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E-grāmata: Wave Propagation in Materials and Structures [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Department of Aerospace Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bangalore, India)
  • Formāts: 972 pages, 31 Tables, black and white; 390 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2016
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781315372099
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Wave Propagation in Materials and StructuresPalielināt
  • Formāts: 972 pages, 31 Tables, black and white; 390 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2016
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781315372099
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Taylor & Francis e-booksMore info about Taylor & Francis e-books
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315372099
This book focuses on basic and advanced concepts of wave propagation in diverse material systems and structures. Topics are organized in increasing order of complexity for better appreciation of the subject. Additionally, the book provides basic guidelines to design many of the futuristic materials and devices for varied applications. The material in the book also can be used for designing safer and more lightweight structures such as aircraft, bridges, and mechanical and structural components. The main objective of this book is to bring both the introductory and the advanced topics of wave propagation into one text. Such a text is necessary considering the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject. This book is written in a step-by step modular approach wherein the chapters are organized so that the complexity in the subject is slowly introduced with increasing chapter numbers. Text starts by introducing all the fundamental aspects of wave propagations and then moves on to advanced topics on the subject. Every chapter is provided with a number of numerical examples of increasing complexity to bring out the concepts clearly The solution of wave propagation is computationally very intensive and hence two different approaches, namely, the Finite Element method and the Spectral Finite method are introduced and have a strong focus on wave propagation. The book is supplemented by an exhaustive list of references at the end of the book for the benefit of readers.
Preface xix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(12)
1.1 Essential Components Of A Wave
1(4)
1.1.1 Standing Waves
4(1)
1.2 Need For Wave Propagation Analysis In Structures And Materials
5(3)
1.3 Organization And Scope Of The Book
8(5)
Chapter 2 Local And Non-Local Elasticity: Introductory Concepts 13(42)
2.1 Introduction To The Theory Of Elasticity
14(27)
2.1.1 Description Of Motion
14(3)
2.1.2 Strain
17(2)
2.1.3 Strain-Displacement Relations
19(1)
2.1.4 Stress
20(3)
2.1.5 Principal Stresses
23(2)
2.1.6 Constitutive Relations
25(4)
2.1.7 Elastic Symmetry
29(2)
2.1.8 Governing Equations Of Motion
31(1)
2.1.9 Dimensional Reduction Of 3D Elasticity Problems
32(1)
2.1.10 Plane Problems In Elasticity: Reduction To Two Dimensions
33(6)
2.1.11 Solution Procedures In Linear Theory Of Elasticity
39(2)
2.2 Theory Of Gradient Elasticity
41(14)
2.2.1 Eringen's Stress Gradient Theory
44(6)
2.2.2 Strain Gradient Theory
50(5)
Chapter 3 Introduction To The Theory Of Composites And Functionally Graded Materials 55(24)
3.1 Introduction To Composite Materials
56(1)
3.2 Theory Of Laminated Composites
57(14)
3.2.1 Micro-Mechanical Analysis Of Composites
58(3)
3.2.2 Macro-Mechanical Analysis Of Composites
61(5)
