| Preface |
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xxiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxix | |
| About the Authors |
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xxxv | |
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1 Americans and Their Political Values |
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2 | (28) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Different Forms of Government |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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Democracy in the United States |
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8 | (1) |
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Participation in Government Is How People Have a Say in What Happens |
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8 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Forms of Government |
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9 | (2) |
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Citizenship Is Based on Participation, Knowledge, and Efficacy |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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Immigration Has Changed American Identity |
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13 | (1) |
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Who Are Americans in the Twenty-First Century? |
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14 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? An Increasingly Diverse Nation |
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15 | (5) |
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Liberty, Equality, and Justice Are American Political Values |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Equality Means Treating People Fairly |
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21 | (2) |
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Justice Is an Unfinished Project |
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23 | (1) |
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HOW TO Debate Respectfully |
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24 | (3) |
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What Americans Think about Government |
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27 | (1) |
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Trust in Government Has Declined |
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27 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? Americans and Their Political Values |
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29 | (1) |
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2 The Founding and the Constitution |
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30 | (34) |
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The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts |
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33 | (1) |
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Native Nations and Colonial Life |
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33 | (1) |
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British Taxes and Colonial Interests |
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34 | (1) |
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Political Strife Radicalized the Colonists |
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34 | (1) |
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Enslaved Africans and the Colonial Economy |
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35 | (1) |
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The Declaration of Independence Explained Why the Colonists Wanted to Break with Great Britain |
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36 | (1) |
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The European Enlightenment Influenced the Founders |
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37 | (1) |
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The Articles of Confederation Created America's First National Government |
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38 | (1) |
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The Failure of the Articles of Confederation Made the "Second Founding" Necessary |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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The Constitutional Convention and the Great Compromise |
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41 | (1) |
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The Constitution and Slavery |
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42 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? Who Were the Framers of the Constitution? |
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43 | (4) |
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The Constitution Created Both Bold Powers and Sharp Limits on Power |
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47 | (2) |
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The Legislative Branch Was Designed to Be the Most Powerful |
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49 | (1) |
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The Executive Branch Created a Brand-New Office |
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50 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Democratic Systems |
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51 | (1) |
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The Judicial Branch Was a Check on Too Much Democracy |
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52 | (1) |
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National Unity and Power Set the New Constitution Apart from the Old Articles |
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52 | (1) |
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The Constitution Establishes the Process for Amendment and Ratification |
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53 | (3) |
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Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power |
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56 | (3) |
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Ratification of the Constitution Was Difficult |
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59 | (1) |
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Federalists and Antifederalists Fought Bitterly over the Wisdom of the New Constitution |
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59 | (2) |
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Compromise Contributed to the Success of the New System |
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61 | (1) |
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What Do You Think? The Constitution |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (28) |
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Federalism Is Established by the Constitution |
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67 | (1) |
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Political Ramifications of Federalism |
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68 | (1) |
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The Powers of the National Government |
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69 | (1) |
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The Powers of State Government |
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69 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Federal and Unitary Countries |
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70 | (2) |
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States' Obligations to One Another |
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72 | (1) |
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Local Government and the Constitution |
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73 | (1) |
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HOW TO Make Your Voice Heard at a Local Meeting |
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74 | (2) |
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National and State Powers Have Shifted over Time |
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76 | (1) |
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Restraining National Power with Dual Federalism |
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76 | (1) |
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How the Supreme Court Responded to Demands for a Larger Federal Role |
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77 | (2) |
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The New Deal: New Roles for Government |
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79 | (1) |
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Cooperative Federalism and the Use of Categorical Grants |
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79 | (2) |
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Regulated Federalism and the Rise of National Standards |
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81 | (2) |
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Federalism Today Is as Important as Ever |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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State Control over National Policies |
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84 | (2) |
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Federal-State Tensions in Two Issue Areas |
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86 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? Who Benefits from Federal Spending? |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? Federalism |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (32) |
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The Bill of Rights Originated with Opponents of the Constitution |
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95 | (1) |
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The Fourteenth Amendment Nationalized the Bill of Rights through Incorporation |
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96 | (4) |
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The First Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Religion |
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100 | (1) |
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Separation between Church and State |
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100 | (1) |
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Free Exercise of Religion |
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101 | (2) |
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The First Amendment's Freedom of Speech and of the Press Ensure the Free Exchange of Ideas |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Fighting Words and Hate Speech |
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104 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Civil Liberties in Global Perspective |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Symbolic Speech, Speech Plus, and the Rights of Assembly and Petition |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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The Second Amendment Protects the Right to Bear Arms |
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110 | (3) |
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Rights of the Criminally Accused Are Based on Due Process of Law |
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113 | (1) |
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The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel |
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116 | (1) |
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The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
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117 | (2) |
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The Right to Privacy Means the Right to Be Left Alone |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? Abortion Rights after Dobbs |
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121 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? Civil Liberties |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (36) |
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What Are Civil Rights, and How Are They Achieved? |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Strategies Used by Social Movements |
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128 | (3) |
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The Civil Rights Movement, 1600s--1960s |
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131 | (1) |
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Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement |
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131 | (1) |
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The Civil War Amendments and Their Aftermath |
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132 | (2) |
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Organizing against Racial Violence |
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134 | (1) |
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The Fight for Education Equality and the Weakening of Jim Crow |
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134 | (2) |
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The Civil Rights Movement after Brown |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (5) |
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Civil Rights Have Been Extended to Other Groups |
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142 | (1) |
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The Women's Rights Movement |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Global Economic Gender Equality |
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145 | (2) |
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Who are Americans? Who Are America's Immigrants? |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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Arab, Middle Eastern, and Muslim Americans |
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155 | (1) |
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The Criminal Justice System |
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156 | (1) |
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The Racial Justice Movement |
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156 | (3) |
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What Do You Think? Civil Rights |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (30) |
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Public Opinion Is Defined by Basic Values and Beliefs |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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Who are Americans? Who are Conservatives? Who are Liberals? |
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167 | (3) |
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How We Form Political Opinions |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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Social Groups and Public Opinion |
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172 | (4) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Comparative Trust in Government |
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177 | (2) |
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Public Opinion Can Shape Government Policy |
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179 | (1) |
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Government Responsiveness to Public Opinion |
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180 | (1) |
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Does Everyone's Opinion Count Equally? |
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181 | (1) |
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Measuring Public Opinion Is Crucial to Understanding It |
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182 | (1) |
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Measuring Public Opinion from Surveys |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (3) |
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What Do You Think? Public Opinion |
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189 | (1) |
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7 The Media and Political Information |
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190 | (32) |
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The Media Are Indispensable to American Democracy |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (2) |
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America Side By Side Global Freedom of the Press |
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199 | (2) |
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How the Media Shape News and Information |
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201 | (3) |
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There Are Many Sources of Political News |
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204 | (1) |
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Sources of Political News |
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204 | (1) |
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How the News Is Delivered |
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205 | (5) |
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The Rise of Media Technology Companies |
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210 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? How Do Americans Get Their Political News? |
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211 | (2) |
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The Quality of Political News |
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213 | (1) |
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What Americans Think of the Media |
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214 | (1) |
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Polarized Information Environments and Media Bias |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (2) |
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HOW TO Evaluate a News Source |
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218 | (1) |
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Government Regulation of the Media |
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219 | (1) |
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Effects on Knowledge and Tolerance |
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219 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? The Media |
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221 | (1) |
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8 Political Parties and Interest Groups |
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222 | (40) |
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What Are Political Parties? |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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How Political Parties Form and Change |
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227 | (5) |
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Party Polarization of Congress |
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232 | (2) |
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Parties in Elections and Government |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Party Rules and Organizations Define How Parties Operate |
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234 | (1) |
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Parties Seek to Control Government |
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235 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Comparing Party Systems |
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236 | (2) |
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Party Identification and Polarization Guide Voters |
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238 | (1) |
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Party Identification Today |
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239 | (1) |
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Who Are Republicans and Democrats? |
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240 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? Who Identifies with Which Party? |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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There Are Many Types of Interest Groups |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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Why Do Interest Groups Form? |
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248 | (2) |
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HOW TO Start an Advocacy Group |
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250 | (2) |
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What Interests Are Not Represented? |
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252 | (1) |
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What Do Interest Groups Do? |
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253 | (1) |
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Interest Groups Influence Congress through Lobbying |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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How Influential Are Interest Groups? |
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258 | (1) |
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Measuring Interest Group Influence |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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What Do You Think? Political Parties and Interest Groups |
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260 | (2) |
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9 Participation, Campaigns, and Elections |
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262 | (40) |
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Who Participates and How? |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Political Participation in Elections |
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266 | (2) |
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Online Political Participation |
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268 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Voter Turnout in Comparison |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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State Electoral Laws Regulate Most Voting |
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273 | (3) |
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Registration Requirements |
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276 | (1) |
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Voter Identification Requirements |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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HOW TO Register... and Vote |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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Campaign Consultants and Volunteers |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (5) |
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Who are Americans? Are Presidential Battleground States Representative of the Country? |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Issues and Policy Preferences |
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291 | (1) |
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Candidate Characteristics |
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292 | (1) |
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The 2022 National Elections: A Contest between Two Candidates Not on the Ballot? |
