Preface to the Seventh Edition |
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v | |
Acknowledgements |
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vi | |
Authors |
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vii | |
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xxi | |
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xxiv | |
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Table of Statutory Instruments |
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xxix | |
Introduction |
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xxxi | |
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1 Introduction to Will Drafting |
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1 | (7) |
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1.1 The Constituent Elements of a Will, Including the Statutory Formalities |
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1 | (6) |
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Of What Can a Will Dispose? |
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When Does a Will Take Effect? |
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The Role of the Solicitor in Making a Will |
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Statutory Formalities for the Making of a Will |
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1.2 The Basic Elements of a Will |
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7 | (1) |
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2 Basic Elements of a Will and Mutual Wills |
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8 | (39) |
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2.1 Introduction: The Constituent Elements of a Will |
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8 | (1) |
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2.2 Name and Address of the Testator |
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8 | (1) |
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2.3 Revocation of Previous Wills |
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8 | (4) |
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Best Practice and Common Errors |
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2.4 The Appointment of Executors |
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12 | (4) |
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Best Practice and Common Errors |
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2.5 Appointment of Trustees |
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16 | (1) |
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2.6 Appointment of Guardians |
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17 | (2) |
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Best Practice and Common Errors |
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2.7 Provision for Specific or Pecuniary Bequests in the Form of Legacies/Devises |
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19 | (13) |
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Best Practice and Common Errors |
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Section 47: Property Subject to a Charge |
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Identify the Property that is the Subject of the Bequest |
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Distinction between Freehold and Leasehold Interests in Land |
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Summary of the Distinction between Different Types of Legacies |
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2.8 The Establishment of a Trust (If Required) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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Best Practice and Common Errors |
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2.10 Enabling Clauses: Advancement, Appropriation, Apportionment, Charging |
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35 | (4) |
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Clause for Executors/Trustees |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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2.13 Signature of Testator |
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39 | (1) |
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Best Practice and Common Errors |
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40 | (1) |
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2.15 Signature of Witnesses |
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40 | (1) |
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Applicable Legislation Precedent Clauses |
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2.16 Conclusion of Basic Elements |
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41 | (1) |
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Physical Condition of Will/Will Printed on Single Sheets with Writing on One Side Only |
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2.17 Precedent Will Illustrating Basic Components of a Will |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (3) |
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Application of Mutual Wills |
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Precedent Clause in Respect of Mutual Will |
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3 The Legal Personal Representative |
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47 | (20) |
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3.1 The Role of a Legal Personal Representative |
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47 | (1) |
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3.2 Who Can be Appointed an Executor? |
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47 | (4) |
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Can a Family Member be an Executor? |
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Can a Trust Corporation be Appointed as an Executor? |
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Can a Minor be an Executor? |
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Can a Charitable Body be an Executor? |
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Can a Professional be an Executor? |
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Can a Person under a Disability be an Executor? |
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Can an Unnamed Person be Appointed as an Executor? |
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3.3 How is an Executor Appointed? |
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51 | (1) |
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What is an Executor According to Tenor? |
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3.4 How Many Executors Can be Appointed? |
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51 | (1) |
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3.5 Does an Executor Have to Act? |
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51 | (4) |
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Can an Executor be Removed? |
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3.6 The Role and Duties of an Executor |
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55 | (4) |
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The Duties of an Executor |
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3.7 How to Advise an Executor of a Ward of Court |
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59 | (1) |
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3.8 The Powers of an Executor |
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60 | (7) |
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Powers of Executor Conferred by Statute |
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Powers Conferred on an Executor by Will |
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What is the Difference between the Roles of an Executor, a Trustee, and a Guardian? |
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4 Will Drafting---The Rights of Spouses/Civil Partners, Cohabitants, and Children |
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67 | (53) |
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67 | (2) |
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Taking Instructions re Spouses, Civil Partners, and Cohabitants |
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4.2 Who is a Civil Partner in Ireland? |
