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Wormlike Micelles: Advances in Systems, Characterisation and Applications [Hardback]

Edited by (Sichuan University, China), Edited by (King's College London, UK)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 428 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 799 g, 200 Illustrations, color
  • Sērija : Soft Matter Series Volume 6
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Mar-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-10: 178262516X
  • ISBN-13: 9781782625162
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Wormlike Micelles: Advances in Systems, Characterisation and ApplicationsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 428 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 799 g, 200 Illustrations, color
  • Sērija : Soft Matter Series Volume 6
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Mar-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-10: 178262516X
  • ISBN-13: 9781782625162
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781782625162.html
Wormlike micelles are elongated flexible self-assembled structures created from the aggregation of amphiphiles and their resulting dynamic networks have gained attention for a number of uses, particularly in the oil industry.



Written by experts, Wormlike Micelles describes the latest developments in the field providing an authoritative guide on the subject. The book starts with an introductory chapter giving an overview of the area and then looks at the three key topics of new wormlike micelle systems, characterization and applications. New systems covered in the first part include reverse wormlike micelles and stimuli-responsive wormlike micelles. The second part explores cutting-edge techniques that have led to advances in the understanding of their structure and dynamics, including direct imaging techniques and the combination of rheology with small-angle neutron scattering techniques. Finally, the book reviews their use in oil and gas well treatments as well as surfactant drag reducing solutions.



Aimed at postgraduate students and researchers, this text is essential reading for anyone interested in soft matter systems.
Chapter 1 Wormlike Micelles: An Introduction
1(8)
Cecile A. Dreiss
1.1 Why Do Wormlike Micelles Form?
1(2)
1.2 Which Surfactants Form Wormlike Micelles?
3(1)
1.3 Key Structural Parameters
3(1)
1.4 Linear Rheology of Wormlike Micelles
4(2)
1.5 Conclusions and Outlook
6(3)
References
7(2)
Chapter 2 Wormlike Micelles: Solutions, Gels, or Both?
9(22)
Srinivasa R. Raghavan
Yujun Feng
2.1 A Brief History of Wormlike Micelles and Their Viscoelasticity
9(3)
2.2 Comparing Wormlike Micelles and Polymers
12(4)
2.3 Definition of a Gel
16(1)
2.4 Wormlike Micelles of Long-tailed Surfactants: Gel-like Behavior
17(5)
2.5 Why do Certain Wormlike Micelles Form a Gel?
22(2)
2.6 Can a Gel Be Formed by "Entanglements" Alone?
24(2)
2.7 Conclusions
26(5)
References
26(5)
Chapter 3 Reverse Wormlike Micelles: A Special Focus on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations
31(32)
Ruggero Angelico
Sergio Murgia
Gerardo Palazzo
3.1 Introduction
31(2)
3.2 Wormlike Micelles and Microemulsions: Basic Background
33(3)
3.3 Microstructure and Dynamics from NMR Techniques
36(8)
3.3.1 Probing Molecular Motion with PFG-NMR
36(5)
3.3.2 Rheo-NMR
41(3)
3.4 General Properties of Lecithin Reverse Wormlike Micelles
44(1)
3.5 Lecithin Reverse Wormlike Micelles in Cyclohexane: Disconnected Worms
45(6)
3.6 Lecithin Wormlike Micelles in Isooctane: Living Networks