3.2.3 Classical Lamination Plate Theory
66(5)
3.3 Introduction To Functionally Graded Materials (FGM)
71(8)
3.3.1 Modeling Of FGM Structures
74(5)
Chapter 4 Introduction To Integral Transforms 79(28)
4.1 Fourier Transforms
79(10)
4.1.1 Fourier Series
83(2)
4.1.2 Discrete Fourier Transform
85(4)
4.2 Short-Term Fourier Transform (STFT)
89(1)
4.3 Wavelet Transforms
90(11)
4.3.1 Daubechies Compactly Supported Wavelets
91(3)
4.3.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
94(7)
4.4 Laplace Transforms
101(3)
4.4.1 Need For Numerical Laplace Transform
101(1)
4.4.2 Numerical Laplace Transform
102(2)
4.5 Comparative Merits And Demerits Of Different Transforms
104(3)
Chapter 5 Introduction To Wave Propagation 107(20)
5.1 Concept Of Wavenumber, Group Speeds, And Phase Speeds
109(3)
5.2 Wave Propagation Terminologies
112(1)
5.3 Spectral Analysis Of Motion
113(6)
5.3.1 Second-Order System
114(3)
5.3.2 Fourth-Order System
117(2)
5.4 General Form Of Wave Equations And Their Characteristics
119(3)
5.4.1 General Form Of Wave Equations
119(3)
5.5 Different Methods Of Computing Wavenumbers And Wave Amplitudes
122(5)
5.5.1 Method 1: The Companion Matrix And The SVD Technique
123(1)
5.5.2 Method 2: Linearization Of PEP
124(3)
Chapter 6 Wave Propagation In One-Dimensional Isotropic Structural Waveguides 127(78)
6.1 Hamilton's Principle
128(3)
6.2 Wave Propagation In 1D Elementary Waveguides
131(44)
6.2.1 Longitudinal Wave Propagation In Rods
132(14)
6.2.2 Flexural Wave Propagation In Beams
146(25)
6.2.3 Wave Propagation In A Framed Structure
171(4)
6.3 Wave Propagation In Higher-Order Waveguides
175(16)
6.3.1 Wave Propagation In A Timoshenko Beam
177(8)
6.3.2 Wave Propagation In A Mindlin-Herrmann Rod
185(6)
6.4 Wave Propagation In Rotating Beams
191(2)
6.5 Wave Propagation In Tapered Waveguides
193(12)
6.5.1 Wave Propagation In A Tapered Rod With Exponential Depth Variation
197(1)
6.5.2 Wave Propagation In A Tapered Rod With Polynomial Depth Variation
198(3)
6.5.3 Wave Propagation In A Tapered Beam
201(4)
Chapter 7 Wave Propagation In Two-Dimensional Isotropic Waveguides 205(36)
7.1 Governing Equations Of Motion
206(27)
7.1.1 Solution Of Navier's Equation
208(1)
7.1.2 Propagation Of Waves In Infinite 2D Media
209(4)
7.1.3 Wave Propagation In Semi-Infinite 2D Media
213(11)
7.1.4 Wave Propagation In Doubly Bounded Media
224(6)
7.1.5 Traction-Free Surfaces: A Case Of Lamb Wave Propagation
230(3)
7.2 Wave Propagation In Thin Plates
233(8)
7.2.1 Spectral Analysis
236(5)
Chapter 8 Wave Propagation In Laminated Composites 241(52)
8.1 Wave Propagation In A 1D Laminated Composite Waveguide
243(5)
8.1.1 Computation Of Wavenumbers
244(2)
8.1.2 Wavenumber And Wave Speeds In 1D Elementary Composite Beams
246(2)
8.2 Wave Propagation In Thick 1D Laminated Composite Waveguides
248(16)
8.2.1 Wave Motion In Thick Composite Beam
248(16)
8.3 Wave Propagation In Composite Cylindrical Tubes
264(13)
8.3.1 Linear Wave Motion In Composite Tubes
265(5)
8.3.2 Wave Propagation In Thin Composite Tubes
270(7)
8.4 Wave Propagation In Two-Dimensional Composite Waveguides
277(6)
8.4.1 Formulation Of Governing Equations And Computation Of Wavenumbers
279(4)
8.5 Wave Propagation In 2D Laminated Composite Plates
283(10)
8.5.1 Governing Equations And Wavenumber Computations
284(9)
Chapter 9 Wave Propagation In Sandwich Structural Waveguides 293(32)
9.1 Wave Propagation In Sandwich Beams Based On Extended Higher-Order Sandwich Plate Theory (EHSAPT)
297(14)
9.1.1 Governing Differential Equations
298(9)
9.1.2 Wave Propagation Characteristics
307(4)
9.2 Wave Propagation In 2D Sandwich Plate Wave-Guides
311(14)
