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Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (Senior Scientist, Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India), Edited by , Edited by (Senior Lecturer,), Edited by (Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow, India)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 756 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1730 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Mar-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128182288
  • ISBN-13: 9780128182284
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Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste ValorisationPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 756 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1730 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Mar-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128182288
  • ISBN-13: 9780128182284
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780128182284.html
Keywords:

Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation provides the various options available for several renewable waste streams. The book includes scientific and technical information pertaining to the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. In addition, the book reports on recent developments and new achievements in the field of biochemical and thermo-chemical methods and the necessities and potential generated by different kinds of biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries.

The book presents an assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries pertaining to the use of sustainable technologies for energy recovery from different waste matrices. Advantages and limitations of different technologies are also discussed by considering the local energy demands, government policies, environmental impacts, and education in bioenergy.

  • Provides information on the most advanced and innovative processes for biomass conversion
  • Covers information on biochemical and thermo-chemical processes and products development on the principles of biorefinery
  • Includes information on the integration of processes and technologies for the production of biofuels, energy products and biochemicals
  • Demonstrates the application of various processes with proven case studies
Contributors xvii
Preface xviii
Section A MSW based biorefmeries
Chapter 1 Production of electricity and chemicals using gasification of municipal solid wastes
3(38)
Greg Perkins
1.1 Introduction
3(3)
1.2 Fundamentals of MSW gasification
6(5)
1.2.1 Characterization of MSW
6(2)
1.2.2 Feedstock pretreatment
8(1)
1.2.3 Gasification reactions
8(3)
1.3 Waste gasification technologies
11(13)
1.3.1 Types of gasification reactors
11(7)
1.3.2 Selection of gasification agent
18(1)
1.3.3 Synthesis gas processing
18(4)
1.3.4 Electricity production
22(1)
1.3.5 Chemicals synthesis
23(1)
1.4 Commercial MSW gasification systems
24(7)
1.4.1 Nippon Steel direct melting system
24(2)
1.4.2 Thermoselect melting gasification
26(2)
1.4.3 Alter NRG plasma gasification
28(2)
1.4.4 Ebara TwinRec fluidized-bed gasification
30(1)
1.4.5 Enerkem bubbling fluidized-bed gasification
31(1)
1.5 Process performance, economics and opportunities
31(4)
1.5.1 Process performance
32(1)
1.5.2 Air emissions
33(1)
1.5.3 Economics of waste gasification
33(1)
1.5.4 Opportunities
34(1)
1.6 Conclusions and perspectives
35(1)
References
36(5)
Chapter 2 Integrated innovative biorefinery for the transformation of municipal solid waste into biobased products
41(42)
Victor Perez
Andre's Pascual
Alfredo Rodrigo
Maria Garcia Torreiro
Marcos Latorre-Sanchez
Caterina Coll Lozano
Antonio David-Moreno
Jose Miguel Oliva-Dominguez
Alba Serna-Maza
Natalia Herrero Garcia
Inmaculada Gonzalez Granados
Rocio Roldan-Aguayo
David Ovejero-Roncero
Jose L. Molto Marin
Mark Smith
Hana Musinovic
Amelie Raingue'
Laurent Belard
Celia Pascual
Raquel Lebrero
Raul Munoz
2.1 Introduction
41(3)
2.2 Bioethanol from MSW as chemical building block
44(4)
2.3 Ethylene from OFMSW derived bioethanol
48(3)
2.4 VFA production from OFMSW
51(3)
2.5 PHA production from VFA
54(3)
2.6 Biomethane production
57(3)
2.7 PHA production from biogas
60(4)
2.8 Biobased fertilizer production
64(3)
2.9 Integrated URBIOFIN biorefinery: modeling, optimization, and environmental/economic assessments
67(6)
2.10 Bioproducts downstream and applications
73(2)
2.10.1 PHA
73(1)
2.10.2 Biobased fertilizers
74(1)
2.10.3 Bioethylene
75(1)
2.11 Conclusions and perspectives
75(1)
Acknowledgments
76(1)
References
76(7)
Section B Lignocellulosic biomass based biorefinery
Chapter 3 Nozzle reactor for continuous fast hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin residue
83(24)
Khanh-Quang Tran
3.1 Introduction
83(1)
3.2 Fast hydrothermal liquefaction
84(1)
3.3 Nozzle reactor for upscaling fast HTL
85(15)
3.3.1 The concept of nozzle reactor
85(1)
3.3.2 CFD study of nozzle reactor for fast HTL assuming Newtonian fluid
86(6)
3.3.3 Experimental validation of the Newtonian model
92(5)
3.3.4 CFD study of nozzle reactor for fast HTL assuming non-Newtonian fluid
97(3)
3.4 First test for fast HTL of lignin using nozzle reactor
100(1)
3.5 Optimization needs
101(2)
3.6 Conclusions and perspectives
103(1)
Acknowledgments
103(1)
References
103(4)
Chapter 4 Granular sludge bed anaerobic treatment systems for resource recovery
107(18)
Hamidreza Mojab
Eldon Raj
Santiago Pacheco-Ruiz
4.1 Introduction
107(6)
4.1.1 Sources of high strength wastewater
107(2)
4.1.2 UASB/EGSB systems for wastewater treatment and resource recovery
109(3)
4.1.3 Hybrid and coupled systems
112(1)
4.2 UASB/EGSB systems
113(4)
4.2.1 Definition and structure
114(2)
4.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages
116(1)
4.3 Operational parameters
117(2)
4.3.1 Organic loading rate
117(1)
4.3.2 Hydraulic retention time
117(1)
4.3.3 Up-flow liquid velocity
118(1)
4.3.4 Ph
118(1)
4.3.5 Temperature
118(1)
4.4 Application in industry
119(3)
4.4.1 Pulp and paper industry
119(2)
4.4.2 Olive oil industry
121(1)
4.5 Conclusions and perspectives
122(1)
References
123(1)
Further reading
124(1)
Chapter 5 Agroindustrial waste based biorefineries for sustainable production of lactic acid
125(30)
Jasneet Grewal
Ayesha Sadaf
Neerja Yadav
S.K. Khare
5.1 Introduction
125(1)
5.2 Lactic acid and its application
126(3)
5.2.1 Biopolymers synthesized from lactide monomer
127(2)
5.3 Production of lactic acid
129(14)
5.3.1 Microorganisms utilized for fermentative production of lactic acid
129(1)
5.3.2 Feedstocks used for fermentative lactic acid production
130(13)
5.4 Downstream processing for recovery of pure lactic acid
143(3)
5.5 Conclusions and perspectives
146(1)
Acknowledgments
146(1)
References
146(9)
Chapter 6 Value addition of waste lignocellulosic biomass through polyhydroxybutyrate production
155(24)
N. Arul Manikandan
Kannan Pakshirajan
G. Pugazhenthi
6.1 Introduction
155(2)
6.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
157(3)
6.2.1 Properties of PHB
157(1)
6.2.2 Uses and applications of PHB
158(2)
6.2.3 PHB production pathway
160(1)
6.3 Lignocellulosic biomass
160(8)
6.3.1 Bagasse
162(2)
6.3.2 Spent coffee bean grounds
164(1)
6.3.3 Coir pith
165(1)
6.3.4 Rice straw
165(1)
6.3.5 Empty oil palm fruit bunches
165(1)
6.3.6 Wheat straw
166(1)
6.3.7 Grassland refuse
166(1)
6.3.8 Waste date seeds and citrus biomass
167(1)
6.4 Reactor considerations for upstream processing of PHB
168(3)
6.4.1 Stirred tank bioreactor
168(1)
6.4.2 Airlift reactor
168(2)
6.4.3 Bubble column reactor
170(1)
6.4.4 Two-phase partitioning bioreactor
171(1)
6.5 Downstream processing for PHB recovery
171(3)
6.6 Strategy for PHB production using lignocellulosic waste
174(1)
6.7 Conclusions and perspectives
175(1)
References
175(4)
Chapter 7 Valorization of organic waste into biofertilizer and its field application
