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E-grāmata: Wilderness First Responder: How To Recognize, Treat, And Prevent Emergencies In The Backcountry

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Falcon Guides
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781493067060
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Wilderness First Responder: How To Recognize, Treat, And Prevent Emergencies In The BackcountryPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Falcon Guides
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781493067060
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The award-winning guide to medical training for wilderness rescue and self-care

Wilderness First Responder is a comprehensive text for the recognition, treatment, and prevention of backcountry emergencies, written by wilderness expert Buck Tilton with more than a dozen medical professionals. Thoroughly updated and revised, this teaching manual for the National Outdoor Leadership School's Wilderness First Responder course represents more than a century and a half of combined experience in wilderness medicine, rescue, and education. It is essential reading for wilderness educators, trip leaders, guides, search and rescue groups, and anyone who works or plays far from definitive medical care.



This invaluable resource includes expert step-by-step instructions, clear illustrations, and Signs and Symptoms sidebars designed to help you provide immediate care in the wildernesswhenever you are more than an hour away from an ambulance or a medical facility. It shows how to conduct a patient assessment, improvise when ideal materials are not handy, and decide whether or not to evacuate the injured.



Learn how to assess and treat:



Airway obstructions Cardiac arrest External and internal bleeding Shock Spine injuries Head injuries Chest injuries Abdominal injuries Fractures and dislocations Athletic injuries Soft-tissue injuries Cold- or heat-induced injuries Altitude sickness Insect bites and stings Diabetic emergencies Poisoning emergencies Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis
List of Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
Section I: Introduction
1 Wilderness Emergency Medical Care
3(4)
First Response and Responsibility
3(1)
A Brief History of Wilderness Medicine
4(1)
Wilderness Medicine vs. Urban Medicine
5(1)
A Closer Look
5(1)
Training
5(2)
2 Legal Issues in Wilderness Medicine
7(6)
Civil Law and the WFR
7(1)
Negligence
8(1)
Legal Considerations
8(1)
Legal Protection
9(1)
Summary
10(3)
Section II: Patient Assessment and Initial Concerns
3 Patient Assessment
13(16)
Stop! Size up the Scene
13(2)
Stop! Assess the Patient for Immediate Threats to Life
15(2)
Stop! Complete a Focused Exam and Patient History
17(9)
Stop! Make a Problem List and a Plan
26(1)
Stop! Monitor the Patient's Condition
26(3)
4 Airway and Breathing
29(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Airway
29(1)
Assessing the Airway
30(1)
Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction: Conscious Adult
31(1)
Rescue Breathing
32(2)
Recovery Position
34(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
34(1)
5 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
35(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Heart
35(1)
Cardiac Arrest and CPR
36(1)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
36(1)
Adult One-Rescuer CPR
37(1)
Complications Caused by CPR
38(1)
Criteria for Stopping CPR
38(1)
Special Considerations for the Wilderness
38(1)
Specific Wilderness Situations
39(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
39(2)
6 Bleeding
41(4)
Types of Bleeding
41(1)
Body Response to Bleeding
41(1)
Control of External Bleeding
42(1)
Internal Bleeding
43(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
43(2)
7 Shock
45(8)
Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
45(1)
Shock
46(1)
Types and Causes of Shock
46(1)
Stages of Shock
47(2)
Risk Factors
49(1)
Management of Shock
49(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
50(3)
Section III: Traumatic Injuries
8 Spine Injuries
53(8)
Basic Anatomy of the Spine
53(1)
Mechanisms of Injury
54(1)
Types of Spinal Cord Injuries
54(1)
General Assessment of the Spine
55(1)
Treatment for Suspected Spinal Injury
55(1)
Lifting and Moving a Patient
56(2)
Special Considerations for the Wilderness
58(1)
The Focused Spine Assessment
59(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
60(1)
9 Head Injuries
61(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Head
61(1)
Types of Head Injuries
61(3)
Levels of Head Injury
64(1)
Treatment for Serious Head Injury
65(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
65(2)
10 Chest Injuries
67(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Chest and Normal Breathing
67(1)
Types of Chest Injuries
68(4)
General Treatment Guidelines
72(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
72(1)
11 Abdominal Injuries
73(4)
Basic Anatomy of the Abdomen
73(1)
General Abdominal Trauma Assessment
74(1)
Blunt Trauma Assessment and Treatment
75(1)
Penetrating Trauma Assessment and Treatment
75(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
75(2)
12 Athletic Injuries
77(10)
General Assessment of Athletic Injuries
77(1)
General Treatment of Athletic Injuries
78(1)
Specific Treatment for General Types of Athletic Injuries
78(1)
Specific Treatment for Specific Athletic Injuries
79(5)
Prevention of Athletic Injuries
84(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
85(2)
13 Fractures
87(8)
Basic Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System
87(1)
Types of Fractures
87(1)
General Assessment of a Fracture
88(1)
General Principles of Fracture Treatment
88(2)
Specific Treatment for Upper Body Fractures
90(2)
Specific Treatment for Lower Body Fractures
92(1)
Complicated Fractures
93(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
94(1)
14 Dislocations
95(6)
General Assessment and Treatment of Dislocations
96(1)
Specific Treatment for Upper Body Dislocations
96(2)
Specific Treatment for Lower Body Dislocations
98(1)
Long-Term Care for Dislocations
99(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
99(2)
15 Wilderness Wound Management
101(12)
Basic Anatomy of the Skin
101(1)
Types of Wounds
102(1)
General Wound Management
102(1)
Management of Specific Wounds
103(3)
Evacuation Guidelines for Wounds
106(1)
Wilderness Burn Management
107(1)
Evacuation Guidelines for Burns
108(1)
General Wound Infection Management
109(1)
Evacuation Guidelines for Infected Wounds
109(4)
Section IV: Environmental Emergencies
16 Cold-Induced Emergencies
113(8)
Heat Production
113(1)
Heat Loss
114(1)
Hypothermia
114(4)
Frostbite
118(2)
Nonfreezing Cold Injury
120(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
120(1)
17 Heat-Induced Emergencies
121(6)
Dehydration
121(1)
Heat Cramps
122(1)
Heat Exhaustion
122(1)
Heatstroke
122(2)
Hyponatremia
124(1)
Prevention of Heat-Induced Emergencies
124(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
125(2)
18 Altitude Illnesses
127(6)
Acclimatization
127(1)
Acute Mountain Sickness
128(1)
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
128(2)
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
130(1)
Prevention of Altitude Illnesses
130(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
130(3)
19 Immersion and Submersion Incidents
133(4)
Immersion
134(1)
Drowning
134(1)
More on Resuscitation
135(1)
Prevention
135(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
135(2)
20 Lightning Injuries
137(4)
Mechanisms of Injury
138(1)
Types of Injuries
138(1)
Management of the Patient
138(1)
Prevention of Lightning Injuries
138(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
140(1)
21 North American Bites and Stings
141(14)
Reptiles
141(2)
Spiders
143(2)
Scorpions
145(1)
Zoonoses
145(5)
Hymenoptera
150(1)
Centipedes
150(1)
Bears
150(1)
Dangerous Marine Life
151(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
153(2)
22 Diving Emergencies
155(8)
Physical Principles of Diving
155(1)
Types of Barotrauma
156(1)
Other Diving Disorders
157(1)
Prevention of Diving Emergencies
158(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
159(4)
Section V: Medical Emergencies
23 Cardiac Emergencies
163(4)
Types of Cardiac Emergencies
163(2)
General Treatment for Cardiac Emergencies
165(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
166(1)
24 Respiratory Emergencies
167(6)
Types of Respiratory Emergencies
167(3)
Evacuation Guidelines
170(3)
25 Neurological Emergencies
173(4)
Basic Anatomy of the Brain
173(1)
Unconscious States
173(1)
Types of Neurological Emergencies
174(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
176(1)
26 Diabetic Emergencies
177(4)
Normal Physiology
177(1)
Diabetic Physiology
178(1)
Hyperglycemia
178(1)
Hypoglycemia
178(1)
Diabetics in the Wilderness
179(1)
Prevention of Diabetic Emergencies
179(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
180(1)
27 Poisoning Emergencies
181(4)
Ingested Poisons
181(2)
Treatment for Ingested Poisons
183(1)
Inhaled Poisons
183(1)
Treatment for Inhaled Poisons
184(1)
Absorbed Poisons
184(1)
Injected Poisons
184(1)
General Treatment Guidelines for Poisonings
184(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
184(1)
28 Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis
185(4)
Allergic Reactions
185(1)
Anaphylaxis
186(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
187(2)
29 Abdominal Illnesses
189(4)
General Abdominal Illness Assessment
189(1)
Some Types of Abdominal Illnesses
190(2)
General Treatment for Abdominal Illnesses
192(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
192(1)
30 Communicable Diseases and Camp Hygiene
193(10)
Agents of Infection
193(1)
Communication of Disease
194(1)
Some Specific Communicable Diseases
194(2)
Camp Hygiene
196(2)
Principles of Camp Hygiene
198(5)
Section VI: Special Emergencies
31 Common Wilderness Medical Problems
203(14)
Headaches
203(1)
Eye Injuries
204(1)
Ear Injuries
205(1)
Nose Injuries
206(1)
Skin Damage
206(4)
Gastrointestinal Problems
210(1)
Flulike Illnesses
211(2)
Solar Radiation Problems
213(1)
Motion Sickness
214(1)
Dental Problems
215(1)
Other Mouth Problems
216(1)
32 Gender-Specific Emergencies
217(6)
General Assessment Guidelines for Urinary and Reproductive Emergencies
217(1)
Basic Anatomy of Biological Male Genitalia
217(1)
Specific Emergencies for People with a Penis
218(1)
Basic Anatomy of Biological Female Genitalia
219(1)
Specific Emergencies for People with a Vagina
219(4)
33 Obstetrical Emergencies
223(8)
Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy
223(1)
Obstetrical Emergencies
224(1)
Normal Childbirth
225(3)
Complications of Delivery
228(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
228(3)
34 Psychological and Behavioral Emergencies
231(8)
Normal Responses to Crisis
231(1)
Critical-Incident Stress
232(1)
Basic Psychological Impairment
233(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
235(4)
Section VII: Special Concerns
35 Emergency Procedures for Outdoor Groups
239(6)
Trip Plans
239(1)
Evacuation Organization
240(2)
Managing a Lost Person Incident
242(1)
Summary
242(3)
36 Wilderness Transportation of the Sick or Injured
245(10)
Walk-Out/Ski-Out
245(1)
One-Rescuer Carries
245(2)
Two-Rescuer Carries
247(1)
Litters
248(4)
Horse Transports
252(1)
Vehicle Transports
252(1)
Summary
253(2)
37 Wilderness Medical Kits
255(6)
General Guidelines for Wilderness Medical Kits
255(1)
Specific Considerations for Wilderness Medical Kits
256(1)
Final Thoughts on Kits
257(4)
Appendixes
A Oxygen and Mechanical Aids to Breathing
261(6)
Oxygen and Respiration
261(1)
Supplemental Oxygen Safety
261(1)
The Tank
261(1)
The Regulator
261(1)
Oxygen Therapy
262(1)
Airway Maintenance
262(1)
Passive Delivery
263(1)
Positive Pressure Delivery
264(1)
Suction
264(3)
B Automated External Defibrillation
267(2)
The AED
267(1)
Operational Procedures
267(2)
C Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers
269(4)
Adult Two-Rescuer CPR
269(1)
Child and Infant CPR
269(1)
Foreign-Body Airway Obstructions
270(1)
Rescue Breathing for Children and Infants
271(2)
Glossary 273(12)
Bibliography 285(2)
Index 287(12)
About the Author 299
Buck Tilton is co-founder of the Wildernes Medicine Institute of the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS), which has become the largest school of wilderness medicine in the world. Buck has been a teacher of first aid for almost 30 years and for six of those, worked on an ambulance and volunteering in a hospital emergency rooms. He remains active, taking on assignments as a first responder in remote locations.

Buck is a regular columnist for Backpacker magazine and is also the author of Knack Knots You Need and Knack Hiking & Backpacking. His many books for FalconGuides, including the award-winning Wilderness First Responder, have sold more than 100,000 copies combined.
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