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E-grāmata: Whole-System Approach to High-Performance Green Buildings

  • Formāts: 300 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Jan-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Artech House Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781630814410
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  • Formāts: 300 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Jan-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Artech House Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781630814410

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This authoritative new resource provides a comprehensive review of the current approaches to the design and construction of sustainable buildings. This hand-on guide features global case studies with practical examples of both successful and unsuccessful designs.

The whole system approach to integrated design is clearly presented. This book includes insight into designing for the future, including design quality and future proofing, intelligent buildings, and whole life value. Nature inspired sustainable designs that can be mimicked in the construction industry are presented. Technical challenges such as energy efficiency, design, and computer modeling are explored along with various construction phase opportunities.

Recenzijas

Dr. David Strong, Victoria Burrows, and 22 contributing experts have assembled a clear and systematic guide to creating and operating efficient green buildings. With a global perspective, it will help guide next-generation buildings that will use little or no energy and less money while keeping occupants happy, healthy, and productive and the world richer, fairer, cooler, and safer. -- Amory B. Lovins * Rocky Mountain Institute * A Whole-System Approach to High Performance Green Buildings is a great reference for both practitioners and students pursuing engineering and architecture. The well-researched case studies on best practices and latest green building developments make a compelling case for project teams to take an integrated approach to sustainable building design, construction and operation. We are honoured that the BCA Green Mark 2015 scheme is recognised as an enabler of such integrative design. -- Ang Kian Seng * Environmental Sustainability, Building and Construction Authority, Singapore * This book is an excellent and authoritative resource for anyone planning to develop, design, construct or maintain a sustainable building. The book contains much invaluable practical guidance, which if followed, will help to deliver the next generation of genuinely high performance green buildings. -- Peter Rogers, CBE FREng Eur Ing CEng * Lipton Rogers Developments * In this era of innovation and rapid change, this book highlights some of the challenges we face as a sector in increasing productivity and quality while decreasing our impact. Overcoming these challenges can only be achieved by changing our perspectives. Its hard to see the whole system when you work in only a small part of it. This book provides a refreshing and honest overview from many different perspectives, with practical examples of what has and has not worked on projects all over the world. -- Jane Henley Its been almost 60 years since the powerful idea of integrative thinking was introduced by the Texas firm, Caudill Rowlett and Scott. The imperative of sustaining our planet is now asking much more of us in the building professions. It is past time to ramp up our skills. This book by David Strong and Victoria Burrows offers the most thorough, detailed, next generation refinement of how to think about green building design as whole system. It challenges conventional green thinking and guides the structuring and realization of a process that is both efficient and effective - all in service of economy, health, quality of life, and deeply meaningful and desirable shelter -- Bill Reed, AIA LEED * Regenesis * The imperative for highly efficient, healthy and productive sustainable buildings has never been more evident, but despite the fact that the green building movement has been mainstream for more than a decade, spanning over 100 countries around the world, there is still a huge gap between the aspirations and the real performance of most new developments. This comprehensive guide goes beyond the theory of whole system approaches to delivering high performance; critically it is informed by the authors many years of practical experience and lessons learnt. It balances clear explanation with solutions that emphasise simplicity over technological complexity. Above all it focuses on delivering buildings that work for the people who occupy them - because sustainable buildings are ultimately those that will stand the test of time. -- Paul King * Lendlease Europe * David has spent a distinguished career questioning and challenging our assumptions around buildings and the built environment. Helping set new paradigms and standards along the way. The book is an invaluable contribution to our future as an industry. -- Kevin R. Hydes * Integral Group * Authoritative and ambitious, A Whole-System Approach is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the design or construction of buildings intended to embody the principles of sustainable development. * Civil Engineering Magazine *

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Chapter 1 Scope and Scale of the Challenge
1(22)
1.1 Impact of the Built Environment
1(1)
1.2 The Emerging Market Drivers and Demand for Sustainable Buildings
2(1)
1.3 Thought Leadership and the World Green Building Movement
3(10)
1.3.1 Building Environmental Assessment Methods
3(1)
1.3.2 Trends
4(1)
1.3.3 Common International Assessment Methodology
5(1)
1.3.4 Differences Among Schemes
6(5)
