| Preface |
|
xxi | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxiii | |
| Part I: Foundations |
|
|
1 Introduction: The Citizen and Government |
|
|
2 | (28) |
|
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
Different Forms of Government Are Defined by Power and Freedom |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Limits on Governments Encouraged Freedom |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Expansion of Participation in America Changed the Political Balance |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
The Goal of Politics Is Having a Say in What Happens |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
Political Efficacy Means People Can Make a Difference |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time |
|
|
10 | (6) |
|
Immigration and Increasing Ethnic Diversity Have Long Caused Intense Debate |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
|
12 | (4) |
|
America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy |
|
|
16 | (4) |
|
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side: Global Diversity |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Equality Means Treating People Fairly |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
Democracy Means That What the People Want Matters |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Government Affects Our Lives Every Day |
|
|
20 | (3) |
|
Trust in Government Has Declined |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
American Political Culture: What Do We Want? |
|
|
23 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Who Voted in 2016? |
|
|
25 | (3) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2 The Founding and the Constitution |
|
|
30 | (36) |
|
The First Founding: Ideals, Interests, and Conflicts |
|
|
33 | (5) |
|
Narrow Interests and Political Conflicts Shaped the First Founding |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
British Taxes Hurt Colonial Economic Interests |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Political Strife Radicalized the Colonists |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
The Declaration of Independence Explained Why the Colonists Wanted to Break with Great Britain |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
The Articles of Confederation Created America's First National Government |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
The Failure of the Articles of Confederation Made the "Second Founding" Necessary |
|
|
38 | (5) |
|
The Annapolis Convention Was Key to Calling a National Convention |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
Shays's Rebellion Showed How Weak the Government Was |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
The Constitutional Convention Didn't Start Out to Write a New Constitution |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
The Constitution Created Both Bold Powers and Sharp Limits on Power |
|
|
43 | (8) |
|
The Legislative Branch Was Designed to Be the Most Powerful |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
The Executive Branch Created a Brand New Office |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
The Judicial Branch Was a Check on Too Much Democracy |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
National Unity and Power Set the New Constitution Apart from the Old Articles |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
The Constitution Establishes the Process for Amendment |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
The Constitution Sets Forth Rules for Its Own Ratification |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
The Constitution Limits the National Government's Power |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
Ratification of the Constitution Was Difficult |
|
|
51 | (5) |
|
Federalists and Antifederalists Fought Bitterly over the Wisdom of the New Constitution |
|
|
52 | (4) |
|
America Side By Side: Comparing Systems of Government |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Both Federalists and Antifederalists Contributed to the Success of the New System |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Changing the Constitution |
|
|
56 | (4) |
|
Amendments: Many Are Called; Few Are Chosen |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
The Amendment Process Reflects "Higher Law" |
|
|
57 | (3) |
|
The Constitution: What Do We Want? |
|
|
60 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Gained the Right to Vote through Amendments? |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (30) |
|
Federalism Shapes American Politics |
|
|
69 | (4) |
|
Federalism Comes from the Constitution |
|
|
69 | (4) |
|
The Definition of Federalism Has Changed Radically over Time |
|
|
73 | (12) |
|
Federalism under the "Traditional System" Gave Most Powers to the States |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
The Supreme Court Paved the Way for the End of the Earl Federal System |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
FDR's New Deal Remade the Government |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Changing Court Interpretations of Federalism Helped the New Deal While Preserving States' Rights |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
Cooperative Federalism Pushes States to Achieve National Goals |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
National Standards Have Been Advanced through Federal Programs |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
America Side By Side: Cooperative Federalism: Competition or a Check on Power? |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
New Federalism Means More State Control |
|
|
85 | (5) |
|
There Is No Simple Answer to Finding the Right National-State Balance |
|
|
86 | (4) |
|
Federalism: What Do We Want? |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Participates in State and Local Politics? |
