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Writing in Political Science: A Practical Guide 5th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 582 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 920 g, 20 Tables, black and white; 20 Line drawings, black and white; 20 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jan-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0815369212
  • ISBN-13: 9780815369219
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 582 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 920 g, 20 Tables, black and white; 20 Line drawings, black and white; 20 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jan-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0815369212
  • ISBN-13: 9780815369219
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
A complete, professional resource for writing an effective paper in all subfields of political science, Diane Schmidt’s 25th anniversary edition provides students with a practical, easy-to-follow guide for writing about political ideas, events, policies, passions, agendas, and processes. It offers additional formats and guidelines focusing on the growing use of social media and the need for professional communication in blogs, tweets, forums, media sites, lectures on demand, and postings on websites. A collection of student papers shows students how to write well for better grades.After reading Writing in Political Science students will know how to:choose and narrow a research topic;formulate a research agenda;quickly locate reputable information online;execute a study and write up findings;use the vocabulary of political science discourse;follow the criteria used to evaluate student assignments when writing;apply writing skills to an internship, civic engagement project, or grant proposal; andmanage and preserve achievements for career development.New to the Fifth EditionLocating Research Materials: Updated links to all sources, expansion of appropriate sources to include mobile sources available through tweets, blogs, forums, and other informal communication; expansion of tools to include database searching; use of smart phone technology; and evaluation of source reliability to include commercial sources, Wikipedia, media sites, social media, and lectures on demand.Creating Evidence: Evaluating data sources on the web including government databases, non-profits, and special interest/commercial data; and using collaborative forms of data collection. Includes a new section on Memorandums of Conversations (MEMCON), essential in recent political controversies.Manuscript Formatting and Reference Styles: Updated examples of citing internet sites, blogs, forums, lectures on demand, and YouTube.Format/Examples: Updated exam-writing treatment to include on-line, e-learning, open-book exams, media applications examples using YouTube and online media; restored legal briefs treatment; revised proposal examples; revised PowerPoint instructions to include diversity considerations; expanded formula for standard research papers to include wider disciplinary treatment, expanded communication techniques, format and examples of appropriate posting for social media and organizational websites, expanded internship treatment, inclusion of needs-assessment format and examples.Career Development: Restoration of 3rd edition chapter and expansion of professional portfolio building including vitae, resume, cover letters, letters of intent, statement of purpose, and skills/competency discussions.Updated citations for changes in The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition, 2017 and The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th Edition, 2016.
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxvii
1 Political Inquiry 1(25)
The Art of Political Inquiry Defined
1(2)
Professional Research
2(1)
Professional Methods of Investigation
2(1)
Types of Student Writing
3(1)
The Process of Political Inquiry
4(8)
Problem Solving, Learning, and Writing
5(1)
The Author's Argument: The Nature of Assertions
6(1)
Social Media and the Art of Agreement and Disagreement
6(2)
The Author's Evidence: Supporting an Argument with Data
8(1)
Limitations on Evidence
9(3)
Professionalism, Ethical Considerations, and Plagiarism
12(14)
Controversies About Plagiarism
12(1)
Plagiarism Explored
13(2)
Reasons Plagiarism is Wrong
15(1)
Reasons Plagiarism Happens
16(1)
What Sources Must Be Referenced or Acknowledged?
17(1)
Secondary Sources of Information
17(1)
Unique or Distinctive Words or Sets of Words
17(1)
Electronic Sources of All Types
18(1)
Student Researchers' Manuscripts
18(1)
What Sources Do Not Have to Be Referenced or Acknowledged?
18(1)
Personal Experiences
18(1)
Original Research
18(1)
Common Knowledge
19(1)
Personal Conclusions
19(1)
How to Avoid Plagiarizing Due to Mistakes and Confusion
19(7)
Avoiding Plagiarism in the Research Process: Set up a Binder!