9.2.1 Governing Differential Equations
313(2)
9.2.2 Computation Of Wave Parameters
315(4)
9.2.3 Numerical Examples
319(6)
Chapter 10 Wave Propagation In Functionally Graded Material Waveguides 325(34)
10.1 Wave Propagation In Lengthwise Graded Rods
327(3)
10.2 Wave Propagation In A Depthwise Graded FGM Beam
330(7)
10.3 Wave Propagation On Lengthwise Graded Beam
337(5)
10.4 Wave Propagation In 2D Functionally Graded Structures
342(7)
10.5 Thermo-Elastic Wave Propagation In Functionally Graded Waveguides
349(10)
Chapter 11 Wave Propagation In Nanostructures And Nanocomposite Structures 359(114)
11.1 Introduction To Nanostructures
360(4)
11.1.1 Structure Of Carbon Nanotubes
362(2)
11.2 Wave Propagation In MWCNTS Using The Local Euler-Bernoulli Model
364(5)
11.2.1 Wave Parameters Computation
368(1)
11.3 Wave Propagation In MWCNT Through A Local Shell Model
369(17)
11.3.1 Governing Differential Equations
372(2)
11.3.2 Calculation Of Wavenumbers
374(12)
11.4 Wave Propagation In Non-Local Stress Gradient Nanorods
386(5)
11.4.1 Governing Equations Of ESGT Nanorods
386(5)
11.5 Axial Wave Propagation In Non-Local Strain Gradient Nanorods
391(10)
11.5.1 Governing Equation For Second-Order Strain Gradient Model
393(1)
11.5.2 Governing Equation For Fourth-Order Strain Gradient Model
394(1)
11.5.3 Uniqueness And Stability Of SOSGT Nanorods
394(2)
11.5.4 Axial Wave Propagation In SOSGT Nanorods
396(1)
11.5.5 Axial Wave Characteristics Of The Fourth-Order SGT Model
397(1)
11.5.6 Wave Propagation Analysis
397(4)
11.6 Wave Propagation In Higher-Order Nanorods Using The ESGT Model
401(4)
11.7 Wave Propagation In Nanobeams Using ESGT Formulations
405(9)
11.7.1 Transverse Wave Propagation In The ESGT Model-Based Euler-Bernoulli Nanobeam
406(3)
11.7.2 Transverse Wave Propagation In An ESGT Model-Based Timoshenko Nanobeam
409(5)
11.8 Wave Propagation In Mwcnt Using The ESGT Model
414(13)
11.8.1 Wave Dispersion In SWCNTS
422(2)
11.8.2 Wave Dispersion In DWCNTS
424(3)
11.9 Wave Propagation In Graphene
427(13)
11.9.1 Governing Equations For Flexural Wave Propagation In Monolayer Graphene Sheets
431(2)
11.9.2 Wave Dispersion Analysis
433(7)
11.10 wave Propagation In Graphene In An Elastic Medium
440(11)
11.10.1 Wave Dispersion Analysis
442(9)
11.11 Wave Propagation In A Cnt-Reinforced Nanocomposite Beam
451(22)
11.11.1 Governing Equation
452(10)
11.11.2 Computation Of Wavenumbers And Group Speeds
462(11)
Chapter 12 Finite Element Method For Wave Propagation Problems 473(92)
12.1 Introductory Concepts
473(4)
12.2 Variational Principles
477(12)
12.2.1 Work And Complementary Work
477(2)
12.2.2 Strain Energy And Complementary Strain Energy
479(2)
12.2.3 Weighted Residual Techniques
481(5)
12.2.4 Energy Functional
486(2)
12.2.5 Weak Form Of The Governing Differential Equation
488(1)
12.3 Energy Theorems
489(4)
12.3.1 Principle Of Virtual Work
489(2)
12.3.2 Principle Of Minimum Potential Energy (PMPE)
491(1)
12.3.3 Rayleigh-Ritz Method
492(1)
12.4 Finite Element Formulation: H - Type Formulation
493(24)
12.4.1 Shape Functions
495(5)
12.4.2 Derivation Of Finite Element Equations
500(4)
12.4.3 Isoparametric Formulation
504(6)
12.4.4 Numerical Integration And Gauss Quadrature
510(1)
12.4.5 Mass And Damping Matrix Formulation
511(6)
12.5 Superconvergent Fe Formulation
517(5)
12.5.1 Formulation Of A Superconvergent Laminated Composite FSDT Beam Element
519(3)
12.6 Time Domain Spectral Finite Element Formulation- Ap - Type Finite Element Formulation
522(9)
12.6.1 Orthogonal Polynomials
524(7)
12.7 Solution Methods For Finite Element Method
531(5)
12.7.1 Finite Element Equation Solution In Static Analysis
531(2)