179(20)
Chenyu Du
Sidra Munir
Rabia Abad
Diannan Lu
7.1 Introduction
179(2)
7.2 Major technologies used for biofertilizer production
181(4)
7.2.1 Anaerobic digestion (AD)
181(2)
7.2.2 Aerobic composting
183(1)
7.2.3 Chemical hydrolysis of organic waste stream
184(1)
7.2.4 Solid state fermentation
184(1)
7.2.5 In situ degradation of agricultural residues
184(1)
7.2.6 Direct burning of biomass
185(1)
7.3 Biofertilizer derived from food waste
185(5)
7.3.1 Anaerobic digestion
185(3)
7.3.2 Composting and chemical hydrolysis of compost
188(1)
7.3.3 Solid state fermentation
188(1)
7.3.4 Field application of food waste derived biofertilizer
189(1)
7.4 Biofertilizer derived from agriculture residue
190(3)
7.4.1 Biofertilizer production process
190(2)
7.4.2 Field test of biofertilizer derived from agriculture residues
192(1)
7.5 Conclusions and perspectives
193(1)
Acknowledgments
193(1)
References
193(6)
Chapter 8 Biochar from various lignocellulosic biomass wastes as an additive in biogas production from food waste
199(22)
Carol W. Wambugu
Eldon R. Rene
Jack Van De Vossenberg
Capucine Dupont
Eric D. Van Hullebusch
8.1 Introduction
199(6)
8.2 Key parameters for performance of AD of food waste
205(5)
8.2.1 Nature of the substrate
207(1)
8.2.2 Temperature
207(1)
8.2.3 Ph and volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
208(1)
8.2.4 Carbon-nitrogen ratio
208(1)
8.2.5 Types of reactors
208(2)
8.3 Biochar properties and role in anaerobic digestion
210(5)
8.3.1 Biochar production and characteristics
210(1)
8.3.2 Biochar sorption mechanisms
211(1)
8.3.3 Role of biochar in AD
212(3)
8.4 Conclusions and perspectives
215(1)
Acknowledgments
215(1)
References
215(6)
Section C Food waste and chitin based biorefinery
Chapter 9 Theory of planned behavior on food waste recycling
221(20)
Tiffany M.W. Mak
Iris K.M. Yu
Daniel C.W. Tsang
9.1 Introduction
221(1)
9.2 Development of the theory of planned behavior
222(10)
9.2.1 Current implementation of TPB on food management study
223(8)
9.2.2 National food waste policies and economies of food waste recycling
231(1)
9.3 Conclusions and perspectives
232(1)
References
233(8)
Chapter 10 Valorization of waste biomass for chitin and chitosan production
241(28)
M. M. Tejas Namboodiri
Kannan Pakshirajan
10.1 Introduction
241(2)
10.2 Chitosan-properties and application
243(2)
10.2.1 Physicochemical
243(1)
10.2.2 Bioactivity
243(1)
10.2.3 Biodegradability
243(2)
10.2.4 Analgesic and anticholestrolemic
245(1)
10.2.5 Chelation and adsorption
245(1)
10.2.6 Immobilization
245(1)
10.3 Chitin and chitosan biosynthesis pathway
245(2)
10.4 Sources of chitin and chitosan
247(14)
10.4.1 Crustaceans
247(4)
10.4.2 Insects
251(1)
10.4.3 Fungi
252(9)
10.5 Conclusions and perspectives
261(1)
Acknowledgments
261(1)
References
262(7)
Section D Non-edible oils based biorefinery and applications
Chapter 11 Potential of castor plant (Ricinus communis for production of bio fuels, chemicals, and value-added products
269(42)
Ravneet Kaur
Thallada Bhaskar
11.1 Introduction
269(13)
11.1.1 Castor plant: its origin
270(1)
11.1.2 Nomenclature
271(1)
11.1.3 Varieties of castor plant
272(1)
11.1.4 Production and protection of castor crop
272(3)
11.1.5 Parts of plant and composition
275(2)
11.1.6 Production of castor seed and oil
277(5)
11.2 Castor oil
282(5)
11.2.1 Extraction and purification of castor oil
282(2)
11.2.2 Physical and chemical properties of castor oil
284(2)
11.2.3 Ricin: a poison
286(1)
11.3 Castor oil derivatives
287(8)
11.3.1 Classifications of derivatives
287(1)
11.3.2 Key derivatives of castor oil
287(4)
11.3.3 Application of castor products
291(4)
11.4 Way to sustainability: potential of value addition in castor and research reported
295(6)
11.4.1 Model castor farm project
295(1)
11.4.2 Seed, oil and cake
296(2)
11.4.3 Castor plant (leaves, stem, root)
298(3)
11.5 Residue generation and utilization
301(2)
11.6 Challenges and opportunities
303(2)