|
|
91 | (3) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
4 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights |
|
|
96 | (48) |
|
The Origin of the Bill of Rights Lies in Those Who Opposed the Constitution |
|
|
99 | (4) |
|
The Fourteenth Amendment Nationalized the Bill of Rights through Incorporation |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
The First Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Religion, Speech, and the Press |
|
|
103 | (9) |
|
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and of the Press Ensure the Free Exchange of Ideas |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Political Speech Is Consistently Protected |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Symbolic Speech, Speech Plus, Assembly, and Petition Are Highly Protected |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
Freedom of the Press Is Broad |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Some Speech Has Only Limited Protection |
|
|
109 | (3) |
|
The Second Amendment Now Protects an Individual's Right to Own a Gun |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Rights of the Criminally Accused Are Based on Due Process of Law |
|
|
113 | (6) |
|
The Fourth Amendment Protects against Unlawful Searches and Seizures |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
The Fifth Amendment Covers Court-Related Rights |
|
|
115 | (2) |
|
The Sixth Amendment's Right to Counsel Is Crucial for a Fair Trial |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
The Eighth Amendment Bars Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
The Right to Privacy Means the Right to Be Left Alone |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Civil Rights Are Protections by the Government |
|
|
120 | (10) |
|
Plessy v. Ferguson Established "Separate but Equal" |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Lawsuits to Fight for Equality Came after World War II |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
The Civil Rights Struggle Escalated after Brown v. Board of Education |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
The Civil Rights Acts Made Equal Protection a Reality |
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
Affirmative Action Attempts to Right Past Wrongs |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
The Civil Rights Struggle Was Extended to Other Disadvantaged Groups |
|
|
130 | (7) |
|
Americans Have Fought Gender Discrimination |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
Latinos and Asian Americans Fight for Rights |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
Native Americans Have Sovereignty but Still Lack Rights |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side: Civil Liberties around the World |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Disabled Americans Won a Great Victory in 1990 |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Civil Liberties and Civil Rights: What Do We Want? |
|
|
137 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Religious Affiliation and Freedom of Religion |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
143 | (1) |
| Part II: Politics |
|
|
|
|
144 | (32) |
|
Public Opinion Represents Attitudes about Politics |
|
|
147 | (5) |
|
Americans Share Common Political Values |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
America's Dominant Political Ideologies Are Liberalism and Conservatism |
|
|
149 | (3) |
|
Americans Exhibit Low Trust in Government |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Political Socialization Shapes Public Opinion |
|
|
152 | (5) |
|
Political Knowledge Is Important in Shaping Public Opinion |
|
|
157 | (3) |
|
The Media and Government Mold Opinion |
|
|
160 | (3) |
|
The Government Leads Public Opinion |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
Private Groups Also Shape Public Opinion |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
The News Media's Message Affects Public Opinion |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
Government Policies Also Respond to Public Opinion |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Measuring Public Opinion Is Crucial to Understanding What It Is |
|
|
163 | (6) |
|
Public-Opinion Surveys Are Accurate If Done Properly |
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side: Confidence in Democratic Institutions |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
Why Are Some Polls Wrong? |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
Public Opinion: What Do We Want? |
|
|
169 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Who Expresses Their Political Opinions? |
|
|
171 | (3) |
|
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (28) |
|
Media Have Always Mattered in a Democracy |
|
|
179 | (3) |
|
Journalists Are News-Gathering Professionals |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
The Profit Motive Drives the News Business |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
More Media Outlets Are Owned by Fewer Companies |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
|
|
182 | (9) |
|
Newspapers Still Set the Standard for News Reporting |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Broadcast Media Are Still Popular |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Radio Has Adapted to Modern Habits |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Digital Media Have Transformed Media Habits |
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
Citizen Journalism Gives People News Power |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Concerns about Online News |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
The Media Affect Power Relations in American Politics |
|
|
191 | (6) |
|
The Media Influence Public Opinion through Agenda-Setting, Framing, and Priming |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