19(4)
Avoiding Plagiarism in the Writing Process
23(14)
Quoting Techniques
23(1)
Paraphrasing Techniques
24(1)
Summarizing Techniques
25(1)
2 Critical Thinking: The Cornerstone of Political Inquiry 26(25)
Critical Thinkers
26(2)
Critical Thinking Defined
26(1)
How to Think Critically
27(1)
Critical Thinking and Reasoning
28(2)
Political Inquiry and Inductive Reasoning
28(1)
Political Inquiry and Deductive Reasoning
29(1)
Common Problems in Critical Thinking
30(5)
Legitimate Disagreement
30(1)
Logical Failings in Argumentation
31(4)
Tips for Critical Thinking
35(5)
Biases That Influence Arguments and Evidence
35(1)
Summary Checklist for Reading or Writing Critically
36(1)
Detailed Set of Questions to Ask About the Author's Argument and Evidence
37(14)
Issues
37(1)
Reasons
37(1)
Ambiguity
37(1)
Value Assumptions
38(1)
Evidence
38(1)
Logical Errors
39(1)
Omissions
39(1)
Reading Critically to Write Critically
40(3)
Analysis of Political Argument
43(8)
3 Topic Selection 51(11)
Choosing a Topic
51(3)
Finding Your Passion
51(1)
Objects: Things That Can Be Seen Physically
52(1)
Concepts: Things That are Believed, Acknowledged
52(1)
Tips for Choosing a Topic
53(1)
Examples of Topics by Subfield
54(8)
4 Locating Research Materials Using Indexes, Databases, the Internet, and Mobile Sources 62(39)
Characteristics of Sources Used in Research Papers
62(1)
Relevance
62(1)
Quality
62(1)
Depth and Breadth
63(1)
Variety
63(1)
Distinguishing Between Types of Information
63(6)
Primary Sources
64(1)
Secondary Sources
64(5)
Popular Media, Mass Media, and Media Sites (Commercial and Nonprofit Sources)
64(1)
Quality Professional Publications and Law Reviews
65(1)
Government Documents
65(1)
Legal Documents
66(1)
Scholarly Materials
66(1)
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
67(1)
Social Media
68(1)
Lectures on Demand
69(1)
Retrieval Systems for Locating Sources
69(11)
Printed Indexes
69(2)
Organization
70(1)
Subject Coverage
70(1)
Search Term Language
70(1)
Databases
71(3)
Organization
71(1)
Subject Coverage
72(1)
Search Term Language
72(2)
The Internet
74(6)
Organization
74(3)
Subject Coverage
77(1)
Search Engines
77(2)
Search Term Language
79(1)
Saving Materials from the Web
79(1)
Selecting the Right Search Tools for Locating Research Materials
80(8)
The Information Time Line
80(1)
Search Tools by Format
81(7)
Books
82(1)
Scholarly Journal Literature
82(2)
Quality Professional Publications
84(1)
Law
85(1)
Government Reports
85(1)
International Reports
86(1)
Popular or Mass Media (News)
87(1)
Private Reports
87(1)
Research Strategies for Locating Sources: A Simulation
88(8)
Step One: Review Expectations of the Assignment and Choose a Topic
88(1)
Step Two: Find Background Information
89(1)
Step Three: Write a Preliminary Research Hypothesis or Question
90(1)
Step Four: Identify Types of Sources Needed for the Project
91(1)
Step Five: Build a Set of Search Terms
91(1)
Step Six: Searching in Relevant Indexes, Databases, and Internet Sites
92(2)
Step Seven: Examine the Bibliographies of Materials Retrieved
94(2)
Evaluating the Quality and Reliability of Sources
96(5)
Examine the Author's or Source's Credentials
96(1)
Assess the Accuracy of the Information
97(1)
Assess the Objectivity of the Source
98(1)
Identify the Timeliness of the Source or Data Used in the Source
98(1)
Identify the Focus of the Source
99(1)
Identify the Purpose of the Content
99(1)
Identify the Origins of the Data
99(2)
5 Creating Evidence with Primary and Secondary Data 101(36)
Secondary Sources of Quantitative Data
101(4)
Public Data
102(1)
Federal Data
102(1)
State and Local Data
103(1)
International and Comparative Nations Data
103(1)
Private Data
103(1)