11.7 Conclusions and perspectives
305(1)
References
305(6)
Chapter 12 Utilization of nonedible oilseeds in a biorefinery approach with special emphasis on rubber seeds
311(26)
Sutapa Das
Ali S. Res Had
Nilutpal Bhuyan
Debashis Sut
Pankaj Tiwari
Vaibhav V. Goud
Rupam Kataki
12.1 Introduction
311(2)
12.2 Diversity of nonedible oil seed bearing tree species of northeastern India
313(4)
12.3 Rubber seeds: a by-product of booming rubber industry of northeast India
317(1)
12.4 Renewable energy scenario
318(1)
12.5 Biofuel/biodiesel production from oil seeds
319(2)
12.6 Biorefinery concept
321(7)
12.6.1 Bio-oil
325(2)
12.6.2 Gaseous product
327(1)
12.6.3 Biochar
327(1)
12.7 Current challenges in the use of rubber seed for energy generation
328(1)
12.8 Scope for production of variable products using oil seeds
329(1)
12.9 Conclusions and perspectives
330(1)
References
330(7)
Chapter 13 Waste biorefinery based on waste carbon sources: case study of biodiesel production using carbon based catalysts and mixed feedstocks of nonedible and waste oils
337(42)
Ritesh S. Malani
Hanif A. Choudhury
Vijayanand S. Moholkar
13.1 General introduction on waste biorefinery
337(3)
13.2 Alternative methods for conversion of waste carbon source to energy/fuel
340(1)
13.3 Prospects of biodiesel production in waste biorefinery
341(2)
13.4 Waste carbon sources for biodiesel production
343(2)
13.5 Waste carbon-based catalysts for biodiesel production
345(8)
13.6 Opportunities/advantages of using mixed feedstocks for biodiesel and case studies
353(1)
13.7 Case studies for biodiesel production using mixed nonedible and waste oils
353(19)
13.8 Conclusions and perspectives
372(1)
References
372(7)
Chapter 14 Production of biodiesel and its application in engines
379(14)
Shailendra Kumar Shukla
Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore
14.1 Introduction
379(2)
14.2 Biodiesel production
381(1)
14.2.1 Direct blending
381(1)
14.2.2 Microemulsions
381(1)
14.2.3 Catalytic cracking
381(1)
14.2.4 Transesterification
381(1)
14.3 Policy considerations
382(1)
14.4 Life-cycle and economic analysis
383(1)
14.5 Case studies
384(3)
14.6 Conclusions and perspectives
387(1)
References
388(1)
Further reading
389(4)
Section E Sewage sludge biorefinery
Chapter 15 A biorefinery approach for sewage sludge
393(32)
Ayan Banerjee
Thallada Bhaskar
Debashish Ghosh
15.1 Introduction
393(8)
15.1.1 Sewage sludge: present status
394(1)
15.1.2 Wastewater treatment background: potential sources of sewage sludge
395(6)
15.2 Characterization of sewage sludge
401(6)
15.2.1 Organic fraction
401(3)
15.2.2 Inorganic fraction
404(2)
15.2.3 Microbial assemblages and pathogens
406(1)
15.3 Concept of integrated sewage sludge biorefinery
407(9)
15.3.1 Thermochemical and biochemical platforms for sewage sludge
408(5)
15.3.2 Biorefinery approach
413(2)
15.3.3 Economic benefits
415(1)
15.3.4 Environmental benefits
416(1)
15.4 Conclusions and perspectives
416(1)
References
417(8)
Section F Modelling and LCA studies
Chapter 16 Multiscale modeling approaches for waste biorefinery
425(30)
A.K.M. Kazi Aurnob
Ahaduzzaman Nahid
Kazi Bayzid Kabir
Kawnish Kirtania
16.1 Introduction
425(1)
16.2 Modeling strategies for biorefineries
426(1)
16.3 Nanoscale modeling
427(10)
16.3.1 Density functional theory approach
429(1)
16.3.2 FG-DVC modeling approach
430(1)
16.3.3 Lumped models based on single and multiple reactions
430(4)
16.3.4 Distributed activation energy model (DAEM)
434(3)
16.4 Fluid dynamics modeling
437(5)
16.4.1 Single particle modeling approach
438(2)
16.4.2 Multiparticle modeling approach
440(2)
16.5 Reduced order modeling
442(1)
16.6 System-scale modeling
443(5)
16.6.1 Process configuration optimization
443(2)
16.6.2 Technoeconomic assessment
445(3)
16.7 Conclusions and perspectives
448(1)
References
448(7)
Chapter 17 Application of life-cycle assessment in biorefineries
455(26)
Stella Bezergianni
Loukia P. Chrysikou
17.1 Introduction
455(2)
