Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Scope and Scale of the Challenge |
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1 | (22) |
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1.1 Impact of the Built Environment |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 The Emerging Market Drivers and Demand for Sustainable Buildings |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Thought Leadership and the World Green Building Movement |
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3 | (10) |
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1.3.1 Building Environmental Assessment Methods |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Common International Assessment Methodology |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Differences Among Schemes |
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6 | (5) |
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1.3.5 Certification---Barrier or Enabler for Integrative Design? |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.6 Pushing the Boundaries |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4 Creating a Market Pull for Sustainable Buildings |
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13 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Responding to Client and Occupant Requirements |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Growing Awareness That "Green" Buildings Pay |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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1.5.1 Zero-Energy and Nearly Zero-Energy/Carbon Buildings |
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18 | (1) |
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1.6 Whole System Thinking |
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19 | (4) |
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Ten Key Methods for Achieving Sustainable Design and Operations Outcomes |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Whole System Approach |
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23 | (28) |
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2.1 What Is "Whole System Thinking"? |
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24 | (4) |
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2.1.1 Integrating the Design Process |
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24 | (3) |
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2.1.2 IDP Design Team Organization |
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27 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Benefits of Integrative, Collaborative, Multidisciplinary Design Team Engagement |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2 Identifying and Exploiting the Opportunities for CAPEX and OPEX Reductions Offered by a Whole System Approach |
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28 | (4) |
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2.2.1 Tunneling Through Cost Barriers |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (4) |
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2.3.1 Risks of Relying on Overly Complex Technologies |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Benefits of Adopting an Eco-Minimalistic Approach to Design |
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33 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Closing the Performance Gap |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Portcullis House Key Lessons |
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36 | (1) |
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2.4 Delivering Buildings Fit for People and the Planet |
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36 | (5) |
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2.4.1 Human Health, Productivity, and Well-Being |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (2) |
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2.5 The Importance of Good Metrics |
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41 | (3) |
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Achieving a High-Energy Performance Commercial Building |
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43 | (1) |
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2.5.1 Measurement and Monitoring |
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44 | (1) |
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2.6 Sustainable Construction Material Selection and Specification |
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44 | (7) |
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2.6.1 What Is a Sustainable Construction Material? |
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44 | (1) |
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2.6.2 What Environmental Impacts Are Associated with Construction Products? |
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45 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Sustainable Construction Materials Assessment |
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45 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Reducing Embodied Impacts at the Building Level |
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46 | (1) |
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2.6.5 Sustainable Construction Materials and the Supply Chain |
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47 | (1) |
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2.6.6 Other Approaches to Sustainable Material Selection |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Designing for the Future: Design Quality and Future Proofing, Intelligent Buildings, Whole Life Value, and Closing the Performance Gap |
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51 | (22) |
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3.1 Knowing Where You Want to Go |
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51 | (1) |
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3.1.1 Establishing Goals, Targets, and Metrics |
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51 | (1) |
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3.1.2 How Long Will Your Building Last? |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2 Design Quality and Future Proofing |
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52 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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3.2.3 The Fourth Dimension |
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53 | (1) |
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Form Follows Function: London 2012 Olympic Park |
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54 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Project Briefing and Communication |
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54 | (1) |
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3.3 Intelligent Buildings |
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55 | (5) |
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3.3.1 What Is an Intelligent Building? |
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55 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Intelligent Building Guidelines |
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56 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Key Criteria for Intelligent Buildings |
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58 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Guidelines for Planning, Designing, and Managing Intelligent Buildings |
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59 | (1) |
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3.4 Whole Life Value and Service Life Design: Economic Opportunities and Analysis |
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60 | (5) |
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60 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Life Cycle Costing as Part of an Integrated Assessment of Sustainability |
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61 | (2) |
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3.4.3 The Process of Assessing LCC as Part of Sustainable Procurement and Design |
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63 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Key Focus Areas for Economic Assessment of Integrated Sustainability |
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64 | (1) |
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3.5 Adopting "Soft Landings" to Ensure Buildings Perform Better in Use |
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65 | (8) |
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67 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Helping Design Teams |
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68 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Helping Contractors |
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69 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Helping Building Occupiers and Managers |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Working with Nature and Natural Systems |
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73 | (18) |
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4.1 Introduction to Bioclimatic Design |
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73 | (2) |
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4.1.1 Climate-Excluding Versus Climate-Adaptive Buildings |
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73 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Bioclimatic Design: Learning from Vernacular Architecture |
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74 | (1) |
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4.2 Biomimicry: Learning from Nature |
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75 | (4) |
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4.2.1 What Is Biomimicry? |
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75 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Inspiration from Natural Forms |
