| Preface |
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xix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxii | |
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1 American Political Culture |
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2 | (32) |
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5 | (4) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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Access to Government: The Expansion of Participation |
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8 | (1) |
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Influencing the Government through Participation: Politics |
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8 | (1) |
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Citizenship: Participation, Knowledge, and Efficacy |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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Immigration and American Diversity |
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12 | (1) |
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HOW TO Debate Respectfully |
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13 | (2) |
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WHO ARE AMERICANS? An Increasingly Diverse Nation |
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15 | (3) |
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Twenty-First-Century Americans |
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16 | (2) |
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AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Forms of Government |
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18 | (3) |
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American Political Culture |
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21 | (5) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (2) |
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What Americans Think about Government |
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26 | (1) |
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WHO Participates? Can Young People Make a Difference in Politics? |
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27 | (3) |
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Conservative in Theory, Liberal in Practice |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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American Political Culture: What Do You Think? |
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30 | (4) |
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31 | (3) |
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2 The Founding and the Constitution |
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34 | (34) |
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The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts |
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37 | (3) |
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British Taxes and Colonial Interests |
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37 | (1) |
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Political Strife and the Radicalization of the Colonists |
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38 | (1) |
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The Declaration of Independence |
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39 | (1) |
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The Articles of Confederation |
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40 | (1) |
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The Second Founding: From Compromise to Constitution |
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40 | (5) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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The Constitutional Convention |
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42 | (3) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Benefits from the Great Compromise? 1789 and Today |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (7) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Amending and Ratifying the Constitution |
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50 | (1) |
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Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power |
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50 | (3) |
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The Fight for Ratification |
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53 | (2) |
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Federalists versus Antifederalists |
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54 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Democratic Systems |
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55 | (2) |
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Reflections on the Founding |
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57 | (1) |
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The Citizen's Role and the Changing Constitution |
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57 | (2) |
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Amendments: Many Are Called; Few Are Chosen |
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58 | (1) |
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Who Participates? Who Gained the Right to Vote through Amendments? |
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59 | (4) |
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Which Were Chosen? An Analysis of the 27 |
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60 | (2) |
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The Supreme Court and Constitutional Change |
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62 | (1) |
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The Constitution: What Do You Think? |
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63 | (5) |
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64 | (4) |
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68 | (30) |
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Federalism in the Constitution |
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71 | (4) |
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The Powers of the National Government |
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71 | (2) |
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The Powers of State Government |
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73 | (1) |
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States' Obligations to One Another |
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73 | (2) |
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Who Participates? Who Participates in Local Elections Compared SB to National Elections? |
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75 | (1) |
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Local Government and the Constitution |
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76 | (1) |
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National and State Power over Time |
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76 | (1) |
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How to Make Your Voice Heard at a Local Meeting |
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77 | (7) |
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Restraining National Power with Dual Federalism |
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78 | (1) |
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The Slow Growth of the National Government's Power |
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79 | (2) |
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The New Deal: New Roles for Government |
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81 | (1) |
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From Layer Cake to Marble Cake: Cooperative Federalism and the Use of Categorical Grants |
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81 | (2) |
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Regulated Federalism and the Rise of National Standards |
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83 | (1) |
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The Politics of Federalism Today |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Federal and Unitary Systems |
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85 | (6) |
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86 | (3) |
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Federal-State Tensions in Three Issue Areas |
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89 | (2) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Benefits from Federal Spending? |
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91 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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Political Ramifications of Federalism |
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92 | (1) |
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Federalism: What Do You Think? |
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93 | (5) |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (40) |
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Civil Liberties and the Constitution |
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101 | (5) |
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A Brief History of the Bill of Rights |
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101 | (1) |
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Nationalizing the Bill of Rights |
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102 | (4) |
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The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion |
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106 | (3) |
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Separation between Church and State |
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106 | (2) |
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Free Exercise of Religion |
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108 | (1) |
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The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and of the Press |
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109 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Global Freedom of the Press |
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111 | (8) |
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Fighting Words and Hate Speech |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Symbolic Speech, Speech Plus, and the Rights of Assembly and Petition |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms |
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119 | (2) |
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Who Are Americans? The Right to Bear Arms |
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121 | (1) |
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Rights of the Criminally Accused |
