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E-grāmata: We, the Robots?: Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Law

4.09/5 (23 ratings by Goodreads)
(National University of Singapore)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Aug-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009051590
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Aug-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009051590

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Should we regulate artificial intelligence? Can we? From self-driving cars and high-speed trading to algorithmic decision-making, the way we live, work, and play is increasingly dependent on AI systems that operate with diminishing human intervention. These fast, autonomous, and opaque machines offer great benefits – and pose significant risks. This book examines how our laws are dealing with AI, as well as what additional rules and institutions are needed – including the role that AI might play in regulating itself. Drawing on diverse technologies and examples from around the world, the book offers lessons on how to manage risk, draw red lines, and preserve the legitimacy of public authority. Though the prospect of AI pushing beyond the limits of the law may seem remote, these measures are useful now – and will be essential if it ever does.

Should we regulate artificial intelligence? Can we? From self-driving cars and high-speed trading to algorithmic decision-making, the way we live, work, and play is increasingly dependent on AI systems. This book examines how our laws are dealing with AI, as well as what additional rules and institutions are needed.

Recenzijas

'Current debates and institutional initiatives on how the law should govern technological innovation, such as AI and robotics, should not overlook limits and constraints of such regulatory legal efforts. We, the Robots? provides an insightful analysis both ways a reference book in the field of the law and AI.' Ugo Pagallo, University of Turin 'Professor Chesterman's We, the Robots? is a hugely important addition to the growing body of literature on the regulation of AI. Drawing on the author's rich knowledge of international institutions, the book offers many novel observations on the challenges of AI and how they can be addressed. The chapter on Regulation by AI is particularly impressive in its combination of ground-breaking legal theory and technical insight. The writing throughout is erudite, clear, and methodical. This is a book which deserves to be widely read.' Jacob Turner, author of Robot Rules: Regulating Artificial Intelligence 'An accessible introduction to some of the most important legal questions raised by artificial intelligence, and solutions implemented or explored across a broad range of jurisdictions. The book explains how the speed, autonomy, and opacity of artificial intelligence systems combine to raise questions around responsibility, personality, and transparency, analysing proposals from technology-specific regulation to a new international agency, with a brief introduction to the (potential) role of such systems in legal interpretation, prediction, and decision-making.' Lyria Bennett Moses, Professor, UNSW Sydney 'Chesterman's We, the Robots? is a nuanced and thoughtful perspective on several important themes in the regulation of artificial intelligence. Chesterman compellingly synthesizes a wide range of global perspectives here, including proposals to shape AI via law, and the difficulties of replacing law itself with automated systems. Dialectically comparing the strengths of law and AI as systems of social coordination and control, We, the Robots? offers wise counsel to lawyers and policymakers on the regulation of algorithmic decision-making systems.' Frank Pasquale, author of New Laws of Robotics and Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School ' A surprisingly lively examination of AI regulation.' Sue Halpern, New York Review of Books 'Chesterman ... brings a sober but readable approach to a subject otherwise much given to speculation and fearmongering.' Peter Neville-Hadley, The South China Morning Post Magazine ' a comprehensive and engaging read for anyone interested in better understanding AI, its impact on our legal landscape, and some of the thorniest new issues confronting regulators today.' Xueyin Zha, The Interpreter 'One of the book's many virtues is the clarity with which it frames the challenges in question. There is a tendency, as Chesterman notes, to anthropomorphise 'intelligent' machines, attributing to them a degree of agency or even sentience that is not (yet) warranted. [ T]he book does a superb job of mapping and organising key issues in the regulation of AI. But it is more than a synthesising exercise. What Chesterman propounds is a typology of automated decisions, with different ethical and legal requirements applying to each category in the typology.' Australian Review of Books 'I would recommend this book without hesitation to policymakers dealing with AI. The book is wonderfully rich in content. The author has been able to weave together issues of law, ethical principles, philosophy, and pieces of history, to present a coherent and intriguing point of view. What I liked in addition was that the book included in its discussion, China's approach to AI regulation.' Darren Grayson Chng, Society for Computers and Law ' a most interesting, concise and precise work, worth reading by anyone interested in the regulation of AI and the limitations of the law in achieving that end. The book makes a very valuable contribution to scholarship in an area of increasing importance for legal regulation domestically and internationally.' Zhiqiong June Wang, Law in Context 'The questions that Chesterman raises are basic, important, and timely, and should be addressed in the nearest future by both researchers and practitioners.' Iana Kazeeva, Global Privacy Law Review ' the book is a masterful catalogue of practically every issue that has been raised in the past six years of law and technology scholarship.' John Zerrilli, Sydney Law Review 'Chesterman's regulatory road map is one worth following. Hopefully, human regulators agree, before the artificial regulators arrive.' Ryan Abbott, International and Comparative Law Quarterly

Papildus informācija

Explains how artificial intelligence is pushing the limits of the law and how we must respond.
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
Introduction 1(5)
Outline of the Book 6(4)
Precaution vs Innovation 10(3)
Part I Challenges 13(70)
1 Speed
15(16)
1.1 The Globalization of Information
18(3)
1.2 High-Frequency Trading
21(4)
1.3 Competition Law
25(3)
1.4 The Problem with Speed
28(3)
2 Autonomy
31(32)
2.1 Driverless Cars and the Management of Risk
33(11)
2.1.1 Civil Liability
36(2)
2.1.2 Criminal Law
38(3)
2.1.3 Ethics
41(3)
2.2 Killer Robots and the Morality of Outsourcing
44(9)
2.2.1 International Humanitarian Law
46(2)
2.2.2 Human-out-of-the-Loop?
48(3)
2.2.3 Lessons from Mercenaries
51(2)
2.3 Algorithmic Decision-Making and Legitimacy
53(7)
2.3.1 Contracts and Knowledge
55(2)
2.3.2 Automated Processing
57(3)
2.4 The Problem with Autonomy
60(3)
3 Opacity
63(20)
3.1 Inferior Decisions
67(2)
3.2 Impermissible Decisions
69(6)
3.2.1 How Bias Is Learned
70(4)
3.2.2 Unlearning Bias
74(1)
3.3 Illegitimate Decisions
75(6)
3.3.1 Public Decisions
76(3)
3.3.2 Courts
79(2)
3.4 The Problem with Opacity
81(2)
Part II Tools 83(88)
4 Responsibility
85(29)
4.1 Managing Risk
87(14)
4.1.1 Negligence
88(3)
4.1.2 Strict Liability
91(2)
4.1.3 Product Liability
93(4)
4.1.4 Insurance
97(4)
4.2 Non-delegable Duties
101(8)
4.2.1 Non-delegable Duties in the Common Law
101(2)
4.2.2 Command Responsibility
103(6)
4.2.3 The Buck Stops Here
109(1)
4.3 Inherently Governmental Functions and the Limits of Outsourcing
109(3)
4.4 The Limits of Responsibility
112(2)
5 Personality
114(30)
5.1 A Body to Kick?
116(10)
5.1.1 Theories of Juridical Personality
117(2)
5.1.2 The Content of Legal Personality
119(6)
a Private Law
120(3)
b Criminal Law
123(2)
5.1.3 No Soul to Be Damned
125(1)
5.2 Cogito, Ergo Sum?
126(12)
5.2.1 The Extension of Natural Personality
128(3)
5.2.2 Rewarding Creativity
131(4)
5.2.3 Protecting Inventors
135(3)
5.3 Constraining Superintelligence
138(3)
5.4 The Limits of Personality
141(3)
6 Transparency
144(27)
6.1 In Theory
146(5)
6.1.1 What?
147(1)
6.1.2 When?
148(1)
6.1.3 To Whom?
149(1)
6.1.4 At What Cost?
150(1)
6.2 In Practice
151(7)
6.2.1 Methods
151(3)
6.2.2 Tools
154(4)
a Algorithmic Impact Assessments
154(2)
b Algorithmic Audits
156(1)
c AI Ombudsperson
157(1)
6.3 In Law
158(8)
6.3.1 An EU Right to Explanation?
158(4)
6.3.2 Council of Europe Convention 108
162(1)
6.3.3 France
162(1)
6.3.4 United States
163(1)
6.3.5 Canada
164(1)
6.3.6 Other Jurisdictions
165(1)
6.4 The Limits of Transparency
166(5)
Part III Possibilities 171(72)
7 New Rules
173(22)
7.1 Why (Not) Regulate?
177(3)
7.2 When to Regulate
180(5)
7.2.1 The Precautionary Principle
182(2)
7.2.2 Masterly Inactivity
184(1)
7.3 How to Regulate
185(7)
7.3.1 Managed Risks
187(1)
7.3.2 Red Lines
188(2)
7.3.3 Process Legitimacy
190(2)
7.4 The Prospects for Rules
192(3)
8 New Institutions
195(29)
8.1 Industry Standards
198(5)
8.1.1 Common Language, Best Practice
200(2)
8.1.2 Perverse Incentives, Regulatory Capture
202(1)
8.2 Global Red Lines
203(14)
8.2.1 Structural Challenges
204(5)
a Norms
205(2)
b Attribution
207(1)
c Consequences
208(1)
8.2.2 An International Artificial Intelligence Agency?
209(8)
a Bargain
212(1)
b Authority
213(3)
c Structure
216(1)
8.3 State Responsibility
217(5)
8.3.1 Legislature
218(1)
8.3.2 Executive
218(1)
8.3.3 Judiciary
219(1)
8.3.4 An AI Ombudsperson?
220(2)
8.4 The Prospects for Institutions
222(2)
9 Regulation by AI?
224(19)
9.1 Automating the Law
227(7)
9.1.1 The Inner Illogic of the Law
230(2)
9.1.2 In Fact
232(2)
9.2 Law as Data
234(2)
9.3 Law as Code
236(4)
9.3.1 Regulation by Design
237(1)
9.3.2 Regulation by Debugging
238(2)
9.4 The Prospects for Regulation
240(3)
Conclusion: We, the Robots? 243(4)
Bibliography 247(33)
Index 280
Simon Chesterman is Dean and Provost's Chair Professor of the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law and Senior Director of AI Governance at AI Singapore. His work has opened up new areas of research on public authority including the rules and institutions of global governance, the changing functions of national security agencies, and the emerging role of artificial intelligence and big data.