12.7.2 Finite Element Equation Solution In Dynamic Analysis
533(3)
12.8 Direct Time Integration
536(6)
12.8.1 Explicit Time Integration Techniques
537(2)
12.8.2 Implicit Time Integration
539(1)
12.8.3 Newmark beta Method
540(2)
12.9 Numerical Examples
542(15)
12.9.1 Super-Convergent Beam Element
542(8)
12.9.2 Time Domain Spectral FEM
550(7)
12.10 modeling Guidelines For Wave Propagation Problems
557(8)
Chapter 13 Spectral Finite Element Formulation 565(104)
13.1 Introduction To Spectral Finite Element Method
565(6)
13.1.1 General Formulation Procedure Of SFEM: Fourier Transform
567(2)
13.1.2 General Formulation Procedure: Wavelet Transform
569(1)
13.1.3 General Formulation Procedure: Laplace Transform
570(1)
13.2 Fourier Transform-Based Spectral Finite Element Formulation
571(54)
13.2.1 Spectral Rod Element
571(5)
13.2.2 Spectrally Formulated Elementary Beam Element
576(2)
13.2.3 Higher-Order 1D Composite Waveguides
578(5)
13.2.4 Spectral Element For Framed Structures
583(4)
13.2.5 Wave Propagation Through An Angled Joint
587(1)
13.2.6 Composite 2D Layer Element
588(7)
13.2.7 Propagation Of Surface And Interfacial Waves In Laminated Composites
595(4)
13.2.8 Determination Of Lamb Wave Modes In Laminated Composites
599(5)
13.2.9 Spectral Element Formulation For An Anisotropic Plate
604(5)
13.2.10 Spectral Finite Element Formulation Of A Stiffened Composite Structure
609(6)
13.2.11 Numerical Examples Wave Propagation In Stiffened Structures
615(5)
13.2.12 Merits And Demerits Of Fourier Spectral Finite Element Method
620(2)
13.2.13 Signal Wraparound Problems In FSFEM
622(3)
13.3 Wavelet Transform-Based Spectral Finite Element Formulation
625(25)
13.3.1 Governing Equations And Their Reduction To Ordinary Differential Equations
626(4)
13.3.2 Periodic Boundary Conditions
630(2)
13.3.3 Estimation Of Wavenumber And Group Speeds: Existence Of Artificial Dispersion
632(1)
13.3.4 Non-Periodic Boundary Condition
633(2)
13.3.5 Spectral Element Formulation
635(2)
13.3.6 Numerical Examples
637(13)
13.4 Laplace Transform-Based Spectral Finite Element Formulation
650(19)
13.4.1 Analogy For The Numerical Damping Factor
655(1)
13.4.2 Computation Of Wavenumbers And Group Speeds
655(5)
13.4.3 Numerical Examples
660(9)
Chapter 14 Wave Propagation In Smart Composite Structures 669(74)
14.1 Introduction
669(2)
14.2 Constitutive Models For Piezoelectric Smart Composite Structures
671(7)
14.2.1 Model For Piezoelectric Material
672(2)
14.2.2 Constitutive Model For Smart Piezo Composites
674(4)
14.3 Constitutive Model For Magnetostrictive Materials
678(20)
14.3.1 Coupled Constitutive Model
680(18)
14.4 Constitutive Model For Electrostrictive Materials
698(3)
14.4.1 Constitutive Relation Using Polarization
699(1)
14.4.2 Quadratic Model
700(1)
14.4.3 Hyperbolic Tangent Constitutive Relations
700(1)
14.5 Wave Propagation In Structures With Piezo-Electric And Electrostrictive Actuators
701(18)
14.5.1 Governing Equation For A Beam With Electrostrictive Actuator
701(3)
14.5.2 Governing Equation For Beam With Piezoelectric Actuator
704(1)
14.5.3 Computation Of Wavenumbers And Group Speeds
704(3)
14.5.4 Spectral Finite Element Formulation
707(2)
14.5.5 Numerical Examples
709(10)
14.6 Wave Propagation In A Composite Beam With Embedded Magnetostrictive Patches
719(24)
14.6.1 Nth-Order Shear Deformation Theory With mth-Order Poisson Lateral Contraction
719(7)
14.6.2 Spectral Analysis
726(6)
14.6.3 Numerical Examples
732(11)
Chapter 15 Wave Propagation In Defective Waveguides 743(56)
15.1 Wave Propagation In Single Delaminated Composite Beams
744(9)
15.1.1 Numerical Examples
750(3)
