|
|
|
Chapter 1 Who May Be Killed? Anwar al-Awlaki as a Case Study in the International Legal Regulation of Lethal Force |
|
|
3 | (58) |
|
|
|
1 | (3) |
|
1.2 Why Might the US Government Target Anwar al-Awlaki? |
|
|
4 | (9) |
|
1.2.1 AQAP in relation to al Qaeda |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
1.2.2 Anwar al-Awlaki in relation to AQAP |
|
|
6 | (3) |
|
1.2.3 The United States and the use of lethal force in Yemen |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
1.3 Objections Founded in the UN Charter |
|
|
13 | (14) |
|
1.3.1 Has Yemen consented to the use of force? |
|
|
13 | (5) |
|
1.3.2 Does the right of self-defense apply? |
|
|
18 | (9) |
|
1.4 Objections Founded in Anwar al-Awlaki's Own Rights |
|
|
27 | (27) |
|
1.4.1 Does IHL apply and, if so, to what effect? |
|
|
27 | (20) |
|
1.4.2 Does IHRL apply and, if so, to what effect? |
|
|
47 | (7) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (7) |
|
Chapter 2 Adjudicating Armed Conflict in Domestic Courts: The Experience of Israel's Supreme Court |
|
|
61 | (36) |
|
|
|
61 | (4) |
|
2.2 The Application of International Law by Domestic Courts in Israel |
|
|
65 | (6) |
|
2.2.1 The status of international law in domestic courts in Israel |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 The legal framework applicable to Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip |
|
|
67 | (4) |
|
2.3 The Legal Transition to an `Armed Conflict' in Israel |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
2.4 The Application of the Law of Armed Conflict by Israel's Supreme Court to Military Activity |
|
|
73 | (12) |
|
2.4.1 Between two paradigms: belligerent occupation and armed conflict |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
2.4.2 The `Targeted Killings' case: a landmark decision |
|
|
76 | (4) |
|
2.4.3 A transition completed: armed conflict proper? |
|
|
80 | (5) |
|
2.5 What Does It All Mean? The Future of Adjudicating Armed Conflict |
|
|
85 | (7) |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
2.5.2 Is the Israeli experience relevant to other jurisdictions? |
|
|
87 | (5) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (4) |
|
Chapter 3 Counter-Insurgency Operations in Afghanistan. What about the `Jus ad Bellum' and the `Jus in Bello': Is the Law Still Accurate? |
|
|
97 | (36) |
|
|
|
98 | (4) |
|
3.2 The Inherent Right of Self-Defense against Al Qaeda: Evolution or Revolution of the Jus ad Bellum |
|
|
102 | (5) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
3.2.2 Existence of a nexus |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
3.2.4 Self-defense and the UN Security Council |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
3.3 Typology of Military Operations in Afghanistan |
|
|
107 | (7) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
3.3.2 Operation Enduring Freedom |
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
3.3.3 Non-international armed conflict |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
3.4 The Changing Nature of Military Operations: From Traditional Warfare to Counter-Insurgency |
|
|
114 | (12) |
|
3.4.1 From destroying the enemy to winning the hearts and minds |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Guerilla and insurgency |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 COIN operation: what about the law? |
|
|
116 | (10) |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
127 | (6) |
|
Chapter 4 Civilian Intelligence Agencies and the Use of Armed Drones |
|
|
133 | (42) |
|
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
4.2 What Are Armed Drones? |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
4.3 The Applicable Legal Regime |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
4.4 Resort to the Use of Force |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
4.5 International Armed Conflict |
|
|
140 | (7) |
|
4.6 Non-International Armed Conflict |
|
|
147 | (12) |
|
4.7 A Third Legal Paradigm for Regulating the Use of Force? |
|
|
159 | (9) |
|
4.8 Non-Military Aircraft Conducting Belligerent Acts |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
|
170 | (5) |
|
Chapter 5 International Humanitarian Law and Bombing Campaigns: Legitimate Military Objectives and Excessive Collateral Damage |
|
|
175 | (38) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
5.2 Additional Protocol 1 and the Law on Military Objectives |
|
|
177 | (14) |
|
5.2.1 Definition of civilians |
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
5.2.2 Definition of civilian objects/military objectives in API |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
5.2.3 Dual use objects: electricity grids |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
5.2.4 The propaganda machine as a military objective |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
5.2.5 The economic/financial systems of a state as a military target |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
5.2.6 The ICTY/International Criminal Court (ICC) and targeting civilians or civilian objectives |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
5.3 Additional Protocol 1 and the Proportionality Principle |