17.2 What is LCA?
457(4)
17.3 Basics of LCA in biorefineries
461(5)
17.3.1 Nonfood/feed-based biorefineries
462(1)
17.3.2 Waste-based biorefineries
463(2)
17.3.3 Impact of LCA
465(1)
17.4 Representative case studies
466(8)
17.4.1 Energy crops derived feedstock
467(3)
17.4.2 Waste-derived feedstock
470(3)
17.4.3 Algae-biomass derived feedstock
473(1)
17.5 Future research directions of LCA in biorefineries
474(2)
17.6 Conclusions and perspectives
476(2)
References
478(3)
Chapter 18 Life-cycle assessment of food waste recycling
481(34)
Chor-Man Lam
Iris Km. Yu
Shu-Chien Hsu
Daniel C.W. Tsang
18.1 Introduction
481(1)
18.2 Life-cycle assessment of food waste management
482(12)
18.2.1 Early LCA studies on solid wastes
483(1)
18.2.2 LCA on conventional food waste management technologies
484(5)
18.2.3 LCA on food waste bioconversion and valorization
489(5)
18.3 Case studies on LCA application on large-scale conventional food waste management and laboratory-scale food waste valorization scenarios
494(14)
18.3.1 Life-cycle cost-benefit analysis on sustainable food waste management in the Hong Kong International Airport
494(9)
18.3.2 Life-cycle assessment on food waste valorization to value-added products
503(5)
18.4 Challenges
508(2)
18.4.1 Use of LCA to address the change of paradigm in food waste management
508(1)
18.4.2 Adaptation of LCA framework to emerging technologies
509(1)
18.4.3 Standardization of food waste management LCA framework
509(1)
18.5 Conclusions and perspectives
510(1)
References
510(5)
Chapter 19 Determining key issues in life-cycle assessment of waste biorefineries
515(44)
Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha
Meisam Tabatabaei
Mortaza Aghbashlo
Mohammad Rehan
Abdul-Sattar Nizami
19.1 Introduction
515(2)
19.2 Biorefinery: definition and perspectives
517(12)
19.2.1 Biorefinery feedstock (residues/wastes)
519(3)
19.2.2 Biorefinery products
522(2)
19.2.3 Energy production pathways in biorefineries
524(5)
19.3 Life-cycle approach
529(13)
19.3.1 Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
529(3)
19.3.2 LCA of waste biorefineries
532(6)
19.3.3 Summary of LCA studies with a focus on waste biorefinery
538(4)
19.4 Conclusions and perspectives
542(7)
Acknowledgments
549(1)
References
549(10)
Section G System dynamics and carbon footprints
Chapter 20 System dynamics on wood and yard waste management
559(20)
Tiffany M.W. Mak
Lei Wang
Daniel C.W. Tsang
20.1 Introduction
559(3)
20.1.1 Holistic review on municipal solid waste around the globe
559(1)
20.1.2 Development of system dynamics model
560(2)
20.2 Literature review on the application of SD model
562(10)
20.2.1 Literature review on SD application in water management
564(2)
20.2.2 Literature review on SD application in energy policy formulation
566(1)
20.2.3 Literature review of on wood and yard waste management
567(5)
20.3 Conclusions and perspectives
572(1)
Acknowledgments
573(1)
References
573(6)
Chapter 21 Waste-to-biofuel and carbon footprints
579(22)
Yize Li
Asam Ahmed
Ian Watson
Siming You
21.1 Introduction
579(1)
21.2 Biofuel classification
580(1)
21.3 Waste-to-biofuel
581(6)
21.3.1 Waste-to-bioethanol
581(2)
21.3.2 Waste-to-biohydrogen
583(1)
21.3.3 Waste-to-biomethane
584(2)
21.3.4 Waste-to-biodiesel
586(1)
21.4 Carbon footprints
587(6)
21.4.1 Lifecycle assessment method
587(1)
21.4.2 LCA carbon footprints
588(5)
21.5 Conclusions and perspectives
593(1)
References
593(8)
Section H Country specific case studies
Chapter 22 Biorefmeries in Germany
601(30)
Maria Alexandri
Francesca Demichelis
Silvia Fiore
Mette Lubeck
Daniel Pleissner
22.1 Introduction
601(3)
22.2 Bioeconomy and biorefmeries in Germany
604(21)
22.2.1 Biowaste-based biorefinery