Professional and Special Interest Organizations
103(1)
Think Tanks
104(1)
Corporations
104(1)
Commercial Data
104(1)
ICPSR (Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research)
104(1)
Gallup Poll
104(1)
Field Poll
104(1)
National Opinion Research Center (NORC)
105(1)
Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
105(1)
Creating Primary Data
105(11)
Creating Data from Original Text Documents
106(1)
Creating Data from Direct Observation/Field Research
107(2)
Creating Data from Personal Interviews
109(1)
Creating Data from Focus Groups
110(2)
Creating Data from Questionnaires or Surveys
112(4)
A Primer on Qualitative Data Reduction Methods
116(8)
Descriptive Analysis
116(1)
Content Analysis
117(3)
Classification Analysis
120(4)
Generic Classification
120(2)
Concept Model/Map-Based Classification Data
122(1)
Typology Based on Classification Data
123(1)
A Primer on Quantitative Data Reduction Methods
124(6)
Tables
124(3)
Format for Constructing a Data Table
124(1)
Interpreting a Table
125(2)
Graphical Displays
127(3)
Types of Graphical Displays
127(1)
Format of Graphic Displays
127(1)
Interpreting Graphic Displays
128(2)
A Primer on Data Analysis
130(7)
Data Reduction with Simple Descriptive Statistics
130(2)
Data Reduction Using Statistical Methods
132(5)
6 Properties of a Good Essay or Research Paper 137(21)
Maintaining Coherence and Cohesion within a Document
138(2)
Logical Paragraph Organization
138(1)
Dynamic Concision: The Art of Being Concise
138(1)
Signaling Devices for Cohesion
139(1)
List of Transitional Expressions
139(1)
Recognizing and Writing a Good Thesis Sentence
140(1)
Functions of a Thesis Sentence
140(1)
Requirements of a Thesis Sentence
141(1)
Writing a Thesis Sentence for an Essay or Essay Test
141(2)
Definition of Terms
141(1)
Common Problems in Answering Essay Questions
141(2)
Begs the Question (BQ)
142(1)
Ambiguous or Vague (AV)
142(1)
Descriptive or Historical (DH)
142(1)
Writing a Thesis Sentence for a Research Paper
143(4)
Formulating a Thesis Sentence for a Research Paper
143(3)
Tips for Writing a Thesis Sentence for Papers with Specific Requirements
144(2)
Common Problems in Constructing a Thesis Sentence
146(1)
Ambiguous or Vague (AV)
146(1)
Not Unified (NU)
146(1)
Too Factual or Obvious (TF)
146(1)
Recognizing and Writing a Good Paragraph
147(6)
Functions of a Paragraph
147(1)
Properties of a Topic Sentence
148(1)
Properties of an Introductory or Opening Paragraph
148(1)
Advice for Constructing Introductory Paragraphs
149(1)
Properties of a Concluding Paragraph
149(2)
Advice for Constructing Concluding or Closing Paragraphs
150(1)
Properties of a Paragraph in the Body of the Paper
151(1)
Tips for Reasoning Once the Topic Sentence Has Been Placed in a Paragraph
151(1)
Topic Sentence Placed at the Beginning of a Paragraph
152(1)
Topic Sentence Placed at the End of a Paragraph
152(1)
Advice for Constructing Paragraphs
153(5)
Always Use a Topic Sentence
153(1)
Use Transitions
153(1)
Common Problems in Constructing Paragraphs
154(2)
Not Unified (NU)
154(1)
Incoherent (IC)
154(1)
Too Long (LG)
155(1)
Too Short (ST)
156(1)
First Aid for Bad Paragraphs
156(2)
7 Common Problems with Writing 158(16)
Common Stylistic Problems
158(6)
Misinterpreting the Audience
158(2)
Using the Wrong Voice
159(1)
Linguistic Bias and Diversity
160(3)
Punctuation
163(1)
Common Errors: Proofreading the Manuscript
164(5)
Proof for typographical, spelling, usage, and grammatical errors
165(4)
How to Use a Writing Center
169(2)
What Writing Centers Offer
169(1)
What Writing Centers Will Not Do
169(1)
Using the Writing Center or Online Writing Lab (OWL)
169(1)
Online Commercial/Nonprofit Writing Help
170(1)
What to Do About Writer's Block
171(3)