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69 | (2) |
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Is a Foreign Civil Partnership Recognised? |
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How Can a Civil Partner Cease to be a Civil Partner for Succession Act Purposes? |
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4.3 Spouses'/Civil Partners' Rights |
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71 | (1) |
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4.4 Death `wholly or partly testate' |
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71 | (1) |
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4.5 The Surviving Spouse's/Civil Partner's Legal Right Share |
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71 | (23) |
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What Exactly is the Legal Right Share? |
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Calculating the Legal Right Share and the Residue---Two Different Things and thus Two Different Calculations |
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The Priority of the Legal Right Share |
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Section 114 (Bequest in Addition to Legal Right Share) |
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What Choices Are Open to the Surviving Spouse/Civil Partner? |
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Limitation Periods---Enforceability of Legal Right Share |
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Section 56---Appropriation in Favour of a Surviving Spouse/Civil Partner of the Family Home |
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How Can a Surviving Spouse/Civil |
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Partner Cease to be a Surviving |
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Spouse/Civil Partner for the Purposes of the Succession Act, 1965? |
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What is the Effect on the Will/Administration of the Estate of the Surviving Spouse/Civil Partner Taking their Legal Right Share? |
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What Property Will the Court Consider in Relation to a Surviving Spouse's/Civil Partner's Legal Right Share or a Successful Application by a Child under Section 117 Or 117(3A)? |
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Section 121 of the Succession Act, 1965---Dispositions with a View to Diminishing the Estate |
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94 | (22) |
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To What is a Child Entitled? |
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What Actions can a Child Take Against an Estate? |
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The Tax Status of a Child |
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Other Legislation Relating to Children |
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116 | (4) |
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What is a `Qualified Cohabitant'? |
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What Provision can be Made for a Qualified Cohabitant on the Death of the Other? |
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What Will the Court Consider? |
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Which Parties Must the Cohabitant Notify? |
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What Can a Cohabitant Receive? |
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Cohabitant versus Surviving Spouse |
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Cohabitant versus Civil Partner |
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The Cohabitant and the Legal Personal Representative |
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Can a Cohabitant Contract Out of the Redress Scheme under the Act? |
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Can a Cohabitant `Renounce'? |
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What is the Status of Cohabitant |
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Agreements Signed before the Civil |
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Partnership Act Commenced? |
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5 Instructions, Attendance, and Execution |
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120 | (37) |
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5.1 The Difference between Taking Instructions and Drafting an Attendance |
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120 | (3) |
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The Distinction between Instructions and Attendance |
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5.2 Precedent Instruction Sheet for a Will |
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123 | (8) |
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5.3 Taking the Instruction Sheet Section by Section |
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131 | (5) |
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5.4 Taking Instructions in Special Cases |
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136 | (9) |
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Taking Instructions where the Client Is |
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Ill/In Imminent Danger of Death/In |
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Hospital or Nursing Home or Psychiatric Institution/is a Ward of Court |
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5.5 What is the Absolute Best Practice when Taking Instructions for a Will in |
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Relation to Mental Capacity? |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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5.7 Taking Instructions Regarding an Elderly Beneficiary |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Attendances Regarding Instructions |
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Attendance Regarding Execution |
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5.9 The Solicitor's Duty of Care |
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148 | (9) |
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6 Administration of Estates: Probate Practice and Procedure |
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157 | (59) |
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6.1 Introduction and Overview |
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157 | (4) |
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Steps in Administering an Estate (Pre-Grant) |
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Overview of Chapters 7 to 11 |
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Further Steps in Administering an Estate (Post-Grant) |
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General Notes on Administration of Estates |
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Stages of the Administration of an Estate |
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6.2 Immediate Tasks of the Practitioner on Notification |
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161 | (2) |
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Where Apparently There is No Will |
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Burial Directions or Other Urgent |
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6.3 Is it Necessary for the Solicitor to Extract a Grant? |
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163 | (2) |
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6.4 Where a Grant is Always Necessary |
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165 | (1) |
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Where a Grant may be Necessary Even |
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Though there are no Assets |
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The Estate of a Ward of Court |
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Distinction between Personal |
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Representatives and Trustees |
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6.5 Preparing for the Initial Interview with the Personal Representative |
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166 | (1) |
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Introduction and Issues That may Arise |