1.3.5 Certification---Barrier or Enabler for Integrative Design?
11(1)
1.3.6 Pushing the Boundaries
12(1)
1.4 Creating a Market Pull for Sustainable Buildings
13(3)
1.4.1 Responding to Client and Occupant Requirements
13(2)
1.4.2 Growing Awareness That "Green" Buildings Pay
15(1)
1.5 Compliance Drivers
16(3)
1.5.1 Zero-Energy and Nearly Zero-Energy/Carbon Buildings
18(1)
1.6 Whole System Thinking
19(4)
Ten Key Methods for Achieving Sustainable Design and Operations Outcomes
19(1)
References
20(3)
Chapter 2 Whole System Approach
23(28)
2.1 What Is "Whole System Thinking"?
24(4)
2.1.1 Integrating the Design Process
24(3)
2.1.2 IDP Design Team Organization
27(1)
2.1.3 Benefits of Integrative, Collaborative, Multidisciplinary Design Team Engagement
28(1)
2.2 Identifying and Exploiting the Opportunities for CAPEX and OPEX Reductions Offered by a Whole System Approach
28(4)
2.2.1 Tunneling Through Cost Barriers
30(1)
PassivHaus Standard
31(1)
2.3 Avoiding Pitfalls
32(4)
2.3.1 Risks of Relying on Overly Complex Technologies
32(1)
2.3.2 Benefits of Adopting an Eco-Minimalistic Approach to Design
33(1)
2.3.3 Closing the Performance Gap
34(1)
Portcullis House
35(1)
Portcullis House Key Lessons
36(1)
2.4 Delivering Buildings Fit for People and the Planet
36(5)
2.4.1 Human Health, Productivity, and Well-Being
36(3)
2.4.2 Daylight
39(2)
2.5 The Importance of Good Metrics
41(3)
Achieving a High-Energy Performance Commercial Building
43(1)
2.5.1 Measurement and Monitoring
44(1)
2.6 Sustainable Construction Material Selection and Specification
44(7)
2.6.1 What Is a Sustainable Construction Material?
44(1)
2.6.2 What Environmental Impacts Are Associated with Construction Products?
45(1)
2.6.3 Sustainable Construction Materials Assessment
45(1)
2.6.4 Reducing Embodied Impacts at the Building Level
46(1)
2.6.5 Sustainable Construction Materials and the Supply Chain
47(1)
2.6.6 Other Approaches to Sustainable Material Selection
48(1)
References
49(2)
Chapter 3 Designing for the Future: Design Quality and Future Proofing, Intelligent Buildings, Whole Life Value, and Closing the Performance Gap
51(22)
3.1 Knowing Where You Want to Go
51(1)
3.1.1 Establishing Goals, Targets, and Metrics
51(1)
3.1.2 How Long Will Your Building Last?
52(1)
3.2 Design Quality and Future Proofing
52(3)
3.2.1 Overview
52(1)
3.2.2 Green Vitruvius
53(1)
3.2.3 The Fourth Dimension
53(1)
Form Follows Function: London 2012 Olympic Park
54(1)
3.2.4 Project Briefing and Communication
54(1)
3.3 Intelligent Buildings
55(5)
3.3.1 What Is an Intelligent Building?
55(1)
3.3.2 Intelligent Building Guidelines
56(2)
3.3.3 Key Criteria for Intelligent Buildings
58(1)
3.3.4 Guidelines for Planning, Designing, and Managing Intelligent Buildings
59(1)
3.4 Whole Life Value and Service Life Design: Economic Opportunities and Analysis
60(5)
3.4.1 Introduction
60(1)
3.4.2 Life Cycle Costing as Part of an Integrated Assessment of Sustainability
61(2)
3.4.3 The Process of Assessing LCC as Part of Sustainable Procurement and Design
63(1)
3.4.4 Key Focus Areas for Economic Assessment of Integrated Sustainability
64(1)
3.5 Adopting "Soft Landings" to Ensure Buildings Perform Better in Use
65(8)
3.5.1 Helping Clients
67(1)
3.5.2 Helping Design Teams
68(1)
3.5.3 Helping Contractors
69(1)
3.5.4 Helping Building Occupiers and Managers
70(1)
References
71(2)
Chapter 4 Working with Nature and Natural Systems
73(18)
4.1 Introduction to Bioclimatic Design
73(2)
4.1.1 Climate-Excluding Versus Climate-Adaptive Buildings
73(1)
4.1.2 Bioclimatic Design: Learning from Vernacular Architecture
74(1)
4.2 Biomimicry: Learning from Nature
75(4)
4.2.1 What Is Biomimicry?
75(1)
4.2.2 Inspiration from Natural Forms
76(1)
4.2.3 Inspiration from Natural Systems
77(1)
4.2.4 Inspiration from Natural Processes
77(1)
4.2.5 Conclusions
78(1)
4.3 Green Roofs and Living Walls
79(5)
4.3.1 Building-Integrated Vegetation
79(2)
4.3.2 The Benefits of Building-Integrated Vegetation
81(1)
4.3.3 Design Stage Opportunities and Risks
82(1)
4.3.4 Operational Issues
83(1)
4.4 Preserving and Enhancing Biodiversity in the Built Environment
84(7)
4.4.1 What Is Biodiversity?
84(1)
4.4.2 Biodiversity and Sustainable Buildings
84(1)
4.4.3 Green and Blue Spaces
85(1)
4.4.4 Biodiversity: Key Issues
85(2)
4.4.5 Building Biodiversity
87(2)
4.4.6 Legislative Drivers 87 References
89(2)
Chapter 5 Energy-Optimizing Architectural Design and Engineering
91(36)
5.1 Whole System/Whole Building Optimization
91(14)
5.1.1 Step 0: Location, Location, Location
93(1)
5.1.2 Step 1: Fabric First!
94(1)
5.1.3 Step 2: Explore the Potential Offered by Passive Solutions
95(3)
5.1.4 Step 3: Ensure All Active Energy Systems Are Highly Efficient
98(4)
5.1.5 Step 4: Consider the On-Site Renewable Energy Generation Options
102(3)
5.2 Sustainability of the Building Envelope
105(3)
5.2.1 Introduction
105(1)
5.2.2 Building Envelope Fundamentals
106(2)
5.3 Optimizing Indoor Environmental Quality
108(5)
5.3.1 Introduction
108(2)
5.3.2 Thermal Comfort
110(1)
5.3.3 Visual Comfort
111(1)
5.3.4 Indoor Air Quality
112(1)
5.3.5 Acoustic Environment
112(1)
5.4 Effective Building Control and Monitoring
113(2)
5.4.1 Introduction
113(1)
5.4.2 Maximizing BMS Effectiveness
114(1)
5.5 Low-Friction, Low-Pressure-Loss Engineering
115(12)
5.5.1 Reducing the Environmental Impact of Moving Air and Water Around Buildings
115(1)
5.5.2 Why Design for Low Friction and Low Pressure Loss?
116(1)
5.5.3 Duct and Pipe Sizing: The Importance of Forensic Attention to Detail
117(2)
5.5.4 Ductwork Layout
119(2)
5.5.5 Pipework Layout and Design
121(1)
5.5.6 Embodied Carbon Considerations
121(2)
Case Study: How Modifying Typical Ductwork Layout and Specification Can Reduce Fan Power Requirement (and Operational Cost) by Over 80%
123(3)
References
126(1)
Chapter 6 Modeling and Simulation as a Design Tool
127(20)
6.1 How Modeling Can Help Design Better Buildings
127(1)
6.2 Determining Peak Loads
128(2)