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76 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Inspiration from Natural Systems |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Inspiration from Natural Processes |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3 Green Roofs and Living Walls |
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79 | (5) |
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4.3.1 Building-Integrated Vegetation |
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79 | (2) |
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4.3.2 The Benefits of Building-Integrated Vegetation |
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81 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Design Stage Opportunities and Risks |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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4.4 Preserving and Enhancing Biodiversity in the Built Environment |
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84 | (7) |
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4.4.1 What Is Biodiversity? |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Biodiversity and Sustainable Buildings |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Green and Blue Spaces |
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85 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Biodiversity: Key Issues |
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85 | (2) |
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4.4.5 Building Biodiversity |
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87 | (2) |
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4.4.6 Legislative Drivers 87 References |
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89 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Energy-Optimizing Architectural Design and Engineering |
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91 | (36) |
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5.1 Whole System/Whole Building Optimization |
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91 | (14) |
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5.1.1 Step 0: Location, Location, Location |
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93 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Step 1: Fabric First! |
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94 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Step 2: Explore the Potential Offered by Passive Solutions |
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95 | (3) |
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5.1.4 Step 3: Ensure All Active Energy Systems Are Highly Efficient |
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98 | (4) |
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5.1.5 Step 4: Consider the On-Site Renewable Energy Generation Options |
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102 | (3) |
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5.2 Sustainability of the Building Envelope |
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105 | (3) |
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105 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Building Envelope Fundamentals |
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106 | (2) |
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5.3 Optimizing Indoor Environmental Quality |
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108 | (5) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Acoustic Environment |
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112 | (1) |
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5.4 Effective Building Control and Monitoring |
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113 | (2) |
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113 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Maximizing BMS Effectiveness |
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114 | (1) |
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5.5 Low-Friction, Low-Pressure-Loss Engineering |
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115 | (12) |
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5.5.1 Reducing the Environmental Impact of Moving Air and Water Around Buildings |
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115 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Why Design for Low Friction and Low Pressure Loss? |
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116 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Duct and Pipe Sizing: The Importance of Forensic Attention to Detail |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.5.5 Pipework Layout and Design |
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121 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Embodied Carbon Considerations |
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121 | (2) |
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Case Study: How Modifying Typical Ductwork Layout and Specification Can Reduce Fan Power Requirement (and Operational Cost) by Over 80% |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Modeling and Simulation as a Design Tool |
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127 | (20) |
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6.1 How Modeling Can Help Design Better Buildings |
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127 | (1) |
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6.2 Determining Peak Loads |
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128 | (2) |
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6.2.1 How Are Peak Loads Useful? |
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128 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Applying the Peak Load Values in Practice |
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128 | (2) |
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6.3 HVAC Sizing: Doing Better Than Rules of Thumb |
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130 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Why Is HVAC Sizing Useful? |
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130 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Studying HVAC Sizing in Practice |
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130 | (1) |
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6.4 Natural Ventilation Design with Analysis |
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131 | (3) |
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6.4.1 Getting to a Natural Ventilation Design That Works |
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132 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Testing the Natural Ventilation Opening Size Requirements for Windows |
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134 | (1) |
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6.5 Adding Shading and Improving Glazing and Thermal Mass |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (4) |
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6.6.1 Energy Analysis: Know Your Task |
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135 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Energy Analysis: Workflow |
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136 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Renewable Energy Generation |
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136 | (2) |
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6.7 Daylight Analysis: How to Interpret the Pretty Pictures |
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138 | (3) |
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6.7.1 Daylight Analysis: What Is the Goal of the Design Exercise? |
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138 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Daylight Analysis: Annual Versus Instant Analysis |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (1) |
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6.8.1 A Simple Methodology for Using Glare Calculations |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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6.9.1 How to Use Sun Path Diagrams as a Design Tool |
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143 | (1) |
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6.9.2 Seasonal or Annual Average Direct Sun |
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144 | (1) |
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6.10 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) |
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144 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Water: Efficient Use, Sustainable Waste Water Treatment, and Management |
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147 | (22) |
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7.1 Design for Water-Efficient Buildings |
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147 | (7) |
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148 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Efficient Servicing Strategies |
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148 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Other Considerations |
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150 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Water Efficiency in Domestic Properties |
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151 | (3) |
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7.2 Sustainable Drainage Design for Developments |
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154 | (15) |
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7.2.1 Composition of Foul Drainage |
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154 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Problems with Present Practice |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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7.2.4 The Design of Ecological Treatment Systems |
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156 | (3) |
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7.2.5 Types of Natural Treatment Systems |