8 Practices and Expectations for Manuscript Format 174(20)
Criteria for Grading a Research Paper
174(2)
Minimum Requirements for Receiving Credit
174(1)
Criteria for Evaluation
174(1)
Standard Presentation of an Assignment
175(1)
Format and Placement of Items in the Paper or Essay
176(18)
Manuscript Components
176(1)
Placement of Items in the Manuscript
177(1)
Format for the Title Page
177(1)
Format for the Table of Contents or List of Tables and Figures
178(2)
Format for an Abstract
180(1)
Tips for Writing an Abstract
181(1)
Format for an Executive Summary
181(2)
Tips for Writing an Executive Summary
183(1)
Format for Headings and Subheadings
183(2)
Format for Referencing and Placement of Tables and Figures Not Embedded in Text
185(1)
Format for Referencing and Placement of Tables and Figures Embedded in Text
185(2)
Format and Placement for Quotations
187(1)
Format for the Appendix
188(2)
Format and Placement for Citations or References
190(2)
Format and Placement for Explanatory Notes
192(2)
9 Referencing Styles for Author-Date and Footnote/Endnote Systems 194(43)
Structure for Endnote and Footnote Citations
194(6)
Content and Punctuation for Footnotes and Endnotes
195(2)
Examples of Footnotes and Endnotes Used for Reference Citations
197(3)
Structure for Parenthetical or Author-Date Citations System
200(2)
Format for the Author-Date Citation System Reference Page
202(2)
Placement
202(1)
Format
203(1)
Alphabetical Order
203(1)
Automatically Formatted Reference Page/Bibliography Software
203(1)
Content and Punctuation for Author-Date Reference Page
204(4)
Common Reference Page Formats for Author-Date Citations
208(1)
The Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date Reference Examples
208(29)
APSA Style Reference Examples
217(6)
APA Style Reference Examples
223(7)
MLA Style Reference Examples
230(7)
10 Format and Examples of Activities to Enhance Comprehension and Synthesis of Class Materials 237(28)
Writing Analytical Essays
237(5)
Writing Political Editorials
242(4)
Formulating an Opinion
242(1)
Format for the Editorial
242(4)
Analytical Multiple-Choice Exams
246(4)
Tips for Answering Analytical Multiple-Choice Questions
246(4)
Essay Exams
250(2)
Scholarly Literature Review Presentations
252(4)
Tips for Writing a Literature Review Presentation
252(1)
Literature Presentation Form
253(3)
Media Applications Illustrating Course Materials
256(9)
Tips for Writing a Media Application Paper
256(9)
11 Format and Examples of Assignments for Managing and Processing Information 265(46)
Assignments for Managing and Processing Information
265(46)
List of Special Assignments Described in this
Chapter
265(1)
Annotated Bibliographies
266(4)
Purpose of an Annotated Bibliography
266(1)
Four Properties of an Annotated Bibliography
266(4)
Book Reviews
270(1)
Purpose of Book Review Assignments
270(1)
How to Write a Book Review
270(9)
Tips for Writing a Book Review
271(8)
Briefing Cases
279(3)
Purpose of Briefing a Case
279(1)
Understanding Court Decisions
279(1)
How to Brief a Case
280(1)
Format for Briefing a Case
280(2)
Research Proposals
282(7)
Purpose of a Research Proposal
282(1)
How to Write a Research Proposal
282(2)
Format for a Research Proposal
284(5)
Constructing Outlines
289(7)
Purpose of Outlines
289(1)
How to Construct a Topic or Sentence Outline
289(7)
MEMCON (Memorandum of Conversation)
296(4)
Purpose of a MEMCON
296(1)
How to Construct a MEMCON
296(4)
Standard Research Presentations
300(6)
Standard Presentation Form
300(6)
PowerPoint Presentations
306(7)
PowerPoint Presentation: Rules of Etiquette
306(1)
Accessible PowerPoint Presentations
306(5)
12 Format and Examples of Conventional Research Papers 311(57)