604(6)
22.2.2 Oil/fat-based
610(3)
22.2.3 Sugar/starch-based biorefmeries
613(6)
22.2.4 Green biomass-based
619(6)
22.3 Conclusions and future perspectives
625(1)
References
625(6)
Chapter 23 Integrated biorefinery concept for Indian paper and pulp industry
631(28)
Megha Sailwal
Ayan Banerjee
Thallada Bhaskar
Debashish Ghosh
23.1 Introduction
631(2)
23.1.1 Wastes from the paper and pulp industry: current status
632(1)
23.1.2 Biorefinery: an approach toward circular economy
632(1)
23.1.3 The necessity of paper and pulp waste biorefinery
633(1)
23.2 Indian paper and pulp industry
633(6)
23.2.1 Structure of the Indian paper industry
634(1)
23.2.2 Processes in Indian paper industry
635(4)
23.2.3 Introduction of treatment processes
639(1)
23.3 Paper industries of the west
639(2)
23.3.1 Structure of the Western paper industry
640(1)
23.3.2 Operation of the Western paper industry
641(1)
23.4 Wastes generated in paper and pulp industry
641(4)
23.4.1 Liquid waste
641(3)
23.4.2 Solid waste
644(1)
23.4.3 Gaseous waste
645(1)
23.5 Integrated biorefinery concept
645(6)
23.6 Research needs and directions
651(1)
23.7 Conclusions and perspectives
651(2)
References
653(6)
Chapter 24 Integration of biorefmeries for waste valorization in Ulsan Eco-Industrial Park, Korea
659(20)
Izhar Hussain Shah
Shishir Kumar Behera
Eldon R. Rene
Hung-Suck Park
24.1 Introduction
659(7)
24.1.1 Waste valorization: Korean context
660(3)
24.1.2 Waste valorization under Ulsan EIP
663(3)
24.2 Integration of biorefineries in Ulsan EIP
666(6)
24.2.1 Landfill gas reclamation and industrial symbiosis
666(1)
24.2.2 Biogas sharing network with a chemical plant
667(2)
24.2.3 Biorefinery strengthening and bioenergy networking
669(1)
24.2.4 Paper mill strengthening through steam and CO2 networking
669(1)
24.2.5 Ulsan Bio Energy Center
670(2)
24.3 Ulsan EIP program and waste valorization
672(1)
24.4 Progress on biorefineries: Asian context
673(2)
24.5 Conclusions and perspectives
675(1)
Acknowledgments
676(1)
References
676(3)
Chapter 25 Tannery wastewater treatment and resource recovery options
679(28)
Hassan Sawalha
Maher Al-Jabari
Amer Elhamouz
Abdelrahim Abusafa
Eldon R. Rene
25.1 Introduction
679(1)
25.2 Tannery waste characterization
680(4)
25.3 Tanning process
684(1)
25.4 Tannery waste treatment options
684(2)
25.5 Chromium removal and recovery
686(4)
25.5.1 Membrane electroflotation
686(2)
25.5.2 Ceramic microfiltration and reverse osmosis
688(1)
25.5.3 Biological treatment
689(1)
25.6 Sodium sulfide recovery and removal
690(5)
25.6.1 Enzymatic unhairing
692(1)
25.6.2 Aqueous ionic liquid solution
692(3)
25.7 Composting of wastes
695(4)
25.7.1 Case studies
695(2)
25.7.2 Recovery of fat
697(1)
25.7.3 Protein
698(1)
25.8 Health and safety aspects
699(2)
25.9 Standards and regulation related to the leather tanning industry
701(1)
25.10 Conclusions and perspectives
701(1)
Acknowledgments
702(1)
References
702(5)
Index 707
Dr Thallada Bhaskar, Senior Scientist, is currently heading the Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. He received Ph D for his work at CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) from Osmania University, Hyderabad in the year 1999. He carried out Postdoctoral Research at Okayama University, Okayama, Japan after which he joined as Research Assistant Professor and taught catalysis, chemical kinetics and thermodynamics for ~7 years. He has about 90 publications in journals of international repute, contributed 10 book chapters to renowned publishers (ACS, Elsevier, Woodhead Publishing, CRC Press etc) and 11 patents to his in his field of expertise in addition to 250 national and international symposia presentations.