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292 | (1) |
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The Backdrop: A Divided Nation |
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293 | (3) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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The 2022 Elections and the Future of American Politics |
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299 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? Participation, Campaigns, and Elections |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (40) |
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Congress Represents the American People |
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305 | (1) |
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House and Senate: Differences in Representation |
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305 | (1) |
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Trustee versus Delegate Representation |
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306 | (1) |
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Descriptive versus Substantive Representation |
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307 | (2) |
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Who are Americans? Who Are the Members of Congress? |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (2) |
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America Side By Side Women's Legislative Representation |
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313 | (3) |
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HOW TO Contact Your Member of Congress |
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316 | (2) |
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Congressional Organization Determines Power |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (5) |
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330 | (3) |
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Who Influences Congressional Decision-Making? |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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When Congress Has Trouble Deciding |
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336 | (2) |
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Congress Does More Than Make Laws |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? Congress |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (30) |
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Presidential Power Is Rooted in the Constitution |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (6) |
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352 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Comparative Constitutional Executive Authority |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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Presidents Claim Many Institutional Powers |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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The Executive Office of the President |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? Who Are America's Presidents? |
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361 | (2) |
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Presidential Power Grew in the Twentieth Century |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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The Administrative Strategy |
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365 | (4) |
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The Limits of Presidential Power: Checks and Balances |
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369 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? The Presidency |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (30) |
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What Is the Federal Bureaucracy? |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (4) |
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How the Bureaucracy Is Organized |
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379 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Bureaucracy in Comparison |
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380 | (4) |
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HOW TO Apply for a Federal Job |
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384 | (3) |
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Who are Americans? Who Are Bureaucrats? |
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387 | (1) |
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Who Are Federal Bureaucrats? |
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388 | (1) |
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Populating the Bureaucracy |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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The President as Chief Executive |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (2) |
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Presidential-Congressional Struggle for Bureaucratic Control: A Case Study |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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The Difficulties of Bureaucratic Control |
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399 | (2) |
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What Do You Think? The Bureaucracy |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (36) |
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The Legal System Settles Disputes |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (5) |
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Federal Courts Hear a Small Percentage of All Cases |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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Traditional Limitations on the Federal Courts |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (3) |
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Democracy and Supreme Court Appointments |
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417 | (1) |
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The Power of the Supreme Court Is Judicial Review |
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418 | (1) |
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Who are Americans? Who Are Federal Judges? |
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419 | (1) |
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Judicial Review of Acts of Congress |
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420 | (1) |
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Judicial Review of State Actions |
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420 | (2) |
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Judicial Review of Federal Agency Actions |
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422 | (1) |
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Judicial Review and Presidential Power |
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422 | (1) |
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America Side By Side Courts in Comparison |
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423 | (1) |
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Most Cases Reach the Supreme Court by Appeal |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (3) |
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Beyond the Judges: Key Players in the Federal Court Process |
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427 | (1) |
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Lobbying for Access: Interests and the Court |
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427 | (1) |
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The Supreme Court's Procedures |
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428 | (4) |
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Supreme Court Decisions Are Influenced by Activism and Ideology |
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432 | (1) |
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Influences on Supreme Court Decision-Making |
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432 | (5) |
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What Do You Think? The Federal Courts |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (34) |
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The Government Shapes Economic Policy with Three Tools |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (3) |
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America Side By Side Global Tax Rates |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (2) |
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Regulation and Antitrust Policy |
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447 | (2) |
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Economic Policy Is Inherently Political |
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449 | (1) |
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How Much Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? |
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449 | (2) |
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Who are Americans? Who Pays the Most in Taxes? |
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451 | (2) |
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The Welfare State Was Created to Address Insecurity |
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453 | (1) |
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Foundations of the Welfare State |
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454 | (4) |
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Social Policies Open Opportunity |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (4) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Who Gets What from Social Policy? |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
The Middle and Upper Classes |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, and Children |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
What Do You Think? Domestic Policy |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
The Goals of Foreign Policy |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (5) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Promoting U.S. Ideals Overseas |
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
American Foreign Policy Is Shaped by Government and Nongovernment Actors |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
The President and the Executive Branch |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Foreign Aid in Comparison |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Tools of American Foreign Policy: Diplomacy, Money, and Force |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
The International Monetary Structure |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Economic Aid and Sanctions |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Daunting Foreign Policy Issues Face the United States |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
A Powerful China and a Resurgent Russia |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Nuclear Proliferation in Iran and North Korea |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Global Environmental Policy |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Who are Americans? Who Benefits from International Trade? |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
What Do You Think? Foreign Policy |
|
|
503 | |
|
|
|
|
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
5 | (6) |
|
The Constitution of the United States of America |
|
|
11 | (10) |
|
Amendments to the Constitution |
|
|
21 | (10) |
|
|
|
31 | (8) |
|
The Anti-Federalist Papers |
|
|
39 | (6) |
|
Presidents and Vice Presidents |
|
|
45 | (4) |
| Endnotes |
|
49 | (40) |
| Credits |
|
89 | (4) |
| Glossary/Index |
|
93 | |