15.2 Wave Propagation In Beams With Multiple Delaminations
753(5)
15.2.1 Numerical Example
757(1)
15.3 Wave Propagation In A Composite Beam With Fiber Breaks Or Vertical Cracks
758(13)
15.3.1 Modeling Dynamic Contact Between Crack Surfaces
764(1)
15.3.2 Modeling Of Surface-Breaking Cracks
765(2)
15.3.3 Distributed Constraints At The Interfaces Between Sub-Laminates And Hanging Laminates
767(2)
15.3.4 Numerical Example
769(2)
15.4 Wave Propagation In Degraded Composite Structures
771(11)
15.4.1 Empirical Degraded Model
772(4)
15.4.2 Average Degradation Model
776(4)
15.4.3 Numerical Example
780(2)
15.5 Wave Propagation In A 2D Plate With Vertical Cracks
782(6)
15.5.1 Flexibility Along The Crack
785(3)
15.6 Wave Propagation In Porous Beams
788(11)
15.6.1 Modified Rule Of Mixtures
788(1)
15.6.2 Numerical Results
789(10)
Chapter 16 Wave Propagation In Periodic Waveguides 799(40)
16.1 General Considerations On The Repetitive Volume Elements
802(1)
16.2 Theory Of Bloch Waves
803(3)
16.3 Spectral Finite Element Model For Periodic Structures
806(4)
16.3.1 Spectral Super Element Approach
806(2)
16.3.2 Efficient Computation Of [ KSS]
808(2)
16.4 Dispersion Characteristics Of A Periodic Wave-Guide With Defects
810(2)
16.4.1 Determinantal Equation Approach
810(1)
16.4.2 Transfer Matrix Eigenvalue Approach
811(1)
16.5 Numerical Examples
812(10)
16.5.1 Beam With Periodic Cracks
812(10)
16.6 SFEM For Periodic Structures
822(17)
16.6.1 Wave Propagation Analysis
829(4)
16.6.2 Comparison Of Computational Efficiency Of Periodic SFEM Model As Opposed To FEM
833(6)
Chapter 17 Wave Propagation In Uncertain Waveguides 839(24)
17.1 Monte Carlo Simulations In The SFEM Environment
840(1)
17.2 Results And Discussion
841(22)
17.2.1 Effect Of Uncertainty On Velocity Time Histories
842(3)
17.2.2 Comparison Of Computational Efficiency Of FEM And SFEM Under MCS
845(2)
17.2.3 Distribution Of Time Of Arrival Of The First Reflection
847(1)
17.2.4 Effect Of Loading Frequency On The Time Histories
848(2)
17.2.5 Wavenumber COV For Different Material Property Distribution
850(2)
17.2.6 Wavenumber Distributions For Different Type Of Input Distribution
852(4)
17.2.7 Effect Of Material Uncertainty On Wavenumbers Obtained Using Higher-Order Theories
856(7)
Chapter 18 Wave Propagation In Hyperelastic Waveguides 863(76)
18.1 Theory Of Hyperelasticity
865(5)
18.2 Non-Linear Governing Equation For An Isotropic Rod
870(1)
18.3 Time Domain Finite Element Models For Hyperelastic Analysis
871(7)
18.3.1 Standard Galerkin Finite Element Model (SGFEM)
871(1)
18.3.2 Time Domain Spectral Finite Element Model (TDSFEM)
872(2)
18.3.3 Taylor-Galerkin Finite Element Model (TGFEM)
874(2)
18.3.4 Generalized Galerkin Finite Element Model (GGFEM)
876(2)
18.4 Fsfem For Hyperelastic Wave Propagation
878(4)
18.5 Numerical Results And Discussion
882(20)
18.5.1 Performance Comparison Of Finite Element Schemes
884(14)
18.5.2 Performance Of Frequency Domain Spectral Finite Element Model
898(1)
18.5.3 Effect Of Non-Linearity On Wave Propagation In Hyperelastic Waveguides
898(2)
18.5.4 Summary Of Numerical Efficiency Of Different Finite Element Schemes
900(2)
18.6 Non-Linear Flexural Wave Propagation In Hyperelastic Timoshenko Beams
902(37)
18.6.1 Numerical Results And Discussion
903(36)
Index 939
Dr. Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan is a professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Professor Gopalakrishnan works in the area of wave propagation in complex mediums, structural health monitoring, and modeling of nanostructures, wherein he has made seminal contributions.
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