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World of Crime: Breaking the Silence on Problems of Security, Justice and Development Across the World [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 456 pages, height x width: 231x187 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Feb-2008
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1412956781
  • ISBN-13: 9781412956789
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  • Cena: 175,66 €
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World of Crime: Breaking the Silence on Problems of Security, Justice and Development Across the WorldPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 456 pages, height x width: 231x187 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Feb-2008
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1412956781
  • ISBN-13: 9781412956789
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781412956789.html
Keywords:

"This book is important for students who want to put domestic crime and justice issues and criminological theories in an international perspective....It is more than likely that this book will also interest all those who are professionally or privately interested in issues of crime, corruption, terrorism, law enforcement, criminal justice and sustainable development."

-Johnson Thomas, BUSINESS INDIA



In today's interdependent world, governments must become more transparent about their crime and justice problems. The World of Crime: Breaking the Silence on Problems of Security, Justice and Development Across the World seeks to break the “conspiracy of silence” regarding statistical information on these sensitive issues. It subsequently analyzes the macro causes of crime such as rapid urbanization, economic inequality, gender discrimination, abuse of alcohol, and drugs and availability of guns. Furthermore, the book analyzes the impact of crime on individuals and societies. Using a wealth of statistical information, the author underlines the need of greater international efforts to tackle transnational problems of crime.

Key Features

  • Presents 13 chapters, which are organized in 4 main parts, that cover measurement challenges, common crimes, emerging global crimes, criminal justice, and international perspectives on crime and justice
  • Contains statistical data taken from 2005 International Crime Victim Surveys
  • Includes high quality figures such as scatter plots, graphs, and maps
  • Features summary reviews and figure footnotes at the ends of each chapter

Intended Audience: The book is intended as a supplementary text for introduction to criminology, criminal justice, and comparative justice courses and is also appropriate for those professionally interested in security, criminal justice and development.

Recenzijas

"This book is important for students who want to put domestic crime and justice issues and criminological theories in an international perspective....It is more than likely that this book will also interest all those who are professionally or privately interested in issues of crime, corruption, terrorism, law enforcement, criminal justice and sustainable development." -- Johnson Thomas * BUSINESS INDIA *

