Block
311(1)
Digital Nerve Block
312(1)
Thoracic Nerve Block
312(1)
Intercostal Nerve Block
312(1)
Techniques for Neutering
313(1)
Testicular Block
313(1)
Ovarian Pedicle
313(1)
Other Techniques
314(1)
The Erector Spinae Plane Nerve Block
314(1)
Quadratus Lumborum Nerve Block
315(1)
Local Anaesthesia for Post-Operative or Chronic Pain Conditions
315(1)
Wound Soaker Catheters
315(1)
Intrapleural Analgesia
316(1)
Epidural Catheters
316(1)
Nursing Care for Patients Following Local Anaesthetic Techniques
316(1)
Acknowledgements
317(1)
References
317(2)
17 Constant Rate Infusions and Calculations
319(14)
Niamh Clancy
What Are CRIs
319(1)
Advantages of CRIs
320(1)
Analgesia
321(1)
Blood Pressure Regulation
322(2)
Hypnosis
324(1)
Administration
325(2)
Calculations
327(4)
Acknowledgements
331(1)
References
331(2)
18 Case Studies
333(32)
Niamh Clancy
Brachycephalic Patients
333(3)
Renal Disease
336(3)
Hyperthyroidism
339(2)
Diabetes Mellitus
341(2)
Hepatic Disease
343(2)
The Aggressive Patient
345(2)
Paediatric Patient
347(3)
Geriatric
350(2)
Respiratory Patient
352(3)
Caesarean Section
355(2)
Gastric Dilation-Volvulus
357(2)
Urethral Obstruction
359(2)
Cardiac Disease
361(3)
Acknowledgements
364(1)
Index 365
The Editor

Niamh Clancy, Dip AVN (SA) DipHE CVN DipVN PGCert VetEd FHEA RVN is a teaching fellow at the school of veterinary nursing at the Royal Veterinary College; Deputy Co-course director for Certificates in Advanced Veterinary Nursing, and an Anaesthesia RVN at the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals in the UK.