E-grāmata: Victorian Material Culture: Science and Medicine [Taylor & Francis e-book]

Part 1: Practice

1.1 Natural philosophy

Headnote 1.1

1. George Adams, Lecture I: On the Nature and Properties of Air, in
Lectures on Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Considered in its [ sic]
Present State of Improvement, vol. 1, 1st edition (London: R. Hindmarsh,
1794), pp.
112.

1.2 Astronomy and navigation

Headnote 1.2

2. Neville Maskelyne (on behalf of The Commissioners appointed by Acts of
Parliament for the discovery of the Longitude at Sea &c. &c.), Draft
instructions for John Crosley to go on a voyage to New Holland on board HMS
Investigator, manuscript, signed 7 March
1801.

3. John Frederick William Herschel, Of the Nature of Astronomical
Instruments and Observations in General, in A Treatise on Astronomy, 1st ed.
(London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, Longman, and John Taylor, 1833),
pp.
6470.

4. George Biddell Airy, Astronomy, in J. F. W. Herschel (ed.), A Manual of
Scientific Enquiry: Prepared for the use of Her Majestys Navy, and Adapted
for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John Murray, 1849), pp. 15,
7-10.

1.3 Meteorology

Headnote 1.3

5. Luke Howard, Of the Barometer, in The Climate of London, Deduced from
Meteorological Observations Made in the Metropolis and at Various Places
around It, vol. 1, 2nd ed. (London: Harvey and Darton, J. and A. Arch,
Longman, Hatchard, S. Highley [ and] R. Hunter, 1833), pp. viiixi.

6. John Frederick William Herschel, Of Meteorological Instruments; and
first, of the Barometer and its attached Thermometer, in J. F. W. Herschel
(ed.), A Manual of Scientific Enquiry: Prepared for the use of Her Majestys
Navy, and Adapted for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John Murray,
1849), pp.
273280.

7. Robert H. Scott, Kew Marine Barometer, in Instructions in the Use of
Meteorological Instruments (London: HMSO, 1875), pp.
1922.

1.4 Geography and exploration

Headnote 1.4

8. Francis Galton, Letter Addressed by Frances Galton, Esq., to the
Secretary, in Hints to Travellers, Journal of the Royal Geographical
Society, 24 (1854), pp.
34553.

9. William Ford Stanley, Packing of Instruments, in Surveying and Levelling
Instruments Theoretically and Practically Described (London: E. and F. N.
Spon, 1890), pp.
2123.

1.5 Metrology

Headnote 1.5

10. Charles Piazzi Smyth, Instrumentals, in Life and Work at the Great
Pyramid, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1867), pp. 272295
298-303, 305-306, 308-311.

1.6 Natural history

Headnote 1.6

11. Charles Darwin, Geology, in J. F. W. Herschel (ed.), A Manual of
Scientific Inquiry; Prepared for the use of Her Majestys Navy: And Adapted
for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John Murray 1849), pp. 157158,
160-169, 183-186, 190-191, 194-195.

12. Richard Owen, Zoology, in J. F. W. Herschel (ed.), A Manual of
Scientific Inquiry; Prepared for the use of Her Majestys Navy: And Adapted
for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John Murray 1849), [ extract:] pp.
343,
34589.

13. William Hooker, Botany, in J. F. W. Herschel (ed.), A Manual of
Scientific Inquiry; Prepared for the use of Her Majestys Navy: And Adapted
for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John Murray 1849), pp.
400407.

14. J. C. Prichard, Ethnology, in J. F. W. Herschel (ed.), A Manual of
Scientific Inquiry; Prepared for the use of Her Majestys Navy: And Adapted
for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John Murray 1849), [ extract:] pp.
423, 425-427.

1.7 Microscopy

Headnote 1.7

15. Charles R. Goring, On Mr. Tulleys thick aplanatic object-glasses, for
diverging rays; with an account of a few microscopic test objects, Quarterly
Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts, 22 (1826),
265284.

16. Jabez Hogg, The Microscope (London: W.S. Orr, 1854), pp. [ v]viii.

17. Charles Darwin On the use of the microscope on board ship, in J. F. W.
Herschel (ed.), A Manual of Scientific Enquiry: Prepared for the use of Her
Majestys Navy, and Adapted for Travellers in General, 1st ed. (London: John
Murray, 1849), pp.
389393.