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xvii
PART I The Challenge of Measuring Crime Internationally 1
1. The Need for Better Crime Diagnostics
3
The Uses of International Crime Statistics
3
International Crime Statistics: The Sorry State of the Art
4
Crime as a Social Construct
6
International Crime Statistics as Controversial Knowledge
7
Twenty Years of Thwarted Efforts
8
ICVS: Bringing the Bad News
10
Breaking the Silence
12
Summary Points/In Conclusion
13
2. Mismeasuring Crime: A Technical Note With Far-Reaching Implications
15
International Crime Figures Available
15
A Crime Is a Crime?
16
Recording Practices of the Police
17
Reporting Patterns
18
The Breakthrough of Crime Victimization Surveys
19
Victim Satisfaction and Trust Levels
23
The More Recorded Crime, the Less Crime?
24
Police-Recorded Crime and Victimization Rates Compared
26
Other Uses of Police-Recorded Crime Statistics
33
Police Figures as Trend Indicators
34
A Moratorium on International Police Figures?
37
The Political Context of Crime Surveying
40
Summary Points/In Conclusion
41
PART II Common Crimes Across the World 45
3. The Burden of Property Crime
47
Introducing the ICVS
47
Overall Levels of Crime
49
Other Measures of the Crime Burden
53
Burglary
54
Theft and Frauds
57
Consumer Fraud
59
Car Crimes
60
Car Theft and Joyriding
61
Car Hijacking
63
Robbery
64
Kidnapping
66
The Heavy Crime Burden of the Business Sector
68
Costs for Businesses
70
Summary Points/In Conclusion
71
4. Patterns of Violent Crime
75
Homicide
75
National Homicide Rates
77
Assault
78
Hate Crimes in Western Europe
80
Sexual Assault/Rape
82
Violence Against Women Revisited
85
Toward Further Standardization
87
Child Abuse and the Cycle of Violence
87
Summary Points/In Conclusion
88
5. Determinants of Common Crimes
91
Comparative Perspectives
91
Urbanization and Crime
92
Regional Patterns and Future Trends of Urbanization
94
Demographics and Crime
95
Future Demographic Trends
97
Affluence and Crime
98
Mass Transportation and Crime
99
Patterns of Vehicle Theft at Second Sight
101
More Affluence, Less Crime?
102
Development and Crime Revisited
104
Correlates of Violence
104
Poverty and Inequality
105
Criminal Victimization and Gender Inequality
105
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
107
Alcohol Abuse and Violence
109
Trends in Alcohol Consumption
111
Availability of Guns
112
Firearms and Violent Crime
113
Guns and Violence in Developing Countries
117
Summary Points/In Conclusion
119
6. Global Trends and Regional Profiles
123
Global Trends in Common Crimes
123
European Trends in Focus
126
Trends in Police-Recorded Crimes
127
Explaining the Drop in Crime
128
Responsive Securitization and the Drop in Crime
129
Security Measures and Trends in Burglary Victimization Rates
133
Security Measures and Trends in Car Theft and Joyriding
134
The Growing North–South Security Divide
135
The Asian Exception
136
Crime and Conflict
136
Latin America: The Price of Democracy
138
Summary Points/In Conclusion
139
PART III Emerging Global Crime Threats 143
7. Assessing Organized Crime I
I45
The New Crime Threats
145
Defining Organized Crime
146
The Changing Nature of Organized Crime
147
Illicit Markets
148
The Pressure to Measure
150
Victimization Surveys Among the Business Community About Organized Crime
151
Toward an Organized-Crime Perception Index
154
Other "Markers" of Organized-Crime Presence
157
Instrumental Violence
157
The Organized-Crime–Corruption Complex
159
Money Laundering and the Black Economy
161
Composite Organized-Crime Index
162
Country Scores
164
Fifteen Countries With the Highest Scores
164
Trends in Organized Crime
167
Participation of National Organized-Crime Groups in Specific Criminal Markets
168
Trafficking in Persons
170
Organized Car Theft
172
The Intercorrelates of Crime
173
Tentative Transnational Responses
173
The U.S. Report on Trafficking in Persons
176
Summary Points/In Conclusion
178
8. Other Global Security Threats: Corruption, Terrorism, and Cybercrime
181
Defining Corruption
181
Corruption Indicators: Perceptions and Experiences
182
Assessing the Merits of Objective and Subjective Indicators
185
Corruption Victimizations in the Corporate World
187
Business Crime Surveys
189
Patterns and Trends in Terrorist Crimes
190
The Incidence of Terrorism
192
Trends in Terrorism
192
Correlates of Terrorism
193
Terrorism and Organized Crime
194
Cybercrime: Trends in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Crimes
196
Computer-Facilitated Crime
197
Internet-Based Fraud and Credit-Card Fraud
198
No Asian Exception
199
Computers, Organized Crime, and Terrorism
200
Summary Points/In Conclusion
201
PART IV International Trends in Criminal Justice 205
9. Law Enforcement, Crime Prevention, and Victim Assistance
207
Trends in Criminal Justice Resources
207
Allocation of Resources to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
208
Human Resources for Police and Private Security
211
Police Workloads
214
The Private Security Industry
215
Trends in Private Policing
217
More Police, Less Crime?
219
Homicide Conviction Rates as a Performance Measure
219
Toward a Composite Index for Police Performance
221
Resources, Performance, and Integrity
223
Victim Empowerment and Support
225
Victim Reception by the Police
226
Trends in Victim Satisfaction
228
Victim Support Services
230
Implementing the UN Victims Declaration
232
International Best Practices in Crime Prevention
234
Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime
235
Evidence-Based Approaches
238
Planning and Implementation
240
Summary Points/In Conclusion
243
10. Courts and Sentencing
245
Judges and Magistrates
245
Gender Balance in the Courts
247
Perceived Independence and Integrity of the Judiciary
248
Toward an International Code of Conduct for Judges
252
Public Attitudes Toward Sentencing
253
Summary Points/In Conclusion
256
11. Corrections: A Global Perspective
257
Trends in Imprisonment Rates
257
National Prison Populations
258
Expanding Use of Imprisonment
259
Interpreting Imprisonment Rates
260
Costs and Limits of Imprisonment
261
The Search for Alternatives
264
Benchmarking Imprisonment Rates
265
An Index of Punitiveness
270
Summary Points/In Conclusion
271
PART V International Perspectives on Crime and Justice 275
12. Security, Rule of Law, and Sustainable Development
277
Introductory Remarks
277
Legal Institutions and the Level of Complex Crime
278
Organized Crime and the Rule of Law
280
Rule of Law and Terrorism
282
Trafficking in Persons and Police Performance
284
Good Governance and Development
286
Good Governance, Development, and the Role of Crime
288
Organized Crime as a Trojan Horse
290
Vicious Crimino-Economic Circles
293
Summary Points/In Conclusion
294
13. Crime and Justice: The Need for Global Reform
299
Diagnosing Crime
299
A Culture of Lawfulness
299
Cross-Validating the Index
301
Country Profiles at a Glance
303
Crime Alert
303
Costs of Crime: The Global Crime Bill
305
Lawfulness and Human Development
306
The North–South "Security Divide"
307
The "Justice Deficit"
310
Security and Justice Reform First
311
The UN Millennium Development Goals
317
A More Secure World
318
Appendix A Data Sources 321
International Crime Victim Surveys (ICVS)
321
Methodology
322
Definitions
324
Technical Note on ICVS Data Presentation
324
The International Crime Business Survey (ICBS)
326
The International Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS)
331
The United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems
331
Some Other Technical Matters
332
Method for Constructing Composite Indices
332
Method for Constructing Scatterplots
332
Method for Constructing Bar Charts
332
Appendix B Data Tables 341
References 413
Index 429
About the Author 435


Jan Van Dijk has a degree in law and a PhD in criminology. He is a former policy director at the Dutch Ministry of Justice, professor in criminology at Leiden University and officer in charge of the crime prevention program of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Vienna. He currently holds the Pieter van Vollenhoven Chair in Victimology and Human Security at the International Victimology Institute Tilburg (INTERVICT), The Netherlands. He is a member of the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) of the Council of Europe. In 1987 he initiated the International Crime Victims Survey. He supervised the ICVSs five subsequent rounds of implementation, covering over 80 countries in all world regions. He acts as consultant of Eurostat in the design of the European Safety Survey, to be conducted in all EU member states in 2013.

He has over the years published extensively on crime statistics, the prevention of crime and victim assistance in books and peer reviewed journals as well as in literary magazines and the popular press. One his latest books is a monography on international statistics on crime and criminal justice The World of Crime (Sage, 2007). He is a past president of the World Society of Victimology and member of the American and European Societies of Criminology. In 2012 he was awarded the Stockholm Prize in Criminology for his continued leadership in the conduct of the International Crime Victims Survey over a period of 25 years.