His 20 years of research experience cover various fields of science revolving around his expertise in heterogeneous catalysis thermo-chemical conversion of biomass, waste plastics and e-waste plastics into value added hydrocarbons. He has prepared several catalysts and thrown a light on the structure activity relationships of novel catalytic materials for hydrotreatment of fossil based crudes. His contributions to the field of sustainable hydrocarbons are in the form of process knowhow and catalyst developments. His patents and publications discuss crucial points encompassing wide areas of thermo-catalytic conversion like pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction for biomass (agricultural, forest residues and aquatic biomass) and plastic waste (industrial and e-waste) conversion. In addition he worked on developing micro-channel reactors for several chemical reactions and separation processes. His other interests include utilization of non-conventional energies for the sustainable production of hydrocarbons utilizing the polymeric wastes available which will make the thermo-chemical methods of conversion more energy efficient.

In view of his expertise, he is on the editorial board of 2 international peer reviewed journals and expert member of several committees. He received the Distinguished Researcher award from AIST (2013), Japan and Most Progressive Researcher award from FSRJ, Japan (2008). He is also the Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India and member of the Governing Council. He received the Raman Research Fellowship for the year 2013-14. He was also a JSPS Visiting Scientist to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan during 2009. He has carried out several research projects with great success with national and international collaborators. He has organized several international symposia in India and abroad in this area and visited several countries to deliver invited/ plenary lectures. Prof. Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. His major research and technological development interests are industrial and environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, etc.

Eldon R. Rene is Senior Lecturer at IHE-Delft, Institute of Water Education, The Netherlands. He has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Madras (India). Eldons broad research interests are related to the development of biological treatment processes for wastewater and waste-gas treatment, resource recovery, and the use of artificial intelligence tools for environmental monitoring and environmental process control. He is the Managing Editor of the journal Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, the Associate Editor of Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE) and the editorial board of Bioresource Technology Reports. He has over 250 publications and conference communications, which include 2 books, 160 original and review papers, 26 book chapters, 10 journal special issues and 7 conference monographs. Eldon is the two time recipient of the Young Scientist Award conferred by the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering Conference (CESE) organizers in Sydney (Australia) and Kaohsiung (Taiwan), respectively. Previously, for his post-doctoral research stays, he was awarded the Juan de la Cierva fellowship by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain), and the Brain Korea 20 (BK20) Fellowship from the South Korean government. For the years 2018 and 2019, he has recently been awarded the Research Fund for International Young Scientists by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). As a part of his educational campaign and capacity building activities on improving scientific writing skills for non-english speaking researchers, he regularly conducts scientific writing workshop at major conferences, especially, if they are held in developing countries. Since 2016, he has taught more than 700 MS, PhD students and young staff members during specialized events/workshops. He is also affiliated as a life member at the International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses (IFIBiop). Daniel C.W. Tsang is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Pao Yue-Kong Chair Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization of Zhejiang University in China. He was a Professor and MSc Programme Leader at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a Visiting Professor at the University of Queensland in Australia and Chulalongkorn University in Thailand, a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University in the US, an IMETE Scholar at Ghent University in Belgium, and a postdoctoral fellow at Imperial College London in the UK. With over 20 years of R&D experience, he has published more than 600 articles in top-tier journals and has been recognized among Stanford Universitys Top 2% Scientists and Clarivates Highly Cited Researchers in the fields of Engineering and Environment & Ecology. His team is dedicated to developing green technologies for long-term decarbonization and promoting resource circularity and sustainable development. He serves as the Editor-in-Chief of npj Materials Sustainability (Springer Nature), Chairman of the Hong Kong Waste Management Association (2023-2025), and Chairman of the Waste Management Subcommittee of the Advisory Council on the Environment (2023 & 2024) of the Hong Kong SAR Government.