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x | |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xii | |
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms |
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xiv | |
Note on Transliteration |
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xvi | |
Introduction |
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1 | (11) |
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Situating the Discursive Construction of Terrorism |
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2 | (2) |
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Questioning the Chinese Official Narrative |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (4) |
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1 From Securitization to `Terroristization' |
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12 | (28) |
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Adjusting Securitization Theory for the Study of Terrorism in China |
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13 | (9) |
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Key Tenets of Securitization Theory |
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13 | (2) |
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From Securitization to Terroristization |
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15 | (1) |
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Moving Terroristization beyond Democracies |
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16 | (3) |
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Discourse and Materiality: Terroristization's Minimal Foundationalisrn |
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19 | (3) |
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`Terrorism' Definitions as Mapping Device |
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22 | (15) |
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Understanding Terrorism Definitions as Discursive Anchors |
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23 | (3) |
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Terrorism Is Premeditated Violence |
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26 | (2) |
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Terrorism Is Violence against Civilians |
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28 | (1) |
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Terrorism Is Indiscriminate and Unexpected Violence |
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29 | (2) |
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Terrorism Is Symbolic Violence That Communicates Fear to Coerce |
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31 | (1) |
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Terrorism Is Political (Violence) |
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32 | (2) |
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A Matrix for Interpreting Violent Events as Terrorism |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (3) |
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2 Securitizing Xinjiang: The Years of `Counterrevolution' (1978--1990) |
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40 | (29) |
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Mapping Violence in Xinjiang in the Early `Reform and Opening Up' Period |
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41 | (9) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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The Spectrum of Violence during the `Reform and Opening Up' Era |
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48 | (2) |
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Talking `Counterrevolution': From Restraint to Securitization |
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50 | (10) |
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`Neither Serious nor Surprising': The Riots Discourse during the Early 1980s |
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51 | (2) |
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`Counterrevolution' and `Splittism': The Discursive Shift on Riots in the Late 1980s |
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53 | (3) |
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The Baren `Counterrevolutionary Rebellion' |
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56 | (4) |
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The Politics of `Counterrevolution' in Xinjiang |
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60 | (7) |
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Gradualism: A Moderate Response to Violent Unrest |
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60 | (4) |
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Abandoning Gradualism, Singling out Xinjiang for Crackdown |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (2) |
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3 The Proto-Terroristization of Xinjiang: `Striking Hard' against the `Three Forces' (1991--2001) |
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69 | (34) |
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Mapping Violence during the Proto-Terroristization Phase |
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70 | (8) |
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Key Episodes of Violence in Xinjiang and beyond |
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70 | (5) |
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The Broad Spectrum of Violence during the 1990s |
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75 | (3) |
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New Language, Old Arguments: The Emergence of `Terrorism' in the Framing of Violence in Xinjiang |
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78 | (11) |
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79 | (2) |
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Prescribing a Long and Merciless Fight |
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81 | (2) |
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Change of Language: From Counter-Revolution to Terrorism |
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83 | (1) |
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The Terroristization of the Ghulja Riot |
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84 | (3) |
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Internationalizing the Threat |
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87 | (2) |
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The Politics of `Striking Hard' |
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89 | (12) |
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A Legal-Executive Security Apparatus to Fight Separatism |
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90 | (3) |
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Implementing Document No. 7 |
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93 | (4) |
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The `Strike Hard' Campaigns: A Terroristization Device |
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97 | (1) |
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Exporting the Proto-Terroristization of Xinjiang |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (2) |
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4 The Terroristization of Xinjiang (2001--2020): Waging a People's War on Terror |
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103 | (49) |
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Terroristization in the Absence of Violence |
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104 | (3) |
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Seizing the Chance: The Recasting of Violence in Xinjiang as Terrorism after 9/11 |
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104 | (3) |
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The Spectrum of Violence in 21st-century Xinjiang |
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107 | (10) |
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Key Episodes of Violence in the Terroristization Phase |
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108 | (4) |
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Mapping the Features of Violence during the Years of Terroristization |
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112 | (5) |
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Terroristizing Violence, Prescribing a `People's War' |
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117 | (10) |
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Materializing the Threat: The Terroristization of All Violence in Xinjiang |
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117 | (6) |
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Prescribing a `People's War' against Terrorism and `Religious Extremism' |
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123 | (4) |
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China's War on Terror in Xinjiang: Sustained Crackdown and the Advent of the Surveillance State |
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127 | (23) |
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Establishing and Implementing a Counter-Terrorist Apparatus |
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127 | (5) |
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Sustained Crackdown in the Name of Fighting Terrorism |
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132 | (9) |
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Chasing and Hunting `Terrorists' Abroad |
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141 | (3) |
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Sine die Terroristization: Surveillance State and `De-Extremification' Camps |
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144 | (6) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (12) |
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The Concept of Terroristization |
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154 | (1) |
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Violence, Discourse, and Politics in the Uyghur Region |
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155 | (4) |
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Broader Lessons from the Terroristization of Xinjiang |
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159 | (1) |
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Implications for Future Research |
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160 | (2) |
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From Terroristization to Assimilation |
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162 | (2) |
Appendix: List of Violent Events |
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164 | (12) |
Bibliography |
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176 | (66) |
Index |
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242 | |