1.8 Medicine

Headnote 1.8

18. René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laennec, Introduction, and John Forbes,
Explanation of the Plates, in A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest, and
on Mediate Auscultation, trans. John Forbes, 4th ed. (London: Longman, Rees,
Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1834), pp. 48, 673-675.

19. D. M. Cammann, An Historical Sketch of the Stethoscope, Transactions of
the Second Annual Meeting of the American Climatological Association (New
York: Appleton & Co., 1886), pp.
170174.

20. Charles Denison, The Essentials of a Good Stethoscope, Medical Record,
42:17 (1892), pp.
494495.

21. K. Schall, Apparatus for Roentgen X Rays and Franklinisation, in
Electro-Medical Instruments and their Management, and Illustrated Price List
of Electro-Medical Apparatus, 5th ed. (Bristol: John Wright & Co., 1896), pp.
3942,
5152.

1.9 Chemistry

Headnote 1.9

22. [ Jane Marcet], On Hydrogen, in Conversations on Chemistry; in which the
Elements of That Science are Familiarly Explained and Illustrated by
Experiments, Vol. 1: On Simple Bodies, 5th ed. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees,
Orme, and Brown, 1817), pp. 220247, 249-255.

1.10 The laboratory revolution

Headnote 1.10

23. [ Anon.], New Laboratory, University College, London, Illustrated London
News, 30 May 1846, p.
348.

24. Joseph Dalton Hooker, On the Plans of the New Laboratory for
Investigations in Vegetable Physiology at Kew, in [ South Kensington Museum],
Conferences Held in Connection with the Special Loan Collection of Scientific
Apparatus, 1876, Vol. II: Chemistry, Biology, Physical Geography, Geology,
Mineralogy, and Meteorology (London: Chapman and Hall, 1876), pp.
157161.

25. [ Anon.], The New Physical Laboratory of the University of Cambridge,
Nature, 10 (25 June 1874), pp.
139142.

26. Edward Cookworthy Robins, Buildings for Applied Science and Art
Instruction, in Papers on Technical Education, Applied Science Buildings,
Fittings and Sanitation (London: J. Davy, 1885), pp.
119.

1.11 Physics

Headnote 1.11

27. James Clerk Maxwell, General Considerations Concerning Scientific
Apparatus, in [ South Kensington Museum], Handbook to the Special Loan
Collection of Scientific Apparatus, 1876 (London: Chapman and Hall, 1876),
pp.
121.

1.12 Physiology

Headnote 1.12

28. J. Burdon Sanderson, SectionBiology: Presidents Opening Address, in
[ South Kensington Museum], Conferences Held in Connection with the Special
Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus, 1876, Vol. II: Chemistry, Biology,
Physical Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, and Meteorology (London: Chapman and
Hall, 1876), pp. 149150, 153-156.

29. Thiselton Dyer, On Various Apparatus for Investigations in Vegetable
Physiology, in [ South Kensington Museum], Conferences Held in Connection
with the Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus, 1876, Vol. II:
Chemistry, Biology, Physical Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, and Meteorology
(London: Chapman and Hall, 1876), pp.
16165.

30. Étienne-Jules Marey, Apparatus for Registering Animal Movements, in
[ South Kensington Museum], Conferences Held in Connection with the Special
Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus, 1876, Vol. II: Chemistry, Biology,
Physical Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, and Meteorology (London: Chapman and
Hall, 1876), pp.
16569.

31. Edward Albert Schäfer, On Some Recent Improvements in Recording
Apparatus, in [ South Kensington Museum], Conferences Held in Connection with
the Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus, 1876, Vol. II:
Chemistry, Biology, Physical Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, and Meteorology
(London: Chapman and Hall, 1876), pp.
16970.

1.13 Spectroscopy

Headnote 1.13

32. Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen, Chemical Analysis by
Spectrum-Observations, Philosophical Magazine, 20 (4th ser.) (1860), pp.
89-93, 107-108.

33. Robert Routledge, The spectroscope, in Discoveries and Inventions of
the Nineteenth Century, 1st ed. (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1876),
pp. 302-03, 308-310, 312-313, 322-324,
33031.

