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E-grāmata: Welding Engineer's Guide to Fracture and Fatigue

(Independent chartered engineer, Cambridge UK), (Welding & Structural Integrity Engineer, TWI Ltd., UK)
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Welding Engineer's Guide to Fracture and FatiguePalielināt
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The Welding Engineer’s Guide to Fracture and Fatigue provides an essential introduction to fracture and fatigue and the assessment of these failure modes, through to the level of knowledge that would be expected of a qualified welding engineer.

Part one covers the basic principles of weld fracture and fatigue. It begins with a review of the design of engineered structures, provides descriptions of typical welding defects and how these defects behave in structures undergoing static and cyclical loading, and explains the range of failure modes. Part two then explains how to detect and assess defects using fitness for service assessment procedures. Throughout, the book assumes no prior knowledge and explains concepts from first principles.

  • Covers the basic principles of weld fracture and fatigue.
  • Reviews the design of engineered structures, provides descriptions of typical welding defects and how these defects behave in structures undergoing static and cyclical loading, and explains the range of failure modes.
  • Explains how to detect and assess defects using fitness for service assessment procedures.

Papildus informācija

Provides an essential introduction to fracture and fatigue and the assessment of these failure modes, through to the level of knowledge that would be expected of a qualified welding engineer.
Woodhead Publishing Series in Welding and Other Joining Technologies xi
Preface xvii
Part One Principles of weld fracture and fatigue
1(110)
1 Designing engineered structures
3(8)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 The first engineered structures
3(2)
1.3 Successful structures
5(1)
1.4 Materials and fabrication methods
6(1)
1.5 Industrialisation: benefits and consequences
7(3)
1.6 Conclusions
10(1)
1.7 Sources of further information and advice
10(1)
2 Structures under load
11(12)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Sources of loading
11(2)
2.3 Types of loading
13(2)
2.4 Loads experienced during construction
15(1)
2.5 Design approach
16(1)
2.6 Axial and bending stresses
17(3)
2.7 Conclusions
20(1)
2.8 Sources of further information and advice
21(2)
3 Welding problems and defects
23(14)
3.1 Introduction
23(1)
3.2 'Workmanship' defects
24(3)
3.3 Weldability
27(1)
3.4 Fabrication cracking in welds
28(3)
3.5 Other types of weld defect
31(1)
3.6 Welding residual stresses
32(2)
3.7 Distortion
34(1)
3.8 Conclusions
35(1)
3.9 Sources of further information and advice
35(2)
4 Design for static loading
37(8)
4.1 Introduction
37(1)
4.2 Load---extension curves
37(1)
4.3 Stress---strain curves
38(3)
4.4 Static limit state design
41(1)
4.5 Conclusions
42(1)
4.6 Sources of further information and advice
43(2)
5 Brittle fracture and the behaviour of cracks in structures
45(20)
5.1 Introduction
45(1)
5.2 Nature of brittle fracture
45(1)
5.3 The three factors for brittle fracture
46(1)
5.4 Ductile-to-brittle transition
47(2)
5.5 Welding and fabrication codes
49(2)
5.6 Principles of fracture mechanics
51(9)
5.7 Fracture toughness parameters
60(2)
5.8 Conclusions
62(1)
5.9 Sources of further information and advice
62(3)
6 Structures under cyclic load
65(10)
6.1 Introduction
65(1)
6.2 Engineering perspective of fatigue
66(4)
6.3 Metallurgical perspective of fatigue
70(2)
6.4 Practical implications for a growing fatigue crack
72(1)
6.5 Conclusions
73(1)
6.6 Sources of further information and advice
73(2)
7 Fatigue of welded joints
75(20)
7.1 Introduction
75(1)
7.2 Fatigue performance of welded joints
75(2)
7.3 Special features of welded joints
77(6)
7.4 Fatigue design of welded joints
83(5)
7.5 Stress histories of real structures: variable amplitude loading
88(5)
7.6 Fatigue of welded aluminium
93(1)
7.7 Conclusions
93(1)
7.8 Sources of further information and advice
94(1)
8 Failure modes and analysis in metals
95(16)
8.1 Introduction
95(1)
8.2 Ductile failure
95(1)
8.3 Brittle fracture
96(4)
8.4 Fatigue failure
100(3)
8.5 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces
103(1)
8.6 Interpreting fracture faces
104(3)
8.7 Corrosion
107(1)
8.8 Engineering failure investigations
108(1)
8.9 Conclusions
109(1)
8.10 Sources of further information and advice
110(1)
Part Two Testing, analysis and assessment of weld fracture and fatigue
111(86)
9 Mechanical testing of welds
113(30)
9.1 Introduction
113(1)
9.2 Weld procedure qualification
113(1)
9.3 Bend testing
114(1)
9.4 Tensile testing
115(4)
9.5 Charpy testing
119(3)
9.6 Fracture toughness testing
122(6)
9.7 Fatigue testing
128(2)
9.8 Creep testing
130(2)
9.9 Corrosion testing
132(1)
9.10 Macrographic sections
133(1)
9.11 Hardness testing
133(5)
9.12 Conclusions
138(1)
9.13 Sources of further information and advice
139(4)
10 Detecting weld defects
143(16)
10.1 Introduction
143(1)
10.2 'Perfect' welds and detection of weld defects
143(1)
10.3 Visual inspection
144(1)
10.4 Dye penetrant inspection
145(2)
10.5 Magnetic particle inspection (MPI)
147(1)
10.6 Eddy-current testing
148(1)
10.7 Radiography
149(2)
10.8 Ultrasonic testing (UT)
151(2)
10.9 Probability of detection
153(1)
10.10 Flaw-sizing error
154(1)
10.11 Choosing suitable non-destructive testing (NDT) methods
154(2)
10.12 Conclusions
156(1)
10.13 Sources of further information and advice
156(3)
11 Weld defect assessment
159(16)
11.1 Introduction
159(1)
11.2 Fitness-for-service assessment
159(2)
11.3 When to carry out an engineering critical assessment (ECA)
161(1)
11.4 Standards for assessment methods
162(1)
11.5 Input data for ECA
163(4)
11.6 Failure assessment diagrams (FAD)
167(3)
11.7 Proximity to failure and safety factors
170(1)
11.8 Refining the assessment
171(2)
11.9 Conclusions
173(1)
11.10 Sources of further information and advice
174(1)
12 Weld fatigue assessment
175(10)
12.1 Introduction
175(1)
12.2 Using fracture mechanics to describe fatigue crack growth
175(3)
12.3 The power law (Paris equation)
178(5)
12.4 Assessing weld flaws under fatigue loading
183(1)
12.5 Advanced fatigue crack growth assessment
183(1)
12.6 Conclusions
184(1)
12.7 Sources of further information and advice
184(1)
13 Improving the fracture performance and fatigue life of welded joints
185(12)
13.1 Introduction
185(1)
13.2 Fatigue improvement measures to be taken before welding
185(2)
13.3 Fatigue improvement techniques for welds
187(5)
13.4 Other fatigue considerations
192(1)
13.5 Improving fracture performance
193(1)
13.6 Using this book: repair of fatigue cracks
194(1)
13.7 Conclusions
195(1)
13.8 Sources of further information and advice
195(2)
Index 197
Philippa Moore is a welding and structural integrity engineer at TWI Ltd., and lectures on a range of topics for the IWF Welding Engineer Diploma. Geoff Booth was a Technology Group manager at TWI Ltd and is now an independent chartered engineer.
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