Formulas for Adapting Standard Methods to Different Subfields
312(1)
Writing a Literature Review
313(13)
Purpose of Literature Reviews
314(1)
How to Write a Literature Review
314(12)
Writing a Comparative Study
326(8)
Comparative Papers on Two or More Objects or People
326(1)
Comparative Papers on Two or More Ideas or Theories
326(1)
Papers That Compare Responses to Issues by Two Subjects or Objects
327(7)
Writing an Analysis
334(9)
How to Write an Analysis
334(9)
Writing a Position Paper
343(11)
How to Write a Position Paper
343(11)
Process Tracing
354(14)
Purpose of Process Tracing
354(1)
How to Write a Process-Tracing Paper
355(13)
13 Format and Examples of Assignments Requiring Special Techniques 368(97)
Writing Techniques for Specialized Research Papers
369(1)
Analysis of Legislation
369(25)
Analysis of Legislation Writing Guide and Checkoff Sheet
369(25)
Policy Evaluation
394(30)
Policy Evaluation Writing Guide and Checkoff Sheet
394(30)
Conducting a Needs Assessment
424(16)
Needs Assessment Writing Guide and Checkoff Sheet
424(16)
Policy Recommendation
440(25)
Policy Recommendation Writing Guide and Checkoff Sheet
440(25)
14 Format and Examples of Assignments with Appropriate Formatting for Professional Communication 465(70)
Formatting for Professional Communication
466(1)
Posting to Social Media and Websites
466(2)
How to Write a Professional Public Posting
467(1)
Writing a Policy Memo
468(5)
How to Construct a Policy Memo
469(4)
Analytical Case Study
473(12)
How to Write an Analytical Case Study
473(12)
Problem-Solving Case Studies
485(5)
How to Write a Problem-Solving Case Study
485(5)
Participant Observation and Internship Report
490(11)
Guidelines for Writing an Internship Report
490(11)
Writing a Grant
501(14)
How to Construct a Grant Proposal
501(1)
Annotated Template for Formal Grant Proposals: Nonspecific Request for Proposal (RFP)
502(1)
General Guidelines and Checklists for Grant Proposals
503(12)
Writing a Project Report
515(20)
How to Construct a Project Report
515(20)
15 Format and Examples of Assignments Organizing and Documenting Achievements for Career Development 535(32)
Professional Portfolio or Dossier
535(14)
Compiling a Curriculum Vitae
537(4)
Preparing a Resume
541(5)
Autobiographical Essay/Personal Statement/Statement of Purpose
546(3)
Using LinkedIn and Other Professional Profiles
549(1)
Tips for Personalizing a LinkedIn Account
549(1)
What to Do with Official Transcripts
550(2)
Writing a Cover Letter
552(3)
Format for the Cover Letter
552(1)
Cover Letter Contents
552(3)
Letters of Intent or Inquiry
555(1)
Follow-Up after Submitting Applications
555(3)
Writing in Political Science and Employability Skills
558(8)
Writing in Political Science and Beyond
559(1)
Achieving Goals
560(6)
Tips for Finding Graduate or Professional Schools
564(1)
Tips for Finding Jobs Using Political Science Writing Skills
565(1)
Final Comment
566(1)
Text Acknowledgments 567(10)
Reprinted by Permission from Books and Websites
567(1)
Student Manuscripts Reprinted by Permission
567(1)
References
568(9)
Index 577
Diane E. Schmidt is Professor of Public Administration and Policy in the Political Science Department of California State University-Chico. She has been the Coordinator of the Undergraduate Public Administration Program and consults with a wide variety of federal, state, and local government, as well as nonprofit and community organizations on community management, public personnel, labor policy, and policy analysis. She teaches courses in American institutions, political behavior, public policy analysis, public administration, collaborative management, and comparative government, including online courses and accessible courses for people with disabilities.