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6.6 Instruction and Progress Sheet Combining Questions Raised in the Form SA.2 |
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167 | (24) |
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General Notes on Completing the Instruction Sheet |
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Page One of the Instruction Sheet and the Form SA.2: Deceased Details |
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Executors/Administrators (Irish Assets) Cover Screen |
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Foreign Assets and Debts of the Estate |
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If the Deceased was Separated/Divorced |
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6.7 The First Meeting with the Personal Representative |
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191 | (2) |
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6.8 Initial Steps to be Taken after the First Meeting with the Personal |
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193 | (10) |
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Precedent Letter (Section 150) |
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Precedent Letter Giving Authority to Art (to Comply with Solicitors' Regulations) |
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Opening an Executor's/Administrator's |
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Letters to Establish Value of Estate |
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6.9 Statement Of Affairs (Probate) Form SA.2 |
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203 | (13) |
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General Information Re the Form SA.2 |
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Details of the Applicants |
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Property in the State Forming Part of the Estate: The Asset Cover Screen |
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Property outside the State |
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Individual Beneficiary Screen and Summary of Benefits |
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Notice of Acknowledgement (Probate) |
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7 Extracting a Grant of Probate |
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216 | (48) |
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7.1 Probate Practice Background |
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216 | (3) |
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Contentious and Non-Contentious |
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Grants of Representation Generally |
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Types of Grants of Representation |
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7.2 Extracting a Grant of Probate |
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219 | (4) |
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When does a Grant of Probate Arise? |
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7.3 Who May Apply for a Grant of Probate? |
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223 | (1) |
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Number of Proving Executors |
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7.4 Documents/Proofs Required for Grant of Probate |
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223 | (22) |
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Original Will (and Codicil if Applicable) |
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Certified Copy Will/Engrossment of Will (and Codicil if Any) |
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Statement of Affairs (Probate) Form SA.2 |
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Probate Tax Clearance Certificate |
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Affidavit of Attesting Witness or Witnesses |
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Affidavit of Due Execution |
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Affidavit of Plight and Condition |
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Affidavit of Mental or Testamentary |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Executor according to Tenor |
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Executor under Disability: Grant to a Committee of a Ward of Court |
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7.7 Other Problems with Wills and Possible Solutions |
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246 | (2) |
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Will in Pre-Printed Standard Will Form |
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Application to Prove a Will in Terms of a Copy |
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Document Referred to in a Will/Incorporation by Reference |
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7.8 Precedent Probate Application---John Smyth Deceased---Obiter 8 March 2021 |
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248 | (12) |
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Will Dated 10 August 1998 |
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Notice of Acknowledgement (Probate) |
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Grant of Probate Incorporating Probate |
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7.9 Where a Trust Corporation Acts as Executor |
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260 | (1) |
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Oath for Executor when Executor is a Trust Corporation (in this Case AIB) |
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Resolution of Bank Board Referred to in Affidavit |
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7.10 Seat Office Checklist |
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261 | (3) |
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8 Extracting a Grant of Administration Intestate |
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264 | (48) |
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264 | (1) |
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8.2 Notes on Establishing Entitlements to Grants |
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265 | (2) |
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The Interest is Determined at Date of Death |
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The Grant Follows the Interest |
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8.3 Documents Required when Applying for a Grant of Letters of Administration |
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267 | (8) |
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Oath of Administrator Intestate with the Bond |
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Part C Administration Bond |
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Auctioneer's Letter of Current Market |
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Renunciation on Intestacy |
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Specimen Renunciation on Intestacy |
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8.4 Order of Entitlement on Intestacy after 1 January 1967 |
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275 | (3) |
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Revocation of Grant of Administration |
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8.5 Per Stirpes Rule (i.e. By the Roots) |
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278 | (5) |
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Issue of a Deceased are Inheriting (Sections 67(2) and 67B(2)) |
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Where Siblings of a Deceased are Inheriting (Section 69(1)) |
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8.6 Relatives of Half-Blood and Step-Relatives (No Blood Relationship) |
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283 | (1) |
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8.7 Ascertainment of Next of Kin |
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284 | (4) |
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Chart of Intestate Succession for Deaths on or after 1 January 1967 |
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Chart of Degrees of Blood Relationship |