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159 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Natural Solid Waste Treatment |
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160 | (2) |
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7.2.7 Surface Water Attenuation, Management, and Treatment |
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162 | (1) |
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7.2.8 Key Principles of SuDS |
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163 | (1) |
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7.2.9 The Need for Treatment of Surface Water |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Construction Phase Opportunities |
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169 | (28) |
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169 | (1) |
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8.2 Legislative Drivers and Statutory Obligations |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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8.4 Construction Documentation |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (10) |
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8.5.1 Waste Management Versus Waste Reduction |
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173 | (3) |
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8.5.2 The Waste Hierarchy |
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176 | (1) |
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Building Information Modeling |
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177 | (1) |
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Case Study: Recycling and Improvisation, London 2012 Olympic Stadium |
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178 | (2) |
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Case Study: Deconstruction of IOC Headquarters, Lausanne |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Case Study: ArcelorMittal |
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182 | (1) |
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8.6 Efficient On-Site Operations |
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183 | (3) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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8.7.3 Other Pollution Sources |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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8.8.1 Community Engagement |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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8.8.4 Cloud Collaboration |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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8.8.6 Training and Education |
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191 | (1) |
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8.8.7 Commissioning and Testing |
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191 | (1) |
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8.9 Green Building Certification Schemes |
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192 | (1) |
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8.10 Collaboration Is Key |
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193 | (4) |
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193 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 Post-Construction |
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197 | (14) |
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9.1 Post-Construction Evaluation: Closing the Gap Between Design Intent and Actual Performance |
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197 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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9.1.2 The Need for Project Feedback |
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197 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Post-Occupancy Evaluation |
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198 | (1) |
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9.1.4 Making Feedback and POE Routine |
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198 | (1) |
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9.1.5 What Range of Techniques Can Be Used? |
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199 | (1) |
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9.1.6 What Should We Be Thinking About? |
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199 | (2) |
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9.2 Design Quality Method |
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201 | (1) |
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9.3 Optimize Operational and Maintenance Practices |
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201 | (1) |
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9.4 Continuous Commissioning |
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202 | (9) |
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9.4.1 Continuous Commissioning Stages |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Detailed Investigation and Implementation Plan |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (52) |
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10.1 The Bullitt Center, Seattle, Washington |
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211 | (7) |
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211 | (2) |
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10.1.2 Aligned from the Start |
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213 | (1) |
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10.1.3 Replicability of Processes |
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214 | (2) |
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10.1.4 Challenging Traditional Concepts |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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10.2 RMI Innovation Center, Basalt, Colorado |
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218 | (5) |
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218 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Passive Design Strategies |
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219 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Thermal Comfort Design Parameters |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (1) |
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10.3 The Brock Environmental Center, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia |
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223 | (7) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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A Different Approach for Life Cycle Cost Assessment |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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10.3.5 Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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10.4 Elmsbrook, Oxfordshire, U.K. |
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230 | (4) |
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230 | (1) |
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10.4.2 One Planet Community |
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231 | (1) |
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10.4.3 A True Zero-Carbon Community |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Sustainable Transport |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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10.5 Park 20120, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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234 | (4) |
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234 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Applying Cradle to Cradle |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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10.6 Hotel Verde, Cape Town, South Africa |
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238 | (6) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (1) |
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10.6.4 Operational Impacts |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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10.7 The Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center, Abu Dhabi |
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244 | (4) |
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244 | (2) |
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10.7.2 Sustainability Innovations |
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246 | (1) |
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10.7.3 Water Usage and Minimization |
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247 | (1) |
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10.7.4 Building Management System |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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10.8 Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore |
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248 | (6) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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10.8.3 Healing Environment |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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10.9 Council House 2, Melbourne, Australia |
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254 | (9) |
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254 | (1) |
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10.9.2 Design Development |
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255 | (1) |
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10.9.3 Post-Occupancy Studies |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (4) |
About the Authors |
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263 | (1) |
Contributing Authors |
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264 | (1) |
Case Study Contributors |
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264 | (1) |
Index |
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265 | |