Leaked Information Can Come from Government Officials or Independent Sources |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Adversarial Journalism Has Risen in Recent Years |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Broadcast Media Are Regulated but Not Print Media |
|
|
194 | (13) |
|
America Side By Side: The Internet and Global Democracy |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
The Media: What Do We Want? |
|
|
197 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Civic Engagement in the Digital Age |
|
|
199 | (3) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
7 Political Parties, Participation, and Elections |
|
|
204 | (42) |
|
Parties and Elections Have Been Vital to American Politics and Government |
|
|
207 | (3) |
|
Political Parties Arose from the Electoral Process |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Parties Recruit Candidates |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Parties Organize Nominations |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Parties Help Get Out the Vote |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Parties Organize Power in Congress |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
America Is One of the Few Nations with a Two-Party System |
|
|
210 | (10) |
|
Parties Have Internal Disagreements |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Electoral Realignments Define Party Systems in American History |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
American Third Parties Sometimes Change the Major Parties and Election Outcomes |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
Group Affiliations Are Based on Voters' Psychological Ties to One of the Parties |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Political Participation Takes Both Traditional and Digital Forms |
|
|
220 | (7) |
|
Voting Is the Most Important Form of Traditional Participation |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Digital Political Participation Is Surging |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
Voter Turnout in America Is Low |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side: Voter Turnout in Comparison |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Voters Decide Based on Party, Issues, and Candidate |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
Party Loyalty Is Important |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Issues Can Shape an Election |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Candidate Characteristics Are More Important in the Media Age |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
The Electoral Process Has Many Levels and Rules |
|
|
229 | (3) |
|
The Electoral College Still Organizes Presidential Elections |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
The 2016 and 2018 Elections |
|
|
232 | (5) |
|
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Understanding the 2016 Results |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
The 2018 Election: A Blue Wave Meets a Red Wall |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
The 2018 Election and America's Future |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Money Is Critical to Campaigns |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
Campaign Funds Come from Direct Appeals, the Rich, PACs, and Parties |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
Political Parties, Elections, and Participation: What Do We Want? |
|
|
240 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Participated in the |
|
|
2016 | |
|
|
|
241 | (3) |
|
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
|
246 | (28) |
|
Interest Groups Form to Advocate for Different Interests |
|
|
249 | (5) |
|
What Interests Are Represented? |
|
|
250 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side: Civil Society around the World |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Some Interests Are Not Represented |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
Group Membership Has an Upper-Class Bias |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
The Organizational Components of Groups Include Money, Offices, and Members |
|
|
254 | (4) |
|
The Internet Has Changed the Way Interest Groups Foster Participation |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
The Number of Groups Has Increased in Recent Decades |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
The Expansion of Government Has Spurred the Growth of Groups |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Public Interest Groups Grew in the 1960s and '70s |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Interest Groups Use Different Strategies to Gain Influence |
|
|
259 | (8) |
|
Direct Lobbying Combines Education, Persuasion, and Pressure |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Cultivating Access Means Getting the Attention of Decision Makers |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Using the Courts (Litigation) Can Be Highly Effective |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Mobilizing Public Opinion Brings Wider Attention to an Issue |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Groups Often Use Electoral Politics |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Groups and Interests: What Do We Want? |
|
|
267 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? How Much Do Major Groups Spend? |
|
|
269 | (3) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
| Part III: Institutions |
|
|
|
|
274 | (40) |
|
Congress Represents the American People |
|
|
277 | (11) |
|
The House and Senate Offer Differences in Representation |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Representation Can Be Sociological or Agency |
|
|
278 | (3) |
|
The Electoral Connection Hinges on Incumbency |
|
|
281 | (5) |
|
Direct Patronage Means Bringing Home the Bacon |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
The Organization of Congress Is Shaped by Party |
|
|
288 | (5) |
|
Party Leadership in the House and the Senate Organizes Power |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
The Committee System Is the Core of Congress |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
The Staff System Is the Power behind the Power |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side: Women's Parliamentary Representation Worldwide |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Rules of Lawmaking Explain How a Bill Becomes a Law |
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
The First Step Is Committee Deliberation |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Debate Is Less Restricted in the Senate Than in the House |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Conference Committees Reconcile House and Senate Versions of Legislation |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
The President's Veto Controls the Flow of Legislation |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Several Factors Influence How Congress Decides |
|
|
297 | (6) |
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Interest Groups Influence Constituents and Congress |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Party Leaders Rely on Party Discipline |
|
|
299 | (4) |
|
Partisanship Has Thwarted the Ability of Congress to Decide |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Much Congressional Energy Goes to Tasks Other Than Lawmaking |
|
|
303 | (3) |
|
Congress Oversees How Legislation Is Implemented |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Special Senate Powers Include Advice and Consent |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Impeachment Is the Power to Remove Top Officials |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Congress: What Do We Want? |
|
|
306 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Elects Congress? |
|
|
307 | (3) |
|
|
|
310 | (3) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (32) |
|
Presidential Power Is Rooted in the Constitution |
|
|
317 | (10) |
|
Expressed Powers Come Directly from the Words of the Constitution |
|
|
318 | (5) |
|
Implied Powers Derive from Expressed Powers |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Delegated Powers Come from Congress |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Modern Presidents Have Claimed Inherent Powers |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side: Executive Branches in Comparison |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
Institutional Resources of Presidential Power Are Numerous |
|
|
327 | (4) |
|
The Cabinet Is Often Distant from the President |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
The White House Staff Constitutes the President's Eyes and Ears |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
The Executive Office of the President Is a Visible Sign of the Modern Strong Presidency |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
The Vice Presidency Has Become More Important since the 1970s |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
The First Spouse Has Become Important to Policy |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Party, Popular Mobilization, and Administration Make Presidents Stronger |
|
|
331 | (9) |
|
Going Public Means Trying to Whip Up the People |
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
The Administrative Strategy Increases Presidential Control |
|
|
334 | (5) |
|
Presidential Power Has Limits |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
The Presidency: What Do We Want? |
|
|
340 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Voted for Donald Trump In 2016? |
|
|
341 | (3) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (28) |
|
Bureaucracy Exists to Improve Efficiency |
|
|
349 | (7) |
|
Bureaucrats Fulfill Important Roles |
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
The Size of the Federal Service Has Actually Declined |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
The Executive Branch Is Organized Hierarchically |
|
|
352 | (3) |
|
Federal Bureaucracies Promote Welfare and Security |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Federal Bureaucracies Promote Public Well-Being |
|
|
356 | (7) |
|
America Side By Side: Bureaucracy in Comparison |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Federal Agencies Provide for National Security |
|
|
358 | (4) |
|
Federal Bureaucracies Help to Maintain a Strong National Economy |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Several Forces Control Bureaucracy |
|
|
363 | (4) |
|
The President as Chief Executive Can Direct Agencies |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
Congress Promotes Responsible Bureaucracy |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Can the Bureaucracy Be Reformed? |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Bureaucracy and Democracy: What Do We Want? |
|
|
367 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Waiting for a Veterans Affairs Health Care Appointment |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (32) |
|
The Legal System Settles Disputes |
|
|
377 | (4) |
|
Court Cases Proceed under Criminal and Civil Law |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Types of Courts Include Trial, Appellate, and Supreme |
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
The Federal Courts Hear a Small Percentage of All Cases |
|
|
381 | (4) |
|
The Lower Federal Courts Handle Most Cases |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
The Appellate Courts Hear 20 Percent of Lower-Court Cases |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court Is the Court of Final Appeal |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Judges Are Appointed by the President and Approved by the Senate |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
The Power of the Supreme Court Is Judicial Review |
|
|
385 | (5) |
|
Judicial Review Covers Acts of Congress |
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side: Term Limits for High Court Justices |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review Applies to Presidential Actions |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review Also Applies to State Actions |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Most Cases Reach the Supreme Court by Appeal |
|
|
390 | (7) |
|
The Solicitor General, Law Clerks, and Interest Groups Also Influence the Flow of Cases |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
The Supreme Court's Procedures Mean Cases May Take Months or Years |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
Supreme Court Decisions Are Influenced by Activism and Ideology |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
The Federal Courts: What Do We Want? |
|
|
400 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Influencing the Supreme Court? |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
| Part IV: Policy |
|
|
|
|
406 | (38) |
|
The Tools for Making Policy Are Techniques of Control |
|
|
409 | (7) |
|
Promotional Policies Get People to Do Things by Giving Them Rewards |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Regulatory Policies Are Rules Backed by Penalties |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Redistributive Policies Affect Broad Classes of People |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Social Policy and the Welfare System Buttress Equality |
|
|
416 | (7) |
|
The History of the Government Welfare System Dates Only to the 1930s |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
The Modern Welfare System Has Three Parts |
|
|
417 | (4) |
|
Welfare Reform Has Dominated the Welfare Agenda in Recent Years |
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
The Cycle of Poverty Can Be Broken by Education, Health, and Housing Policies |
|
|
423 | (9) |
|
Education Policies Provide Life Tools |
|
|
423 | (2) |
|
Health Policies Mean Fewer Sick Days |
|
|
425 | (6) |
|
America Side By Side: U.S. Healthcare: High Cost, Poor Outcomes |
|
|
427 | (4) |
|
Housing Policies Provide Residential Stability |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Social Policy Spending Benefits the Middle Class More Than the Poor |
|
|
432 | (5) |
|
Senior Citizens Receive over a Third of All Federal Dollars |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
The Middle and Upper Classes Benefit from Social Policies |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
The Working Poor Receive Fewer Benefits |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Spending for the Nonworking Poor Is Declining |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Minorities, Women, and Children Are Most Likely to Face Poverty |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
Domestic Policy: What Do We Want? |
|
|
437 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Growing Student Debt Burden |
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | |
|
Foreign Policy Goals Are Related |
|
|
447 | (6) |
|
Security Is Based on Military Strength |
|
|
447 | (4) |
|
Economic Prosperity Helps All Nations |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
America Seeks a More Humane World |
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side: Building Influence through International Connections |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
American Foreign Policy Is Shaped by Government and Nongovernment Actors |
|
|
453 | (5) |
|
The President Leads Foreign Policy |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
The Bureaucracy Implements and Informs Policy Decisions |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Congress's Legal Authority Can Be Decisive |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Interest Groups Pressure Foreign Policy Decision Makers |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Tools of American Foreign Policy Include Diplomacy, Force, and Money |
|
|
458 | (6) |
|
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
The United Nations Is the World's Congress |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
The International Monetary Structure Helps Provide Economic Stability |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Economic Aid Has Two Sides |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Collective Security Is Designed to Deter War |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Military Force Is "Politics by Other Means" |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Soft Power Uses Persuasion |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Arbitration Resolves Disputes |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Current Foreign Policy Issues Facing the United States |
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
A Powerful China and a Resurgent Russia |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Nuclear Proliferation in Iran and North Korea |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Global Environmental Policy |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Foreign Policy and Democracy: What Do We Want? |
|
|
468 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Public Opinion on Security Issues |
|
|
469 | (3) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | |
| Appendix |
|
|
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
A1 | |
|
The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
A5 | |
|
The Constitution of the United States of America |
|
|
A11 | |
|
Amendments to the Constitution |
|
|
A21 | |
|
|
|
A30 | |
|
The Anti-Federalist Papers |
|
|
A38 | |
|
Presidents and Vice Presidents |
|
|
A45 | |
| Endnotes |
|
A49 | |
| Answer Key |
|
A81 | |
| Credits |
|
A83 | |
| Glossary/Index |
|
A85 | |