51(4)
3.7 Disconnected vs. Connected Reverse Wormlike Micelles: Rheology
55(3)
3.8 Conclusions
58(5)
Acknowledgements
59(1)
References
59(4)
Chapter 4 Unusual Surfactants
63(40)
Marcelo A. da Silva
Cecile A. Dreiss
4.1 Introduction
63(1)
4.2 Biological Building Blocks
64(12)
4.2.1 Amphiphilic Peptides
64(8)
4.2.2 Nucleolipids
72(2)
4.2.3 Lipopolysaccharides
74(1)
4.2.4 Saponins
74(2)
4.3 Gemini Surfactants
76(9)
4.3.1 Synergy in Mixtures
79(2)
4.3.2 Pseudo-gemini
81(2)
4.3.3 Trimeric Surfactants
83(2)
4.4 Ionic Liquids
85(4)
4.4.1 Ionic Liquids as a Solvent
85(1)
4.4.2 Ionic Liquids as a Surfactant
86(3)
4.5 Fluorosurfactants
89(1)
4.6 Surfactants with Ultra-long Alkyl Chain (C22)
90(3)
4.7 Conclusion and Outlook
93(10)
References
94(9)
Chapter 5 Self-assembled Networks Formed by Wormlike Micelles and Nanoparticles
103(18)
Olga E. Philippova
5.1 Introduction
103(1)
5.2 Interaction of Wormlike Micelles with Nanoparticles
104(2)
5.3 Phase Behavior
106(2)
5.4 Structure
108(1)
5.5 Tuning Rheology with Nanoparticles
109(6)
5.5.1 Dilute Solutions
109(1)
5.5.2 Semi-dilute Solutions
109(6)
5.6 Imparting New Functional Properties by Nanoparticles
115(3)
5.6.1 Magnetic Properties
115(1)
5.6.2 Plasmonic Properties
116(2)
5.7 Conclusions and Perspectives
118(3)
Acknowledgements
118(1)
References
119(2)
Chapter 6 Stimulus-responsive Wormlike Micelles
121(50)
Yujun Feng
Zonglin Chu
Cecile A. Dreiss
6.1 Overview and Scope
121(1)
6.2 Thermoresponsive Wormlike Micelles
122(8)
6.2.1 Thermo-thickening Non-ionic Wormlike Micelles
122(2)
6.2.2 Thermo-thickening Cationic Wormlike Micelles
124(2)
6.2.3 Thermo-thickening Anionic Wormlike Micelles
126(1)
6.2.4 Thermo-thickening Zwitterionic Wormlike Micelles
127(1)
6.2.5 Wormlike Micelles with Thermo-induced "Sol--Gel" Transition
128(2)
6.3 pH-responsive Wormlike Micelles
130(9)
6.3.1 pH-responsive Wormlike Micelles Based on Zwitterionic Surfactants
130(2)
6.3.2 pH-responsive Wormlike Micelles Formed by "Cationic Surfactant + Acid" Pairs
132(2)
6.3.3 pH-responsive Wormlike Micelles Based on Anionic Surfactants
134(1)
6.3.4 pH-responsive Wormlike Micelles Based on "Pseudo" Non-covalent Bonds
135(4)
6.4 Redox-responsive Wormlike Micelles
139(3)
6.5 Photoresponsive Wormlike Micelles
142(7)
6.5.1 Light-responsive Wormlike Micelles Formed by a Surfactant + a Light Responser
142(7)
6.5.2 Photoresponsive Wormlike Micelles Formed by Photosensitive Surfactant
149(1)
6.6 CO2-responsive Wormlike Micelles
149(10)
6.6.1 CO2-switchable Wormlike Micelles Based on Pseudo-gemini Surfactants
150(4)
6.6.2 CO2-switchable Wormlike Micelles Based on a Long-chain Fatty Acid + CO2-responser
154(2)
6.6.3 CO2-switchable Wormlike Micelles Based on a Single Ultra-long-chain Amine
156(3)
6.7 Multistimulus-responsive Wormlike Micelles
159(3)
6.8 Conclusions and Outlook
162(9)
Acknowledgements
162(1)
References
162(9)
Chapter 7 Direct-imaging Cryo-transmission Electron Microscopy of Wormlike Micelles
171(22)
Ellina Kesselman
Dganit Danino
7.1 Fundamental Aspects of Cryo-transmission Electron Microscopy
171(6)
7.1.1 Thermal Fixation and Vitrification
171(1)
7.1.2 Preparation of Vitrified Specimens
172(4)
7.1.3 Direct Imaging and Low Dose
176(1)
7.2 Seeing Micelles with Direct-imaging Cryo-TEM
177(11)
7.2.1 Cryo-TEM of Branched Micelles and the Origin of the Viscosity Peak
177(6)
7.2.2 Highlights from Recent Literature on Cryo-TEM of Wormlike Micelles
183(5)
7.3 Summary
188(5)
Acknowledgements
189(1)
References
189(4)
Chapter 8 New Insights from Rheo-small-angle Neutron Scattering