34. Spectrum apparatus in action, showing the spectra of the metals, plate
in John Browning, How to Work with the Spectroscope, 2nd ed. (London: John
Browning, 1882), p.
32.

1.14 Astrophysics

Headnote 1.14

35. Agnes M. Clerke, Methods of Research, in A Popular History of Astronomy
during the Nineteenth Century, 1st ed. (Edinburgh: A. and C. Black, 1885),
pp.
44053.

36. Richard A. Proctor, Proctor on the Big Lens: He Thinks the Lick
Telescope will Disappoint Science, New York World, 27 February 1887, p.
17.

37. Alvan G. Clark, Great telescopes of the future, Astronomy and
Astro-physics, 12:8 (1893), pp.
673678.

Part 2: Trade

2.1 Catalogues

Headnote 2.1

38. W. and S. Jones, [ Advertisement:] To Philosophical Professors, Lecturers
in Philosophy, and Private Students, in George Adams, Lectures on Natural
and Experimental Philosophy, vol. 1, 2nd ed. (London: W. and S. Jones, 1799),
p.
1.

39. John Joseph Griffin, Preface, in Chemical Recreations: A Compendium of
Experimental Chemistry, 8th edition (Glasgow: Richard Griffin & Co., 1838),
pp. ixxii.

40. Richard Griffin and Co., [ Advertisement:] Griffins Chemical Museum, in
J. J. Griffin, Chemical Recreations: A Compendium of Experimental Chemistry,
9th edition (Glasgow: Richard Griffin & Co., 1847), p.
566.

41. Negretti and Zambra, Preface, in A Treatise on Meteorological
Instruments: Explanatory of their Scientific Principles, Method of
Construction, and Practical Utility (London: Negretti and Zambra, 1864), pp.
vvi.

42. Negretti and Zambra, front matter and Preface, in Encyclopaedic
Illustrated and Descriptive Reference Catalogue of Optical, Mathematical,
Philosophical, Photographic, and Standard Meteorological Instruments (London:
Negretti and Zambra, [ c. 1884]), pp. iviii.

43. Benjamin Pike, Jr., Preface, in Pikes Illustrated Descriptive
Catalogue of Optical, Mathematical and Philosophical Instruments, 2nd ed.
(New York: Benjamin Pike, Jr., 1856), pp. vix.

44. The shopfront of Philip Harris & Co. on Edmund St. in Birmingham,
England, along with illustrations of their shop floors for woodworking (top)
and metalworking (bottom), from their Catalogue of Physical and Practical
Physics Apparatus, &c. (Birmingham, 1899).

2.2 Anatomy

Headnote 2.2

45. George Knox (trans.), Description of an Artificial Anatomical Figure,
Constructed by the Chevalier Auzoux, M.D., Exhibited in 1832 before the King,
in London (Madras: Church Mission Press, 1834).

46. George Dexter, Preface, in Catalogue of Anatomical Models Made by Dr.
Auzoux, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Paris, and for Sale by George
Dexter (Albany, NY: Stone and Henly, 1844), p.
1.

47. Human anatomical model with demountable parts, by Auzoux, c.
1880. Image
© Whipple Museum of the History of Science, University of Cambridge
(Wh.6361).

2.3 Microscopy

Headnote 2.3

48. Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, Estimate of the relative value of the
microscopes of Chevalier, Ploessel, and Schiek, The Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal, 13 (1832), pp.
32728.

49. James Glaisher, Microscopes, subsection of Class X: Philosophical
Instruments and Processes Depending Upon their Use, in Exhibition of the
Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Reports by the Juries on the Subjects
in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was Divided (London: William
Clowes & Son, 1852), pp.
26569.

50. J. J. Plummer, A few words on the choice of a microscope, Quarterly
Journal of Microscopical Science, 4 (new series) (1864), pp.
153158.

51. Henri Van Heurck, The Microscope: Its Construction and Management.
Including Technique, Photo-Micrography, and the Past and Future of the
Microscope, trans. Wynne, E. Baxter (London: Crosby Lockwood and Son; New
York: D. Van Nostrand, 1893), pp.
138145.