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122 | (6) |
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The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (2) |
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The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel |
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126 | (1) |
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The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Who Participates? Abortion and the Right to Privacy |
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131 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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Civil Liberties: What Do You Think? |
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133 | (5) |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (42) |
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The Struggle for Civil Rights |
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141 | (17) |
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Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement |
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141 | (1) |
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The Women's Rights Movement |
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142 | (1) |
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The Civil War Amendments to the Constitution |
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143 | (1) |
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Civil Rights and the Supreme Court: "Separate but Equal" |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Litigating for Equality after World War II |
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146 | (1) |
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Civil Rights after Brown v. Board of Education |
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147 | (3) |
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150 | (8) |
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158 | (1) |
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Levels of Scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause |
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158 | (1) |
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Who Participates? Have Women Achieved Equal Rights? |
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159 | (5) |
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Women and Gender Discrimination |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Global Economic Gender Equality |
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164 | (5) |
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168 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Are America's Immigrants? |
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169 | (4) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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The Supreme Court and the Burden of Proof |
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174 | (2) |
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Civil Rights: What Do You Think? |
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176 | (4) |
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177 | (3) |
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180 | (46) |
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183 | (6) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (4) |
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How We Form Political Opinions |
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189 | (4) |
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189 | (2) |
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Social Groups and Public Opinion |
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191 | (2) |
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Who Participates? Who Talks about Politics? |
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193 | (6) |
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198 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Confidence in Democratic Institutions |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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Political Knowledge and Changes in Public Opinion |
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201 | (6) |
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Stability and Change of Public Opinion |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (3) |
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Public Opinion and Government Policy |
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207 | (2) |
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Government Responsiveness to Public Opinion |
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207 | (1) |
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Does Everyone's Opinion Count Equally? |
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208 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? What Shapes Public Opinion on Income Inequality? |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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Measuring Public Opinion from Surveys |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (9) |
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216 | (3) |
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Big Data, Polling Aggregators, and Measuring Public Opinion |
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219 | (2) |
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Public Opinion and Democracy: What Do You Think? |
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221 | (5) |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (38) |
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The Media in American Democracy |
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229 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Internet Freedom |
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230 | (4) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (13) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (4) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Concerns about Online News |
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246 | (1) |
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HOW TO Evaluate a News Source |
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247 | (3) |
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Do Americans Trust the Media Today? |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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How the Media Influence Politics |
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250 | (1) |
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Who Participates? Who Sees Fake News and Who Does Something about It? |
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251 | (2) |
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Who Are Americans? Where Do Americans Get Their News? |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (2) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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The Media and Democracy: What Do You Think? |
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259 | (5) |
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261 | (3) |
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8 Political Participation and Voting |
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264 | (40) |
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Forms of Political Participation |
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267 | (8) |
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267 | (1) |
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Political Participation in Elections |
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268 | (3) |
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Participation in the Historic 2018 Midterms |
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271 | (2) |
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Online Political Participation |
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273 | (2) |
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America Side By Side Voter Turnout in Comparison |
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275 | (4) |
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The Dark Side of Digital Politics: Russian Interference and Voter Suppression |
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277 | (1) |
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Summing Up Digital Participation |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (4) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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Who Participates? Who Votes for President? |
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283 | (6) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (2) |
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Political Environment and Voter Mobilization |
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289 | (3) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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State Electoral Laws and Participation |
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292 | (2) |
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Registration Requirements |
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292 | (1) |
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Voter Identification Requirements |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (3) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? Which States Make Voting Easier? |
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297 | (1) |
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Political Participation: What Do You Think? |
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298 | (6) |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (40) |
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What Are Political Parties? |
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307 | (3) |
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How Do Political Parties Form and Change? |
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308 | (1) |
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The United States' Two-Party System |
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309 | (1) |
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What Political Parties Do |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (3) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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General Election and Mobilizing Voters |
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312 | (1) |
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Who Participates? Who Votes in Primaries and Caucuses? |
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313 | (4) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Congressional, State, and Local Campaign Committees |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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Factions within the Parties |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Comparing Party Systems |
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321 | (9) |
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Who Are Republicans and Democrats? |
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323 | (4) |
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Party Polarization in Society |
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327 | (2) |
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Party Polarization in Congress |
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329 | (1) |
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Social Group Identities and Political Divides |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
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The First Party System: Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans |
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332 | (1) |
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The Second Party System: Democrats and Whigs |
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332 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Identifies with Which Party? |
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333 | (7) |
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The Civil War Party System |
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334 | (1) |
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The System of 1896: Populism and Republican Responses |
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334 | (1) |
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The New Deal Party System: Government Helps the Working Class |
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335 | (1) |
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The Contemporary American Party System |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (3) |
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Political Parties: What Do You Think? |
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340 | (4) |
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341 | (3) |
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10 Campaigns and Elections |
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344 | (50) |
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347 | (9) |
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The Basic Rules of the Game for U.S. Elections |
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347 | (1) |
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What It Takes to Win--Winner Take All |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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Legislative Elections and Electoral Districts |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (4) |
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AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Selecting an Executive |
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356 | (4) |
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Direct-Democracy Elections |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (3) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (2) |
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Who Participates? Who Participates in Political Campaigns and Elections? |
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363 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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HOW TO Volunteer on a Campaign |
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365 | (4) |
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369 | (4) |
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Why Is Campaign Spending So High in the United States? |
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369 | (2) |
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Sources of Campaign Funds |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (2) |
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373 | (1) |
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Issues and Policy Preferences |
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373 | (1) |
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Candidate Characteristics |
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374 | (1) |
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The 2020 Elections: A Tale of Three Crises |
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375 | (10) |
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The Backdrop: Polarization |
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376 | (3) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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Analyzing the 2020 Elections |
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384 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Runs for Office? |
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385 | (4) |
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Conclusion: The 2020 Election and America's Future |
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388 | (1) |
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Campaigns and Elections: What Do You Think? |
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389 | (5) |
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390 | (4) |
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394 | (34) |
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397 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Global Interest Group Membership |
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398 | (5) |
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399 | (3) |
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Why Are Interest Groups So Common in the United States? |
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402 | (1) |
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HOW TO Start an Advocacy Group |
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403 | (1) |
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Why Do Interest Groups Form? |
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404 | (4) |
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What Interests Are Not Represented? |
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406 | (2) |
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What Do Interest Groups Do? |
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408 | (7) |
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409 | (4) |
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413 | (1) |
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Influencing Electoral Politics |
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414 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Is Represented by PACs? |
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415 | (4) |
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Mobilizing Public Opinion and Political Activity |
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417 | (2) |
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How Influential Are Interest Groups? |
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419 | (4) |
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Factors in Interest Group Effectiveness |
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420 | (1) |
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Measuring Interest Group Influence |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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Who Participates? How Much Do Major Groups Spend? |
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423 | (1) |
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Interest Groups: What Do You Think? |
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424 | (4) |
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425 | (3) |
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428 | (44) |
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Congress: Representing the American People |
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431 | (4) |
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House and Senate: Differences in Representation |
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431 | (1) |
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Trustee versus Delegate Representation |
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432 | (1) |
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Descriptive versus Substantive Representation |
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432 | (3) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Are the Members of Congress? |
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435 | (2) |
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America Side By Side Women's Legislative Representation |
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437 | (4) |
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438 | (3) |
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Who Participates? Who Elects Congress? |
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441 | (3) |
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The Organization of Congress |
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444 | (6) |
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Party Leadership in the House |
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444 | (1) |
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Party Leadership in the Senate |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (1) |
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Informal Organization: The Caucuses |
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450 | (1) |
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Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law |
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450 | (9) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (2) |
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Conference Committee: Reconciling House and Senate Versions of Legislation |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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Is Regular Order Still Regular? The Rise of the New Order in Congress |
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454 | (1) |
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"Follow-the-Leader" Lawmaking |
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455 | (4) |
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Congressional Decision-Making |
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459 | (2) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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How To Contact Your Member of Congress |
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461 | (3) |
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When Congress Has Trouble Deciding |
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462 | (2) |
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Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers |
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464 | (3) |
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464 | (1) |
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Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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Congress: What Do You Think? |
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467 | (5) |
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468 | (4) |
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472 | (36) |
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The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency |
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475 | (10) |
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476 | (6) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Are America's Presidents? |
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485 | (2) |
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America Side By Side Comparing Executive Authority |
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487 | (2) |
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The Presidency as an Institution |
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489 | (4) |
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489 | (1) |
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|
|
490 | (1) |
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The Executive Office of the President |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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The Growth of Presidential Power |
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493 | (8) |
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493 | (3) |
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The Administrative Strategy |
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496 | (5) |
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Who Participates? Who Supports the President's Agenda? |
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501 | (3) |
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The Limits of Presidential Power: Checks and Balances |
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502 | (2) |
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Presidential Power: What Do You Think? |
|
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504 | (4) |
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505 | (3) |
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508 | (34) |
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What Is the Federal Bureaucracy? |
|
|
511 | (4) |
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511 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? What Do People Think of Federal Agencies? |
|
|
515 | (4) |
|
How the Bureaucracy Is Organized |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
A America Side By Side Bureaucracy in Comparison |
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519 | (2) |
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521 | (2) |
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Who Are Americans? Who Are Bureaucrats? |
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523 | (4) |
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527 | (4) |
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The President as Chief Executive |
|
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528 | (2) |
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530 | (1) |
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HOW TO Apply for a Federal Job |
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531 | (6) |
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Presidential-Congressional Struggle for Bureaucratic Control: A Case Study |
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534 | (1) |
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535 | (1) |
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535 | (1) |
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536 | (1) |
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The Difficulties of Bureaucratic Control |
|
|
536 | (1) |
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Bureaucracy: What Do You Think? |
|
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537 | (5) |
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538 | (4) |
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542 | (38) |
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545 | (4) |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (3) |
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549 | (4) |
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550 | (1) |
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551 | (1) |
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551 | (1) |
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552 | (1) |
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Who Participates? Comparing How States Select Judges |
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
The Power of the Supreme Court: Judicial Review |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
Judicial Review of Acts of Congress |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review of State Actions |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Who Are Americans? Who Are Federal Judges? |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Courts in Comparison |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
Judicial Review of Federal Agency Actions |
|
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560 | (1) |
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Judicial Review and Presidential Power |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court in Action |
|
|
561 | (8) |
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561 | (2) |
|
Beyond the Judges: Key Players in the Federal Court Processes |
|
|
563 | (2) |
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Lobbying for Access: Interests and the Court |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court's Procedures |
|
|
565 | (4) |
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Explaining Supreme Court Decisions |
|
|
569 | (5) |
|
Influences on Supreme Court Decision-Making |
|
|
569 | (3) |
|
Judicial Power and Politics |
|
|
572 | (2) |
|
The Federal Judiciary: What Do You Think? |
|
|
574 | (6) |
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576 | (4) |
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|
580 | (38) |
|
The Goals of Economic Policy |
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|
583 | (7) |
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|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Promoting Economic Prosperity |
|
|
584 | (3) |
|
Promoting Business Development |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Protecting Employees and Consumers |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
The Tools of Economic Policy |
|
|
590 | (2) |
|
|
|
590 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Global Tax Rates |
|
|
592 | (9) |
|
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
Regulation and Antitrust Policy |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
The Politics of Economic Policy Making |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
How Much Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
Who Participates? Who Participates in Economic Growth? |
|
|
603 | (2) |
|
Who Are Americans? Who Pays the Most in Taxes? |
|
|
605 | (9) |
|
Interest Groups and the Politics of Economic Policy |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
The Politics of Economic Policy--Case Study I: The Great Recession of 2008 |
|
|
607 | (2) |
|
The Politics of Economic Policy--Case Study II: The Coronavirus Pandemic |
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
The Politics of Economic Policy--Case Study III: The Environment |
|
|
611 | (3) |
|
Economic Policy: What Do You Think? |
|
|
614 | (4) |
|
|
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615 | (3) |
|
|
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618 | (38) |
|
|
|
621 | (11) |
|
The History of the Social Welfare System |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Foundations of the Welfare State |
|
|
622 | (4) |
|
How Do We Pay for the Welfare State? |
|
|
626 | (6) |
|
|
|
632 | (6) |
|
|
|
633 | (3) |
|
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Global Health Care |
|
|
638 | (5) |
|
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
Who Gets What from Social Policy? |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
The Middle and Upper Classes |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
Who Are Americans? Who Filed Unemployment Claims during the Pandemic? |
|
|
645 | (4) |
|
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Minorities, Women, and Children |
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
The Policy-Making Process |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Who Participates? Who Receives Benefits from Social Programs? |
|
|
649 | (2) |
|
Social Policy: What Do You Think? |
|
|
651 | (5) |
|
|
|
653 | (3) |
|
|
|
656 | (3) |
|
The Goals of Foreign Policy |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (3) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Who Makes American Foreign Policy? |
|
|
664 | (2) |
|
The President and the Executive Branch |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
America Side By Side Foreign Aid in Comparison |
|
|
666 | (10) |
|
|
|
672 | (2) |
|
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
The Instruments of Modern American Foreign Policy |
|
|
676 | (5) |
|
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
The International Monetary Structure |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Economic Aid and Sanctions |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Current Foreign Policy Issues Facing the United States |
|
|
681 | (2) |
|
A Powerful China and a Resurgent Russia |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Who Participates? Who Serves in the U.S. Military? |
|
|
683 | (2) |
|
Nuclear Proliferation in Iran and North Korea |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Who Are Americans? Who Benefits from International Trade? |
|
|
685 | (3) |
|
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Global Environmental Policy |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Foreign Policy: What Do You Think? |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
|
689 | |
|
|
|
|
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
5 | (4) |
|
The Constitution of the United States of America |
|
|
9 | (6) |
|
Amendments to the Constitution |
|
|
15 | (6) |
|
|
|
21 | (6) |
|
The Anti-Federalist Papers |
|
|
27 | (6) |
|
Presidents and Vice Presidents |
|
|
33 | (2) |
| Endnotes |
|
35 | (42) |
| Answer Key |
|
77 | (2) |
| Credits |
|
79 | (6) |
| Glossary/Index |
|
85 | |
