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E-grāmata: Visual Fields via the Visual Pathway

(NIHR Fellow, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom)
  • Formāts: 400 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jan-2016
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781482299656
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  • Bibliotēkām
  • Formāts: 400 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jan-2016
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781482299656
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Visual Fields via the Visual Pathway presents the varying visual field deficits occurring with lesions of the visual pathway. The book covers anatomy, pathology and signs and symptoms, plus visual field defects associated with specific parts of the visual pathway. Also covered is the basic theory of visual field assessment.

This new edition includes updated methods of visual field assessment, additional descriptions of how individual visual field results should be interpreted, an updated review of the pros and cons of the various available test programs, and recent research advances and recommendations on baseline assessment, diagnosis, and re-assessment options to promote good clinical practice decisions.

The book expands on the previous edition to consider further types of perimetry and also updates existing perimetry information. The Octopus 900 perimetry, introduced since the first edition, features alongside Goldmann and Humphrey perimeters. Artefacts of testing are discussed as well as their identification versus actual visual field deficit. A section on differential diagnosis is also included.

Chapters include numerous illustrations of visual field results, colour plates of associated fundus images, and neuroimaging scans. References and further reading lists are also provided with key articles and up-to-date literature.

Recenzijas

"Dr. Fiona Rowe has written a comprehensive, easy-to-read and well-illustrated text on visual fields, which will be particularly useful for trainees and practitioners across ophthalmology, orthoptics, optometry, and allied health fields in eye care." Prof. Jonathan M. Holmes, Professor of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

"Dr. Fiona Rowe, one of the top researchers in this field, has written a detailed and comprehensive book that I recommend to all of my students and colleagues." Dr. Carla Lanēa, Orthoptic Department, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Portugal

"This is a comprehensive reference book for anyone who wants to further their knowledge of visual fields assessment and interpretation. By providing examples and data from the most current and popular field analysers and test strategies on the market, it allows the clinician to understand and interpret the results in order to aid in a more accurate diagnosis. Every eye department would benefit from having this book on its shelves." Tallat Maan, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK

List of figures xv
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
Disclosure xxv
About the author xxvii
1 Field of vision and visual pathway 1(18)
General anatomy of the visual system
1(4)
Visual field defect types
5(9)
Altitudinal visual field defect
5(1)
Arcuate visual field defect
5(1)
Constriction/diffuse defect
6(1)
Hemianopia
6(1)
Quadrantanopia
6(2)
Scotoma
8(1)
Sector-shaped (wedge) visual field defect
8(6)
Parameters and variables in visual field assessment
14(2)
References
16(1)
Further reading
17(2)
2 Methods of visual field assessment 19(46)
Perimetry
19(4)
Flicker perimetry
20(1)
Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT)
20(1)
Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry (SWAP)
20(1)
High-pass resolution perimetry
21(1)
Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP)
21(1)
Standard perimetry
22(1)
Presentation of visual field data
23(6)
Goldmann perimeter
23(1)
Humphrey automated perimeter
24(2)
Octopus 900 perimeter
26(4)
Patient set-up
27(2)
Kinetic perimetry
29(1)
Static perimetry
30(8)
Screening programmes
30(1)
Threshold programmes
31(1)
Reliability indices
32(1)
Global indices and analysis options
33(5)
Printout options
38(8)
Humphrey perimetry printouts
39(3)
Octopus perimeter printouts
42(4)
Detection of visual field defect and detection of change
46(13)
Stato—kinetic dissociation
59(1)
References
59(4)
Further reading
63(2)
3 Programme choice 65(28)
Choice of perimeter
65(9)
Static versus kinetic perimetry
65(2)
Perimetry options for assessment of children
67(1)
Screening versus threshold static perimetry
67(1)
Full versus partial 30-degree central programmes
67(2)
Macular and central threshold programmes
69(1)
Colour perimetry
69(3)
Peripheral programmes
72(2)
Esterman strategy
73(1)
Visual standards for safe driving
74(8)
Interpretation
77(1)
Choice of driving visual field assessment
77(5)
Inter-perimeter comparisons
82(8)
Kinetic perimetry
82(1)
Static perimetry
82(8)
References
90(2)
Further reading
92(1)
4 Ocular media 93(10)
Introduction
93(1)
Cornea
93(2)
Anatomy
93(1)
Pathology
93(2)
Congenital abnormalities
93(1)
Acquired abnormalities
94(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
95(1)
Anterior chamber
95(1)
Anatomy
95(1)
Pathology
95(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
95(1)
Lens
95(1)
Anatomy
95(1)
Pathology
96(1)
Congenital abnormalities
96(1)
Acquired abnormalities
96(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
96(1)
Posterior chamber
96(1)
Pathology
97(1)
Congenital abnormalities
97(1)
Acquired abnormalities
97(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
97(1)
Visual field defects
97(4)
References
101(1)
Further reading
101(2)
5 Retina 103(16)
Anatomy
103(2)
Pathology
105(4)
Congenital abnormalities
105(1)
Acquired abnormalities
105(3)
Hereditary dystrophies
105(1)
Retinal degeneration
105(1)
Retinal detachment
106(1)
Retinal inflammation/infection
106(1)
Retinal toxicity
107(1)
Tumours
107(1)
Vascular abnormalities
107(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
108(1)
Fundus appearance
108(1)
Pupil abnormalities
109(1)
Visual perception
109(1)
Visual acuity
109(1)
Visual field defects
109(6)
Retinal degeneration
110(1)
Retinal dystrophy
110(1)
Retinal infection/inflammation
110(1)
Retinal toxicity
111(1)
Retinal tumours
111(1)
Vascular abnormalities
111(4)
Choice of visual field assessment
115(1)
References
115(1)
Further reading
116(3)
6 Optic nerve 119(76)
Anatomy
119(1)
Pathology
120(14)
Congenital abnormalities
120(5)
Coloboma
120(1)
Drusen (hyaline bodies)
120(1)
Glaucoma
120(1)
Morning glory syndrome
120(1)
Myelinated nerve fibres
121(1)
Optic disc pit
122(1)
Optic nerve hypoplasia
122(3)
Tilted disc
125(1)
Acquired abnormalities
125(9)
Compression
125(4)
Glaucoma
129(1)
Hereditary abnormalities
129(1)
Inflammatory neuropathy
129(1)
Oedema
130(1)
Optic atrophy
130(1)
Toxic optic neuropathies
131(1)
Vascular abnormalities
131(3)
Associated signs and symptoms
134(4)
Anterior segment appearance
134(1)
Colour vision
134(1)
Contrast sensitivity
134(1)
Fundus appearance
134(1)
Ocular appearance
134(2)
Pupil abnormalities
136(1)
Visual perception
137(1)
Visual acuity
138(1)
Visual field defects
138(41)
Congenital abnormalities
138(2)
Coloboma
138(1)
Drusen
139(1)
Myelinated nerve fibres
139(1)
Optic disc pit
139(1)
Optic nerve hypoplasia
139(1)
Tilted disc
140(1)
Acquired abnormalities
140(55)
Glaucoma
140(4)
Inflammation
144(12)
Oedema
156(16)
Toxic neuropathy
172(1)
Trauma
172(1)
Tumours
172(7)
Vascular abnormalities
179(1)
Choice of visual field assessment
179(9)
References
188(4)
Further reading
192(3)
7 Optic chiasm 195(36)
Anatomy
195(1)
Pathology
195(6)
Craniopharyngioma