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8.8 Precedent Administration Intestate Application Documents |
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288 | (13) |
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Form SA.2 Summary and Notice of Acknowledgement (Probate) |
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Oath for Administatrix Incorporating |
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Letters of Administration |
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8.9 Seat Office Checklist---Grant of Administration Intestate |
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301 | (1) |
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8.10 Disclaiming on Intestacy |
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302 | (5) |
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Deeds of Disclaimer in General |
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Effect of Disclaimers on Intestacy prior to 5 May 1997 |
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Effect of Disclaimers on Intestacy after 5 May 1997 |
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Spouse Disclaiming on Intestacy |
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Direct Lineal Ancestor (e.g. Father, Grandfather) Disclaiming on Intestacy General Operation of Section 72A (Everyone Else) |
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Sample Deed of Disclaimer on Intestacy |
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Specimen Titles when Disclaiming on Intestacy |
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8.11 Status of Children Born Outside Marriage and Their Property Rights |
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307 | (5) |
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Historical and Legal Background |
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Status of Children Act, 1987: Commencement Date and Effects |
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Deaths Intestate before 14 June 1988 |
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Deaths Intestate after 14 June 1988 |
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Remoter Relationships than Parent--Child where the Applicant is Claiming through a Person Whose Parents have not Married Each Other, e.g. `Non-Marital Nephew' to Uncle |
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9 Extracting a Grant of Administration with Will Annexed |
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312 | (29) |
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9.1 Notes on Grant of Administration with Will Annexed |
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312 | (1) |
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9.2 Entitlement to Extract the Grant |
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312 | (2) |
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Who is Entitled to Extract the Grant? |
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9.3 What Proofs (Documents) are Required to Apply for the Grant? |
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314 | (6) |
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Oath for Administrator with the Will |
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Auctioneer's Letter of Current Market Value |
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9.4 Letters of Administration with Will Annexed Grants Compared with Other Grants of Representation |
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320 | (1) |
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Grant of Letters of Administration |
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321 | (1) |
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9.6 Precedent Application for a Grant of Letters of Administration with Will Annexed |
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321 | (13) |
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Notice of Acknowledgement (Probate) |
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Oath for Administrator with the Will |
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Form to be Completed Online for the Charities Regulatory Authority |
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9.7 Simultaneous Deaths (Commorientes)---Section 5 of the Succession Act |
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334 | (2) |
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9.8 Exception to Doctrine of Lapse--Section 98 of the Succession Act |
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336 | (2) |
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Three Conditions must be Satisfied for Section 98 to Apply |
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Issue may not Necessarily Benefit under |
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Distinction between Section 98 and Section 67 (Per Stirpes) |
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Does not Apply to Benefits Ceasing on the Death of the Predeceased |
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Example of Operation of Section 98 |
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9.9 Seat Office Checklist---Grant of Administration with Will Annexed |
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338 | (3) |
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10 Second and Subsequent Grants (De Bonis Non Grants) |
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341 | (24) |
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10.1 Background and Introduction to De Bonis Non Grants |
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341 | (1) |
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Distinction between De Bonis Non Grants and Revocation of Grant |
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De Bonis Non Grants and Deeds of Assent |
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10.2 How to Determine What Type of De Bonis Non Grant to Apply For |
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342 | (2) |
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Who is Entitled to Apply for the De Bonis Non Grant? |
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Where to Apply for a De Bonis Non Grant |
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10.3 Documents/Proofs Required to Extract a De Bonis Non Grant in Either Case |
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344 | (2) |
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Original or Primary Grant |
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Inland Revenue Form A3(E) or A3(C) for Deaths on or Before 5 December 2001 |
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10.4 Proofs Required for Grant of Letters of Administration with Will Annexed De Bonis Non |
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346 | (3) |
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Oath for Administrator with the Will |
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Annexed De Bonis Non Incorporating |
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Probate Engrossment or Certified Copy Will |
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Evidence of Current Market Value |
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10.5 The Administration Bond De Bonis Non |
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349 | (1) |
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Administration with Will Annexed |
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Bond De Bonis Non (for Deaths Pre-1 June 1959) |
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Administration with Will Annexed |
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Bond De Bonis Non (for Deaths between 1 June 1959 and 31 December 1966) |
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Administration Bond De Bonis Non (for Deaths Post-1 January 1967) |
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Renunciation if Appropriate |
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10.6 Documents Never Required for a Will Annexed De Bonis Non Grant |
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350 | (1) |
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10.7 Proofs Required for a Grant of Letters of Administration Intestate |
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350 | (1) |
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Sample Titles Administration Intestate |
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De Bonis Non (Deaths on or after 1 January 1967) |
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10.8 When is a De Bonis Non Grant Not Required? |
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351 | (2) |
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Applications under the Registration of Title Act, 1964 |
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Relying on the Decision in Mohan v Roche |
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10.9 Chain of Executorship |
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353 | (1) |
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10.10 Other Second or Subsequent Grants |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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Property Registration Authority Titles |
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Problems Regarding Assents |
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10.12 Precedent Application Documents for Grant of Letters of Administration |
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355 | (10) |
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Revenue Form A3(C) and CA6 |
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Primary Grant of Administration |
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Oath of Administrator Incorporating |
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Administration Bond De Bonis Non |
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Letter of Current Market Value |
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Precedent De Bonis Non Grant |
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11 Non-Contentious Applications (Either to the Probate Officer or to the Court) |
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365 | (42) |
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11.1 Practice and Procedure in Respect of Non-Contentious Matters Coming before the Probate Officer |
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365 | (11) |
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Powers of the Probate Officer |
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Orders of the Probate Officer Pursuant to Order 79 of the Rules of the Superior Courts |
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Requirements of Probate Office in Respect of Applications under Order |
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79 of the Rules of the Superior Courts |
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11.2 Revocation and Amendment of Grants |
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376 | (2) |
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Revoking and Cancelling a Grant |
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Precedent Application to Lead to Revocation of a Grant |
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11.3 Practice and Procedure in Respect of Non-Contentious Probate Matters Coming before the High Court |
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378 | (7) |
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Where Such Applications are Necessary |
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Section 27(4) of the Succession |
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Application to Prove a Will in Terms of a Copy |
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Rival Applications for a Grant of Administration |
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Leave to Presume Death on Information and Belief for the Purpose of Extracting a Grant |
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To Admit a Will to Proof by |
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Presumption as to Due Execution |
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Simultaneous Deaths---Section 5 of the Succession Act, 1965 |
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Applications for a Grant Limited for a Particular Purpose or to a Particular |
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385 | (1) |
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Who may Lodge a Caveat and What is its Effect? |
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How may a Caveat be Lodged? |
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How Long does a Caveat Last? |
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386 | (2) |
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What is a Warning and When is it |
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What is the Effect of the Warning? |
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388 | (2) |
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What is the Value of a Citation? |
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Example of a Citation in Operation |
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390 | (1) |
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Procedure for Obtaining Twenty-One-Day Order from Probate Officer---Order 79, Rule 5(3) |
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11.8 Precedent Testamentary Pleadings |
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391 | (6) |
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Citation to Introduce and Deposit a Will, and to Accept or Refuse Probate Thereof |
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397 | (10) |
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Appendix A Preparation of Wills on Word Processors |
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Appendix C Probate Office Fees |
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Appendix D Structure of the Probate Office |
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12 Administration after the Grant has Issued |
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407 | (29) |
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12.1 Introduction and Overview |
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407 | (2) |
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Re-Read the File (Especially the Will) |
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Read the Residuary Clause Carefully---Partial Intestacy |
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Dealing with a Partial Intestacy |
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12.2 Further Meeting with the Personal Representative |
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409 | (2) |
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Collection of Assets of the Estate |
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Including Noting of the Grant |
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Surviving Spouse/Civil Partner/Qualifying Cohabitee---Part IX of the Succession Act, 1965 |
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12.3 Collection of Assets of the Estate |
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411 | (8) |
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Building Society/Credit Union |
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Post Office Savings Account, Savings Certificates, and Bonds |
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Stocks and Shares (Transfer and/or Sale) insurance Policies |
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Social Welfare Old-Age Pensions |
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12.4 Payment of Liabilities (First Schedule, Parts I and II, Succession Act, 1965) |
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419 | (5) |
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Insolvent Estates Solvent Estates |
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12.5 Steps to Take Prior to Distribution of Assets |
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424 | (3) |
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Protection of Representatives |
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Section 49 Notice to Creditors |
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Protection of Purchasers And Creditors |
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427 | (4) |
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Presumption of Advancement/Resulting |
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Distinction between Real/Leasehold |
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Property and Joint Deposits |
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Taxation Consequences of Joint |
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431 | (2) |
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Non-Statutory Nominations |
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Nominations and the Legal Right Share |
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12.8 Section 72 Policies (Formerly Known as `Section 60 Policies') |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (3) |
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Valuation for Appropriation Purposes |
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13 Beneficiaries Including: Spouses/Civil Partners, Cohabitants, and Children of the Deceased |
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436 | (16) |
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436 | (1) |
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13.2 Dealing with Beneficiaries in General |
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436 | (5) |
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Beneficiary under Disability |
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13.3 Communication with Beneficiaries |
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441 | (1) |
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13.4 Summary of Guidelines for Dealing with Beneficiaries in Any Estate |
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441 | (1) |
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13.5 Spouses, Civil partners, Cohabitants, and Children |
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442 | (1) |
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13.6 Testate Estates and the Spouse/Civil Partner's Legal Right Share |
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443 | (5) |
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Priority of Legal Right of Spouse/Civil |
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Right to Elect between Legal Right |
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Share and Bequest under Will Where |
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The Testator Died Wholly Testate |
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Right to Elect between Legal Right |
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Share and Bequest under Will Where |
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The Testator Died Partially Intestate |
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Distinction between the Legal Right |
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Share and the Right to Elect |
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13.7 Right of Spouse/Civil Partner to Appropriate Dwellinghouse and Contents |
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448 | (1) |
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Effect Of Section 56 On Beneficiary Of |
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449 | (3) |
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Section 63: Advancements to Children to be Brought into Account |
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Non-Marital Children and the Status of Children Act, 1987 |
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14 Obligations, Duties, and Claims on the Estate |
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452 | (15) |
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452 | (2) |
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`Conditional' Undertakings or Letters on which a Third Party Might Rely |
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Discharge from Undertaking |
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14.2 Interest and `Negative Interest'/Bank Charges |
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454 | (1) |
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The `Executor's Year' Exceptions to the `Executor's Year' |
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14.3 Section 339 of the Social Welfare (Consolidation) Act, 2005 (Liability of Personal Representative) |
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455 | (2) |
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Obligation on Personal Representative to Inform Minister |
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Personal Liability of Personal |
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14.4 Nursing Home Support Scheme `Fair Deal' |
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457 | (1) |
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14.5 Statutory Notice to Creditors (Section 49 Notice) |
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458 | (1) |
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Precedent Statutory Notice to Creditors |
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459 | (1) |
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Precedent Letter to Residuary Legatee/Intestate Successor |
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Precedent Receipt and Indemnity |
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14.7 Taxation Obligations |
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460 | (7) |
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The Non Principal Private Residence (NPPR) Charge |
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15 Distributing the Estate, Vesting of Property, and Finalising Matters |
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467 | (30) |
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467 | (1) |
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467 | (6) |
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Where the Personal Representative is Also the Beneficiary |
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Assent Subject to a Charge |
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Memorials of Assent/Application Form 1 |
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15.3 Deeds of Family Arrangement |
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473 | (5) |
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Introduction and Overview |
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A Deed of Family Arrangement |
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Precedent Deed of Family Arrangement |
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Transactions between Spouses/Civil |
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All Voluntary Dispositions |
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478 | (2) |
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What is the Effect of a Disclaimer? |
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What is the Effect of Disclaimers on the Right to Extract a Grant? |
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Capital Acquisitions Tax and Disclaimers |
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480 | (1) |
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Section 47 (Charges on Property) |
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481 | (1) |
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Exceptions to the Doctrine of Lapse |
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481 | (2) |
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15.8 Administration Accounts |
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483 | (7) |
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Purpose and Type of Accounts |
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Precedent Set of Administration |
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490 | (4) |
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Claims by Beneficiaries against the Estate |
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Actions by the Estate to Recover Land |
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Belonging to the Deceased |
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15.10 Time Limits and Periods of Notice |
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|
494 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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497 | (6) |
Index |
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503 | |