193(43)
Michelle A. Calabrese
Norman J. Wagner
8.1 Introduction
193(1)
8.2 Rheo-SANS Sample Environments
194(4)
8.2.1 Rheo-SANS in the 1--3 (Flow--Vorticity) Shear Plane
194(2)
8.2.2 Rheo-SANS in the 2--3 (Gradient--Vorticity) Shear Plane
196(1)
8.2.3 Flow-SANS in the 1--2 (Flow--Gradient) Shear Plane
197(1)
8.2.4 Non-standard Flows and Geometries Studied with SANS
197(1)
8.3 Analysis of Microstructural Rearrangements Using SANS
198(2)
8.4 Summary of Rheo-SANS Systems and Literature
200(1)
8.5 Steady Shear, Shear Startup, and Shear Cessation Studied via Rheo-SANS
201(18)
8.5.1 Dilute Wormlike Micelle Solutions
201(5)
8.5.2 Semi-dilute Wormlike Micelle Solutions
206(8)
8.5.3 Concentrated Wormlike Micelle Solutions Near the I--N Transition
214(5)
8.6 LAOS Rheo-SANS
219(6)
8.6.1 Wormlike Micelle Solutions: CPyCl, CTAT/SDBS, PB--PEO Block Copolymers
221(1)
8.6.2 1--3 Plane Rheo-SANS LAOS Measurements
221(2)
8.6.3 1--2 Plane Shear-cell Examinations of Shear Banding Under LAOS
223(2)
8.6.4 Summary
225(1)
8.7 Results from Non-standard Flow Cells
225(2)
8.8 Outlook
227(9)
Acknowledgements
228(1)
References
228(8)
Chapter 9 Microfluidic Flows and Confinement of Wormlike Micelles
236(43)
Simon J. Howard
Amy Q. Shen
9.1 Introduction
236(3)
9.2 Shear Flows of Wormlike Micelles in Microfluidics
239(8)
9.2.1 Background
239(3)
9.2.2 Interfacial Instabilities and Shear Localizations of Wormlike Micelles
242(3)
9.2.3 Microfluidic Rheometry of Wormlike Micelles in Rectilinear Channels
245(2)
9.3 Extensional Flows of Wormlike Micelles in Microfluidics
247(14)
9.3.1 Background
247(1)
9.3.2 Microfluidic Stagnation Point Extensional Flows
248(9)
9.3.3 Contraction and Expansion Flows
257(4)
9.4 Wormlike Micelles in Complex Mixed Flow Fields
261(6)
9.4.1 Flow-induced Structures in Mixed Flows
263(4)
9.5 Outlook and Perspectives
267(12)
References
269(10)
Chapter 10 Progress in Computer Simulations of Wormlike Micellar Fluids
279(19)
Edo S. Boek
10.1 Introduction
279(2)
10.2 Unusual Surfactants
281(6)
10.2.1 Peptide Amphiphiles
281(4)
10.2.2 Saponins
285(1)
10.2.3 Gemini and Oligomeric Surfactants
285(2)
10.3 Mechanical and Flow Properties of Wormlike Micelles
287(2)
10.4 Reverse Micelles
289(1)
10.5 Wormlike Micelles and Nanoparticles
290(2)
10.6 Microfluidic Flows
292(4)
10.7 Conclusion
296(2)
Acknowledgements
297(1)
References
297(1)
Chapter 11 New Insights into the Formation of Wormlike Micelles: Kinetics and Thermodynamics
298(32)
Edvaldo Sabadini
Karl Jan Clinckspoor
11.1 Introduction
298(1)
11.2 Wormlike Micelles from a Molecular Point of View
299(11)
11.3 Thermodynamic Considerations
310(11)
11.4 Kinetic Considerations
321(4)
11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
325(5)
Acknowledgements
326(1)
References
327(3)
Chapter 12 Applications of Wormlike Micelles in the Oilfield Industry
330(23)
Philip F. Sullivan
Mohan K. R. Panga
Valerie Lafitte
12.1 Introduction
330(1)
12.2 Viscoelastic Fluids from Wormlike Micelles
331(1)
12.3 Representative Surfactant Chemistries Used in the Oil Field
332(2)
12.3.1 Cationic Surfactants
332(1)
12.3.2 Anionic Surfactants
333(1)
12.3.3 Zwitterionic Surfactants
333(1)
12.4 Characteristics and Advantages of Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluids
334(1)
12.4.1 Operational Simplicity
334(1)
12.4.2 Ability to Reform After Exposure to High Shear
335(1)
12.5 Effective Drag Reduction
335(2)
12.5.1 Particle Suspension and Transport
336(1)
12.5.2 Clean-up
337(1)
12.6 Applications in Upstream Operations
337(8)
12.6.1 Fracturing Fluids
338(1)
12.6.2 Matrix Acidizing and Acid Fracturing
339(4)
12.6.3 Wellbore Fill Removal
343(1)
12.6.4 Sand Control and Gravel Packing
344(1)
12.7 Incorporation of Nano-additives with Wormlike Micelles
345(3)
12.8 Conclusions
348(5)
References
349(4)
Chapter 13 Turbulent Drag-reduction Applications of Surfactant Solutions
353(26)
Jacques L. Zakin
Andrew J. Maxson
Takashi Saeki
Phillip F. Sullivan
13.1 Introduction and Background
353(3)
13.1.1 History
353(1)
13.1.2 Degradation of High Molecular Weight Polymer Drag-reducing Additives
354(1)
13.1.3 Surfactant Drag-reducing Additives
354(1)
13.1.4 Maximum Drag-reduction Asymptotes
355(1)
13.2 Oilfield Applications
356(6)
13.2.1 Outline
356(1)
13.2.2 Significance of Surfactant Drag Reducers in Oilfield Applications
357(1)
13.2.3 Benefits and Advantages of Surfactant Drag Reducers
357(1)
13.2.4 Large-scale Measurements and Scale-up Relations
358(4)
13.2.5 Oilfield Applications---Summary and Conclusions
362(1)
13.3 Heating and Cooling Systems
362(10)
13.3.1 Early Field Tests
362(2)
13.3.2 Applications for Heating and Cooling Systems in Japan
364(6)
13.3.3 Problems in Practical Use
370(2)
13.4 Other Possible Applications
372(1)
13.5 Conclusions
373(6)
References
373(6)
Chapter 14 Process Flow of Wormlike Micelle Solutions in Simple and Complex Geometries
379(20)
William Hartt
Lori Bacca
Emilio Tozzi
14.1 Introduction
379(2)
14.2 Experimental Materials, Properties, and Apparatus
381(6)
14.2.1 Materials
381(1)
14.2.2 Rheological Properties
382(1)
14.2.3 Experimental Apparatus for Flow Experiments
383(4)
14.3 Results for Simple Flows---Comparison of Viscosity Derived from Velocity Profiles to Rotational Viscometry
387(5)
14.3.1 Velocity Profile Imaging Using NMR
387(2)
14.3.2 Slip Measurements and Model
389(3)
14.4 Results for Complex Flows---Models for Flow in Static Mixers
392(4)
14.4.1 Static Mixer Models
393(1)
14.4.2 Viscosity Models and Fits to Experimental Data
394(1)
14.4.3 Comparison of Static Mixer Models to Experimental Data
395(1)
14.5 Conclusions
396(3)
References
397(2)
Subject Index 399
Céile A. Dreiss is a Senior Lecturer in the Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kings College London, UK. Her research focuses on understanding and exploiting self-assembly in soft matter, spanning colloidal, polymeric and biological systems, by establishing relationships between properties on the macro-scale (bulk behaviour or functionality) and the organization at the nanoscale. She uses neutron and X-ray scattering techniques extensively as well as rheology. Cecile graduated in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ENSIC, France). She received her PhD from Imperial College London (Chemical Engineering) in 2003, after which she took up a 2-year postdoc position at the University of Bristol. She then moved back to London and was appointed as a Lecturer in September 2005. Yujun Feng is a Professor at the Polymer Research Institute and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University. After earning his PhD in applied chemistry from Southwest Petroleum University, China, in 1999, he moved to France to undertake his post-doctoral research at the Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Polymeres, CNRS/Universite de Pau, and at the Institut Franēais du Petrole (IFP), respectively. In 2004, he joined in the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and has been serving as a team leader since then. In September 2012, he relocated to Sichuan University where he is focusing stimuli-responsive surfactants and polymers.