6.2.1 How Are Peak Loads Useful?
128(1)
6.2.2 Applying the Peak Load Values in Practice
128(2)
6.3 HVAC Sizing: Doing Better Than Rules of Thumb
130(1)
6.3.1 Why Is HVAC Sizing Useful?
130(1)
6.3.2 Studying HVAC Sizing in Practice
130(1)
6.4 Natural Ventilation Design with Analysis
131(3)
6.4.1 Getting to a Natural Ventilation Design That Works
132(2)
6.4.2 Testing the Natural Ventilation Opening Size Requirements for Windows
134(1)
6.5 Adding Shading and Improving Glazing and Thermal Mass
134(1)
6.6 Energy Analysis
134(4)
6.6.1 Energy Analysis: Know Your Task
135(1)
6.6.2 Energy Analysis: Workflow
136(1)
6.6.3 Renewable Energy Generation
136(2)
6.7 Daylight Analysis: How to Interpret the Pretty Pictures
138(3)
6.7.1 Daylight Analysis: What Is the Goal of the Design Exercise?
138(1)
6.7.2 Daylight Analysis: Annual Versus Instant Analysis
138(3)
6.8 Glare Analysis
141(1)
6.8.1 A Simple Methodology for Using Glare Calculations
142(1)
6.8.2 Direct Sun
142(1)
6.9 Sun Path Diagrams
142(2)
6.9.1 How to Use Sun Path Diagrams as a Design Tool
143(1)
6.9.2 Seasonal or Annual Average Direct Sun
144(1)
6.10 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
144(3)
6.10.1 How CFD Works
145(1)
6.10.2 CFD Limitations
146(1)
References
146(1)
Chapter 7 Water: Efficient Use, Sustainable Waste Water Treatment, and Management
147(22)
7.1 Design for Water-Efficient Buildings
147(7)
7.1.1 Reducing Demand
148(1)
7.1.2 Efficient Servicing Strategies
148(2)
7.1.3 Other Considerations
150(1)
7.1.4 Water Efficiency in Domestic Properties
151(3)
7.2 Sustainable Drainage Design for Developments
154(15)
7.2.1 Composition of Foul Drainage
154(1)
7.2.2 Problems with Present Practice
155(1)
7.2.3 Solutions
156(1)
7.2.4 The Design of Ecological Treatment Systems
156(3)
7.2.5 Types of Natural Treatment Systems
159(1)
7.2.6 Natural Solid Waste Treatment
160(2)
7.2.7 Surface Water Attenuation, Management, and Treatment
162(1)
7.2.8 Key Principles of SuDS
163(1)
7.2.9 The Need for Treatment of Surface Water
164(2)
7.2.10 Construction
166(1)
References
166(3)
Chapter 8 Construction Phase Opportunities
169(28)
8.1 Embracing Change
169(1)
8.2 Legislative Drivers and Statutory Obligations
170(1)
8.3 Procurement
171(1)
8.4 Construction Documentation
171(2)
8.5 Waste Management
173(10)
8.5.1 Waste Management Versus Waste Reduction
173(3)
8.5.2 The Waste Hierarchy
176(1)
Building Information Modeling
177(1)
Case Study: Recycling and Improvisation, London 2012 Olympic Stadium
178(2)
Case Study: Deconstruction of IOC Headquarters, Lausanne
180(1)
8.5.3 Strategy Success
180(1)
8.5.4 Circular Economy
181(1)
Case Study: ArcelorMittal
182(1)
8.6 Efficient On-Site Operations
183(3)
8.6.1 Energy
183(2)
8.6.2 Water
185(1)
8.6.3 Site Logistics
185(1)
8.7 Pollution Prevention
186(2)
8.7.1 Water Pollution
186(1)
8.7.2 Air Pollution
187(1)
8.7.3 Other Pollution Sources
188(1)
8.8 Other Considerations
188(4)
8.8.1 Community Engagement
188(1)
8.8.2 Biodiversity
189(1)
8.8.3 Transportation
189(1)
8.8.4 Cloud Collaboration
190(1)
8.8.5 Achieving Buy-In
190(1)
8.8.6 Training and Education
191(1)
8.8.7 Commissioning and Testing
191(1)
8.9 Green Building Certification Schemes
192(1)
8.10 Collaboration Is Key
193(4)
References
193(4)
Chapter 9 Post-Construction
197(14)
9.1 Post-Construction Evaluation: Closing the Gap Between Design Intent and Actual Performance
197(4)
9.1.1 Introduction
197(1)
9.1.2 The Need for Project Feedback
197(1)
9.1.3 Post-Occupancy Evaluation
198(1)
9.1.4 Making Feedback and POE Routine
198(1)
