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E-grāmata: What are the Stars?

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642453021
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642453021
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The outstanding question in astronomy at the turn of the twentieth century was: What are the stars and why are they as they are? In this volume, the story of how the answer to this fundamental question was unravelled is narrated in an informal style, with emphasis on the underlying physics. Although the foundations of astrophysics were laid down by 1870, and the edifice was sufficiently built up by 1920, the definitive proof of many of the prescient conjectures made in the 1920s and 1930s came to be established less than ten years ago. This book discusses these recent developments in the context of discussing the nature of the stars, their stability and the source of the energy they radiate.

Reading this book will get young students excited about the presently unfolding revolution in astronomy and the challenges that await them in the world of physics, engineering and technology. General readers will also find the book appealing for its highly accessible narrative of the physics of stars.

“... The readers will find Dr Srinivasan, an internationally acclaimed leader in this enterprise, to be a clear and enthusiastic guide to the wonders and mysteries of the cosmos.”

Lord Martin Rees

Astronomer Royal

Master of Trinity College, Cambridge

“I know of no comparable book in the present-day literature that so successfully conveys the excitement of the development of ideas pertaining to the physics of stars, including the newest discoveries, and at the same time explains the fundamentals so well.”

E. P. J. van den Heuvel

Professor of Astrophysics

Winner of the Spinoza and Descartes Prizes

University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands



This book teaches readers all about stars by presenting both basic physics and recent discoveries. Complete with accessible drawings of the processes involved, it discusses the nature of the stars, their stability and the source of the energy they radiate.
1 What are the Stars?
1(20)
Historical Introduction
1(6)
The Photosphere
7(4)
The Interior of the Sun
11(6)
The Virial Theorem
17(4)
2 Stars as Globes of Gas
21(12)
A Theory of the Stars
21(1)
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
21(2)
Why Does the Sun Shine?
23(1)
Source of Energy
24(9)
3 Eddington's Theory of the Stars
33(30)
Radiation Pressure
33(4)
Radiative Equilibrium
37(2)
Basic Equations of Stellar Structure
39(2)
Solution of the Equations of Stellar Structure
41(14)
Eddington's Mass--Luminosity Relation
55(5)
The Eddington Luminosity Limit
60(3)
4 Why are the Stars as they are?
63(14)
Are Stars Really Globes of Perfect Gas?
63(4)
The Happening of the Stars
67(1)
Why are the Stars as they are?
68(9)
5 Energy Generation in the Stars
77(28)
The Hypothesis of Nuclear Fusion in the Stars
77(1)
The Basic Difficulty
78(4)
Tunnelling Through a Potential Barrier
82(4)
Enter the Neutron
86(1)
The Neutrino
87(4)
The Synthesis of Helium in the Stars
91(4)
Why Does the Sun Not Blow Itself Up?
95(3)
Where is the Evidence?
98(7)
6 Sounds of the Sun
105(38)
The Standard Model of the Sun
105(2)
The Phenomenon of Convection
107(8)
Sounds of the Sun
115(4)
Nodes, Nodal Lines and Nodal Surfaces
119(2)
Vibrating Spheres
121(3)
Helioseismology
124(2)
The Antarctic
126(1)
Global Networks
127(1)
Solar Observatories in Space
127(2)
The Standard Model Put to Test
129(4)
Rotation of the Sun
133(7)
Internal Rotation of the Sun from Helioseismology
140(3)
7 The Smoking Gun is Finally Found
143(28)
The Hunt for the Smoking Gun
143(3)
The Kamiokande II Experiment
146(3)
The Gallium Experiments
149(1)
The Atmospheric Neutrinos
150(2)
Back to Solar Neutrino Experiments
152(1)
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
152(5)
The Smoking Gun was Finally Found
157(1)
The Fingerprints on the Gun
158(1)
Neutrinos Do Oscillate in Flavour!
159(1)
Mass States and Flavour States: Quantum Oscillations
160(2)
Coupled Pendulums
162(1)
Circular Polarization of Light
163(2)
Quantum Oscillations
165(3)
Neutrino Oscillations in Matter
168(3)
Epilogue 171(2)
Suggested Reading 173(2)
Index 175
Dr. G. Srinivasan began his career as a solid state physicist and later switched to astrophysics. After his PhD at the University of Chicago, he worked at the IBM Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge and Raman Research Institute, Bangalore. He is a Past President of the Astronomical Society of India as well as the Division of Space and High Energy Astrophysics of the International Astronomical Union. He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and a former Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow.