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E-grāmata: Water, Food and Poverty in River Basins: Defining the Limits

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Conventional wisdom says that the world is heading for a major water crisis. By 2050, global population will increase from 7 billion to a staggering 9.5 billion and the demands this will place on food and water systems will inevitably push river basins over the edge.

The findings from this book present a different picture. While it is convenient to visualize an inevitable global water and food crisis in which increasing demands result in increasing poverty, food insecurity and conflict, the reality is far more nuanced and revolves around the politics of equitable and sustainable development of resources.

The first part of this book provides detailed insight into conditions of water flows within nine river basins. In the second part, authors summarize and re-analyze the outcome of the nine basins, providing a coherent global picture of water, water productivity and development. They assess the impacts of variations of these attributes on development and approaches for poverty alleviation, and explore the institutional factors that support or obstruct change.

How people will manage river systems while protecting vital ecosystem functions will make the difference between catastrophe and survival. As Prof Asit Biswas points out, "... the world is facing a water crisis not because of physical scarcity of water but because of poor management practices in nearly all countries of the world."

The book is based on the four years (2006-2010) of extensive research into the state of ten of the worlds major river basins carried out under the CGIAR Challenge Program for Water and Foods Basin Focal Project.

This book was published as a special issue of Water International.
Acknowledgements vii
Preface ix
Asit K. Biswas
Part 1 The Basin Focal Projects
1 Introduction: water, food and poverty in river basins
1(8)
Myles Fisher
Simon Cook
2 The Andes basins: biophysical and developmental diversity in a climate of change
9(21)
Mark Mulligan
Jorge Rubiano
Glenn Hyman
Douglas White
James Garcia
Miguel Saravia
Juan Gabriel Leon
John J. Selvaraj
Tatiana Guttierez
Luis Leonardo Saenz-Cruz
3 The Indus and the Ganges: river basins under extreme pressure
30(29)
Bharat Sharma
Upali Amarasinghe
Cai Xueliang
Devaraj de Condappa
Tushaar Shah
Aditi Mukherji
Luna Bharati
G. Ambili
Asad Qureshi
Dhruba Pant
Stefanos Xenarios
R. Singh
Vladimir Smakhtin
4 The Karkheh River basin: the food basket of Iran under pressure
59(23)
Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad
Mark Giordano
5 Vulnerable populations, unreliable water and low water productivity: a role for institutions in the Limpopo Basin
82(28)
Amy Sullivan
Lindiwe Majele Sibanda
6 The Mekong: a diverse basin facing the tensions of development
110(21)
Mac Kirby
Chayanis Krittasudthacheewa
Mohammed Mainuddin
Eric Kemp-Benedict
Chris Swartz
Elnora de la Rosa
7 Water, agriculture and poverty in the Niger River basin
131(29)
Andrew Ogilvie
Gil Mahe
John Ward
Georges Serpantie
Jacques Lemoalle
Pierre Morand
Bruno Barbier
Amadou Tamsir Diop
Armelle Caron
Regassa Namarra
David Kaczan
Anna Lukasiewicz
Jean-Emmanuel Paturel
Gaston Lienou
Jean-Charles Clanet
8 The Nile Basin: tapping the unmet agricultural potential of Nile waters
160(32)
Seleshi Awulachew
Lisa-Maria Rebelo
David Molden
9 Farming systems and food production in the Volta Basin
192(26)
Jacques Lemoalle
Devaraj de Condappa
10 Yellow River basin: living with scarcity
218(21)
Claudia Ringler
Ximing Cai
Jinxia Wang
Akhter Ahmed
Yunpeng Xue
Zongxue Xu
Ethan Yang
Zhao Jianshi
Tingju Zhu
Lei Cheng
Fu Yongfeng
Fu Xinfeng
Gu Xiaowei
Liangzhi You
Part 2 Cross-Basin Analysis and Synthesis
11 Water, food and poverty: global- and basin-scale analysis
239(16)
Simon Cook
Myles Fisher
Tassilo Tiemann
Alain Vidal
12 Water availability and use across the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) basins
255(25)
Mark Mulligan
L.L. Saenz Cruz
J. Pena-Arancibia
B. Pandey
Gil Mahe
Myles Fisher
13 Producing more food with less water in a changing world: assessment of water productivity in 10 major river basins
280(21)
Xueliang Cai
David Molden
Mohammed Mainuddin
Bharat Sharma
Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad
Poolad Karimi
14 The resilience of big river basins
301(33)
Graeme S. Cumming
15 The nature and impact of climate change in the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) basins
334(29)
Mark Mulligan
Myles Fisher
Bharat Sharma
Z.X. Xu
Claudia Ringler
Gil Mahe
Andy Jarvis
Julian Ramirez
Jean-Charles Clanet
Andrew Ogilvie
Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad
16 Connections between poverty, water and agriculture: evidence from 10 river basins
363(16)
Eric Kemp-Benedict
Simon Cook
Summer L. Allen
Steve Vosti
Jacques Lemoalle
Mark Giordano
John Ward
David Kaczan
17 Institutions and organizations: the key to sustainable management of resources in river basins
379(15)
Myles Fisher
Simon Cook
Tassilo Tiemann
James E. Nickum
Index 394
Myles Fisher is an Emeritus Scientist at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical CIAT in Cali, Colombia. He worked in the agronomy and physiology of tropical pastures in the Northern Territory of Australia and southeast Queensland with CSIRO and in Colombia at CIAT. He was Lead Scientist for the CGIAR InterCenter Working Group on Climate Change. He consults with CIAT on simulation modeling, soil carbon dynamics and climate change, and to the UNDP on the preservation of Tajikistans (Central Asia) agrobiodiversity in the face of climate change.



Simon Cook coordinated the Basin Focal Projects of the Challenge Program for Water and Food on which this work is based. Prior to that, he was theme leader within the Challenge Program, and project leader with CIAT. Currently he leads the working group on Global Drivers for the Challenge Program. Based in Cali, Colombia, he is associated with the Centre for Water Research at the University of Western Australia, Perth.