2.4 Anthropometry

Headnote 2.4

52. Francis Galton, Outfit for an Anthropometric Laboratory
(privately-circulated pamphlet, March 1883).

53. Francis Galton, On the Anthropometric Laboratory at the Late
International Health Exhibition, Journal of the Anthropological Institute of
Great Britain and Ireland, 14 (1885), [ extract:] pp. 205207, 213-218.

54. Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company, A Descriptive List of
Anthropometric Apparatus, Consisting of Instruments for Measuring and Testing
the Chief Physical Apparatus of the Human Body. Designed Under the Direction
of Francis Galton (Cambridge: Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company,
1887).

55. [ Anon.], A Morning with the Anthropometric Detectives: An Interview with
Francis Galton, FRS, Pall Mall Gazette, 16 Nov. 1888, pp.
12.

Part 3: Display

3.1 The Great Exhibition

Headnote 3.1

56. Robert Ellis, Introduction, to Section II, Class 10: Philosophical,
Musical, Horological, And Surgical Instruments, in Great Exhibition of the
Works of All Nations: Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue (London:
Spicer Bros., 1851), pp.
4045.

57. James Glaisher, introduction and conclusion to his report on: Class X:
Philosophical Instruments and Processes Depending Upon their Use, in
Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Reports by the
Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was
Divided (London: William Clowes & Son, 1852), [ extract:] pp. 24346 and p.
316,

58. James Glaisher, Conclusion, from his lecture on Philosophical
Instruments and Processes, as Represented in the Great Exhibition, in
Lectures on the Results of the Exhibition, Delivered Before the Society of
Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, at the Suggestion of H. R. H. Prince
Albert, President of the Society (London: David Bogue, 1852), pp.
294301.

3.2 Museums of science

Headnote 3.2

59. Charles Daubeny, Dream of the New Museum, in Miscellanies: Being a
Collection of Memoirs and Essays on Scientific and Literary Subjects (Oxford:
James Parker, 1867), vol. 2, Pt IV, pp.
14152.

60. [ Robert Willis et al.], Report to the Syndicate for Museums and Lecture
Rooms, University of Cambridge, 31 December 1853, quoted in R. Willis and
J.W. Clark, The Architectural History of the University of Cambridge
(Cambridge, 1886), vol. 3, pp.
15965.

61. J. E. Gray, Botany and Zoology, Including Physiology, in Report of the
34th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
(London: John Murray, 1864), pp.
7580.

62. W. Boyd Dawkins, The Organisation of Natural History Museums, Nature,
16 (1877), pp.
13738.

63. W. Stanley Jevons, The Use and Abuse of Museums, in Methods of Social
Reform and Other Papers (London: MacMillan, 1883), pp.
5456.

64. W. H. Flower, Modern Museums, in Essays on Museums (London: Macmillan,
1898), pp.
3053.

3.3 Scientific relics

Headnote 3.3

65. G. Wilson, Address as President of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts at
its Annual General Meeting, November 23,1857, Transactions of the Royal
Scottish Society of Arts, 5 (1861), [ extract:]4362, pp.
5253.

66. [ Anon.], Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus, Illustrated London
News, 16 Sep. 1876, p.
270.

67. A. H. Lane-Fox [ Pitt Rivers], Letter to the Editors: The Arrangement of
Museums, Nature, 18 April 1878, pp.
48485.

68. William Spottiswoode, SectionPhysics (including Astronomy), in [ South
Kensington Museum], Conferences Held in Connection with the Special Loan
Collection of Scientific Apparatus, 1876, Vol. 1: Physics and Mechanics
(London: Chapman & Hall, 1876), pp.
17.

69. Henri Tresca, Upon Objects Illustrating the History of Science, and the
Means of Ensuring their Conservation, in [ South Kensington Museum],
Conferences Held in Connection with the Special Loan Collection of Scientific
Apparatus, 1876, Vol. 1: Physics and Mechanics (London: Chapman & Hall,
1876), pp.
8088.

3.4 Expositions and worlds fairs

Headnote 3.4

70. Henry Adams, The Dynamo and the Virgin, in The Education of Henry Adams
(Washington, D.C.: [ by private circulation], 1907), pp.
33140.

Index

Boris Jardine is a research fellow at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science/Whipple Museum, University of Cambridge, UK.

Joshua Nall is Curator of Modern Sciences at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, in the Department of the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge