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Withdrawing from Iraq: Alternative Schedules, Associated Risks, and Mitigating Strategies [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 206 pages, height x width x depth: 257x181x12 mm, weight: 435 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Oct-2009
  • Izdevniecība: RAND
  • ISBN-10: 0833047728
  • ISBN-13: 9780833047724
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 206 pages, height x width x depth: 257x181x12 mm, weight: 435 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Oct-2009
  • Izdevniecība: RAND
  • ISBN-10: 0833047728
  • ISBN-13: 9780833047724
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
In studying the withdrawal from Iraq, RAND assessed logistical constraints, trends in insurgent activity, the readiness of Iraqi security forces, and implications for the size of the residual U.S. force and for security in Iraq and the region. This report presents alternative schedules: one consistent with the Obama administration1s intentions, one somewhat slower, and another faster. It also identifies steps to alleviate constraints and risks.
Preface iii
Figures
xi
Tables
xiii
Summary xv
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Abbreviations xxxvii
Introduction
1(6)
The Purpose of This Report
2(1)
Why Three Alternatives?
2(1)
The Effects of the Drawdown
3(1)
Methodology
3(2)
About This Report
5(2)
Drawdown Scheduling
7(22)
Ending the Combat Mission in Iraq
8(1)
Iraqi Security Forces
9(1)
U.S. Military Forces in Iraq
10(1)
Sequencing the Withdrawal of U.S. Combat and Support Forces
11(1)
Implementation and the Rotation Schedule
12(1)
The Security Agreement Referendum
12(1)
Three Alternatives
13(3)
Rationale
14(1)
Defining the Alternatives
15(1)
Combat Units Depart by April 30, 2010
16(3)
Planning
16(1)
ISF Support
16(1)
Security
17(1)
Leaving Iraq
18(1)
Unforeseen Contingencies
18(1)
Mitigation Measures
18(1)
Mission of U.S. Forces Changes After August 2010
19(3)
Planning
20(1)
ISF Support
20(1)
Security
21(1)
Leaving Iraq
21(1)
Unforeseen Contingencies
22(1)
Implications of This Alternative
22(1)
Maintain Combat and Noncombat Units Through December 2011
22(3)
Planning
23(1)
ISF Support
23(1)
Security
24(1)
Leaving Iraq
24(1)
Unforeseen Contingencies
24(1)
Implications of This Alternative
25(1)
Conclusion
25(4)
Shortfalls in the Iraqi Armed Forces' Capability Beyond 2011
26(3)
Logistics Factors and Constraints Affecting the Drawdown
29(22)
Drawdown Processes
30(7)
Planning the Redeployment of a Unit
31(1)
Moving U.S. Military Personnel Out of the Region
31(1)
Moving Military Vehicles from the Region
32(4)
Base Closure
36(1)
Methodology
37(5)
Assessment of U.S. Military Personnel Movement Capacity
38(1)
Assessment of Convoy Capacity for Military Vehicles and Unit Equipment
38(2)
Assessment of Staging and Washrack Capacity
40(1)
Assessment of Customs and Agricultural Inspection Capacity
40(1)
Assessment of Sterile Lot Capacity and Disposition Instructions
41(1)
Assessment of Port and Shipping Capacity
41(1)
Assessment of Base Closure or Transfer Time
42(1)
Overall ``Baseline'' Findings
42(1)
Mitigating Logistics Risks or Improving Drawdown Capabilities
43(6)
Affecting Capacity
44(2)
Reducing Demand on Convoys and on Base Closure or Transfer Time
46(1)
Shifting Demand to Alternative Redeployment Modes---Convoy Substitutes
47(2)
Conclusion
49(2)
Internal Security and Stability
51(28)
The Role of the MNF-I in Promoting Internal Security
54(1)
Dangers
54(13)
Extremists
56(1)
Mainstream Armed Opposition Groups
57(6)
Politicized Iraqi Security Forces
63(3)
The Impact of a Weakened Economy
66(1)
Summary of Dangers
66(1)
Security Needs That Will Remain Unment After Full U.S. Military Withdrawal
67(4)
Direct Threats to U.S. Personnel
71(4)
Extremists
71(2)
Main Opposition Groups
73(1)
A Summary of Potential Threats to U.S. Forces and Personnel
74(1)
An Assessment of Drawdown Options in Light of Dangers to Iraq's Security and U.S. Personnel
75(4)
Regional Effects
79(20)
Iran
81(5)
Overt Iranian Military Intervention
82(1)
Covert Iranian Actions and Links to Regional Proxies
82(1)
The Counterweights of Arab Nationalism and Iraqi Shi'ism
83(1)
Iraqis Avoid Provoking Iran
83(1)
Iranian Levers of Influence in Iraq
84(2)
Saudi Arabia
86(4)
Risks to Saudi Arabia from the New Iraq
87(2)
Saudi Levers of Influence
89(1)
Syria
90(3)
Syrian Interests in Iraq
91(1)
Instruments of Syrian Influence in Iraq
91(1)
The Degree of Syrian Intervention in Iraq
92(1)
Turkey
93(2)
Israel
95(1)
Effects of the Drawdown on Iraq's Relations with Regional Powers
96(3)
Serious Challenges Remain
96(1)
Military Intervention by Iraq's Neighbors
96(1)
The Importance of the Political Process
97(1)
The View from Iraq's Neighbors
97(1)
The Possibility of Heightened U.S.-Iranian Tensions
97(2)
Risk Mitigation
99(18)
The Iraqi Security Forces
99(3)
Risk
100(1)
Mitigating Measures
101(1)
Creeping Authoritarianism
102(1)
Risk
102(1)
Mitigating Measures
103(1)
The Arab-Kurdish Conflict
103(3)
Risk
104(1)
Mitigating Measures
104(2)
Turkish Incursion into Northern Iraq
106(1)
Risk
106(1)
Mitigating Measures
106(1)
Iranian Subversion of the Iraqi Government
106(1)
Risk
106(1)
Mitigating Measures
107(1)
A Return to Violence by the Sons of Iraq
107(1)
Risk
107(1)
Mitigating Measures
108(1)
Detainees
108(1)
Risk
108(1)
Mitigating Measures
108(1)
Vulnerable Groups, Internally Displaced Persons, and Refugees
109(4)
Risk
110(1)
Mitigating Measures
111(2)
The Referendum on the Security Agreement
113(4)
Risk
114(1)
Mitigating Measures
114(3)
Conclusion
117(36)
Major Findings
117(2)
Drawdown Timelines
117(1)
Arab-Kurdish Armed Conflict
117(1)
Iran
118(1)
The Iraqi Security Forces
118(1)
Reconciliation and Development
118(1)
Recommendations
119(2)
Arab-Kurdish Conflict
119(1)
Iranian Subversion
119(1)
A Return to Violence by the Sons of Iraq
120(1)
Iraqi Security Forces
120(1)
APPENDIXES
The Study's Legislative Background
121(2)
Drawdown of Remaining Forces
123(12)
Economic and Advisory Issues Involved in a Drawdown of U.S. Forces from Iraq
135(18)
Bibliography 153