196(1)
Glioma
196(1)
Hydrocephalus
196(1)
Inflammation/Infection
196(1)
Meningioma
196(2)
Multiple sclerosis
198(1)
Pituitary tumour
198(1)
Trauma
198(1)
Vascular abnormalities
198(3)
Associated signs and symptoms
201(4)
General signs
201(1)
Ocular defects
201(3)
Cranial nerve palsy/ocular deviation
203(1)
Hemifield slide phenomenon
203(1)
Optic atrophy
204(1)
Postfixational blindness
204(1)
Proptosis
204(1)
See saw nystagmus
204(1)
Sensory abnormalities
204(1)
Visual acuity
204(1)
Visual field defects
205(10)
Craniopharyngioma
205(1)
Glioma and meningioma
206(1)
Hydrocephalus
207(1)
Infection/inflammation
207(1)
Multiple sclerosis
208(1)
Pituitary adenoma
208(7)
Vascular abnormalities
215(1)
Choice of visual field assessment
215(11)
References
226(2)
Further reading
228(3)
8 Optic tract 231(12)
Anatomy
231(1)
Pathology
231(1)
Craniopharyngioma
232(1)
Meningioma
232(1)
Multiple sclerosis
232(1)
Pituitary tumours
232(1)
Trauma
232(1)
Vascular abnormalities
232(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
232(3)
General signs
232(3)
Optic atrophy
235(1)
Pupil abnormalities
235(1)
Visual field defects
235(1)
Congruous visual field loss
235(1)
Incongruous visual field loss
235(1)
Choice of visual field assessment
236(5)
References
241(1)
Further reading
241(2)
9 Lateral geniculate body 243(8)
Anatomy
243(1)
Pathology
244(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
244(1)
Optic atrophy
244(1)
Pupil abnormalities
244(1)
Sensory loss
245(1)
Visual field defects
245(1)
Choice of visual field assessment
245(3)
References
248(1)
Further reading
249(2)
10 Optic radiations 251(38)
Anatomy
251(1)
Pathology
251(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
252(7)
Eye movement abnormalities
252(4)
Hemiparesis
256(1)
Optic atrophy
256(2)
Pupil abnormalities
258(1)
Reading difficulties
258(1)
Sensory abnormalities
258(1)
Visual processing
258(1)
Achromatopsia
258(1)
Agnosia
258(1)
Alexia
259(1)
Depth impairment
259(1)
Prosopagnosia
259(1)
Simultanagnosia
259(1)
Visual hallucinations
259(1)
Visual neglect
259(1)
Visual field defects
259(1)
Parietal lobe lesion
260(1)
Temporal lobe lesion
260(1)
Choice of visual field assessment
260(25)
References
285(2)
Further reading
287(2)
11 Visual cortex 289(38)
Anatomy
289(1)
Pathology
290(1)
Space-occupying lesions
290(1)
Trauma
290(1)
Vascular abnormalities
290(1)
Associated signs and symptoms
290(4)
Cerebral achromatopsia
290(1)
Cortical blindness
290(3)
Optic atrophy
293(1)
Preservation of visual acuity
293(1)
Pupil abnormalities
293(1)
Riddoch phenomenon and blind sight
293(1)
Sensory abnormalities
294(1)
Visual hallucinations
294(1)
Visual field defects
294(17)
Altitudinal visual field defects
294(1)
Checkerboard visual field defects
294(1)
Homonymous hemianopia
294(2)
Bilateral homonymous hemianopia
294(1)
Unilateral homonymous hemianopia
294(2)
Homonymous quadrantanopia
296(2)
Macular involvement
298(9)
Macular hemianopia
298(1)
Macular sparing
298(9)
Scotomas
307(1)
Temporal crescent defect or sparing
307(4)
Choice of visual field assessment
311(13)
References
324(2)
Further reading
326(1)
12 Differential diagnosis 327(10)
Age
327(1)
Congruity
327(2)
Eye movement generation
329(1)
Fundus and anterior segment abnormalities
330(1)
Optic atrophy
330(1)
Ocular motility abnormalities
330(1)
Pupil abnormalities
330(1)
Sensory abnormalities
330(1)
Type of visual field defect
331(1)
Visual acuity
331(1)
Visual field defect progression
331(1)
Visual perception
332(2)
References
334(3)
13 Visual field artefacts and errors of interpretation 337(20)
Esterman programme assessment
337(1)
Fatigue
337(1)
Hysterical/functional visual loss and malingering
338(2)
Learning curve
340(1)
Lens rim defects
340(1)
Observer interpretation
340(1)
Ocular variables
341(1)
Patient instruction and set-up
341(1)
Patient positioning
342(2)
Performance difficulties
344(2)
Refractive errors
346(1)
Reliability indices
347(6)
References
353(3)
Further reading
356(1)
Glossary of terms in visual field assessment 357(8)
Index 365
Fiona Rowe, PhD, DBO, CGLI Cert. Ed., is a senior staff member in the Department of Health Services Research at the University of Liverpool, associate editor-in-chief for the journal Strabismus and editor with the Cochrane library Eyes and Vision group. Dr. Rowe qualified as an orthoptist in 1990 and has maintained combined clinical and academic research activity since that time. Her research interests include acquired brain injury, visual field evaluation and control of ocular alignment. She has been the lead for several multi-centre research projects, is the author of two textbooks, co-author on four book chapters, and has presented and published her research extensively.