9.1.5 What Range of Techniques Can Be Used?
199(1)
9.1.6 What Should We Be Thinking About?
199(2)
9.2 Design Quality Method
201(1)
9.3 Optimize Operational and Maintenance Practices
201(1)
9.4 Continuous Commissioning
202(9)
9.4.1 Continuous Commissioning Stages
202(1)
9.4.2 The CC Process
203(2)
9.4.3 Detailed Investigation and Implementation Plan
205(3)
9.4.4 Implementation
208(1)
9.4.5 Summary
209(1)
References
209(2)
Chapter 10 Case Studies
211(52)
10.1 The Bullitt Center, Seattle, Washington
211(7)
10.1.1 Context
211(2)
10.1.2 Aligned from the Start
213(1)
10.1.3 Replicability of Processes
214(2)
10.1.4 Challenging Traditional Concepts
216(1)
10.1.5 Endnote
217(1)
10.2 RMI Innovation Center, Basalt, Colorado
218(5)
10.2.1 Context
218(1)
10.2.2 Passive Design Strategies
219(1)
10.2.3 Thermal Comfort Design Parameters
220(2)
10.2.4 Endnote
222(1)
10.3 The Brock Environmental Center, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia
223(7)
10.3.1 Context
223(1)
10.3.2 Iterative Design
224(2)
10.3.3 Active Systems
226(1)
A Different Approach for Life Cycle Cost Assessment
226(1)
10.3.4 Innovations
226(2)
10.3.5 Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
228(1)
10.3.6 Endnote
229(1)
10.4 Elmsbrook, Oxfordshire, U.K.
230(4)
10.4.1 Context
230(1)
10.4.2 One Planet Community
231(1)
10.4.3 A True Zero-Carbon Community
232(1)
10.4.4 Zero Waste
232(1)
10.4.5 Sustainable Transport
233(1)
10.4.6 Sustainable Water
233(1)
10.4.7 Endnote
233(1)
10.5 Park 20120, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
234(4)
10.5.1 Context
234(2)
10.5.2 Applying Cradle to Cradle
236(1)
10.5.3 Innovation
237(1)
10.5.4 Endnote
238(1)
10.6 Hotel Verde, Cape Town, South Africa
238(6)
10.6.1 Context
238(1)
10.6.2 Design Features
239(3)
10.6.3 Construction
242(1)
10.6.4 Operational Impacts
242(1)
10.6.5 Endnote
243(1)
10.7 The Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center, Abu Dhabi
244(4)
10.7.1 Context
244(2)
10.7.2 Sustainability Innovations
246(1)
10.7.3 Water Usage and Minimization
247(1)
10.7.4 Building Management System
248(1)
10.7.5 Endnote
248(1)
10.8 Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
248(6)
10.8.1 Context
248(1)
10.8.2 IDP at KTPH
249(2)
10.8.3 Healing Environment
251(2)
10.8.4 Endnote
253(1)
10.9 Council House 2, Melbourne, Australia
254(9)
10.9.1 Context
254(1)
10.9.2 Design Development
255(1)
10.9.3 Post-Occupancy Studies
255(2)
10.9.4 Lessons Learned
257(1)
10.9.5 Endnote
257(2)
References
259(4)
About the Authors 263(1)
Contributing Authors 264(1)
Case Study Contributors 264(1)
Index 265