|
|
191 | (13) |
|
5.3.1 The threat to civilians from aerial bombardment |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
5.3.2 Precautions taken to reduce collateral damage |
|
|
196 | (4) |
|
5.3.3 Who should make the proportionality assessment? |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
5.3.4 Longer term collateral damage and the proportionality principle |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
5.3.5 The ICTY/ICC and their approach to excessive collateral damage |
|
|
201 | (3) |
|
5.4 Bombing Campaigns in Non-International Armed Conflicts |
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (5) |
|
Chapter 6 The Law of Armed Conflict and International Human Rights Law: Some Paradigmatic Differences and Operational Implications |
|
|
213 | (32) |
|
|
|
213 | (5) |
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
6.3 Paradigmatic Purposes |
|
|
221 | (9) |
|
6.3.1 The purpose of LOAC |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
6.3.2 The purpose of IHRL |
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
6.3.3 Operational effects? |
|
|
226 | (4) |
|
6.4 Measurement-'Proportionality' |
|
|
230 | (11) |
|
6.4.1 Proportionality in LOAC |
|
|
231 | (4) |
|
6.4.2 Proportionality in IHRL |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
6.4.3 Operational effects? |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
Chapter 7 Unlawful Presence of Protected Persons in Occupied Territory? An Analysis of Israel's Permit Regime and Expulsions from the West Bank under the Law of Occupation |
|
|
245 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
246 | (5) |
|
7.1.1 The examined Israeli policy: binding addresses, stay permits and expulsions |
|
|
246 | (3) |
|
7.1.2 Analysis and structure of this paper |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
7.2 Application of IHL in the Israeli Jurisprudence |
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
7.2.1 The Hague Regulations and the Fourth Geneva Convention |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
7.2.2 Additional Protocol 1 |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
7.3 Expulsions of Protected Persons from the West Bank |
|
|
255 | (8) |
|
7.3.1 Article 49(1) of the Fourth Geneva Convention: interpretation |
|
|
255 | (5) |
|
7.3.2 Article 49(1) of the Fourth Geneva Convention: customary status |
|
|
260 | (3) |
|
7.4 The Requirement to Hold a Stay Permit in Occupied Territory |
|
|
263 | (10) |
|
7.4.1 Protected persons are entitled to be present in the Occupied Territory |
|
|
263 | (5) |
|
7.4.2 Who is a protected person? |
|
|
268 | (5) |
|
7.5 The Concept of `Determinative and Binding Address' |
|
|
273 | (7) |
|
7.5.1 Determinative and binding address |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
7.5.2 Security considerations |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
7.5.3 Considerations related to civil life in the Occupied Territory |
|
|
276 | (3) |
|
7.5.4 Irrelevant consideration |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (4) |
|
Part II Current Developments |
|
|
|
|
285 | (26) |
|
|
|
8.1 Major Developments in IHL in 2010 |
|
|
286 | (7) |
|
8.1.1 Israel's blockade of Gaza and the Mavi Marmara incident |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
8.1.2 Resolution 13/9 (Tomuschat) Committee |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
8.1.4 Report of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights mapping human rights violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1993--2003 |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (9) |
|
8.3.1 The Security Council |
|
|
296 | (7) |
|
8.3.2 Human Rights Council |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
8.3.3 The International Criminal Court |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
8.4 Regional Organizations |
|
|
305 | (3) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
8.4.2 Organization of American States |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
8.5 Arms Control and Disarmament |
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
8.5.1 Conventional weapons |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Chapter 9 Drone Attacks under the Jus ad Bellum And Jus in Bello: Clearing the `Fog of Law' |
|
|
311 | (16) |
|
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (5) |
|
|
319 | (6) |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Chapter 10 Domestic, Legal or Other Proceedings Undertaken by Both the Government of Israel and the Palestinian Side |
|
|
327 | (10) |
|
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
10.2 Overview of the Committee's Creation and Mandate |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
|
329 | (4) |
|
10.4 Legal Analysis and Findings |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
Chapter 11 Poison, Gas and Expanding Bullets: The Extension of the List of Prohibited Weapons at the Review Conference of the International Criminal Court in Kampala |
|
|
337 | (16) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
11.2 What Happened in Kampala? |
|
|
338 | (10) |
|
11.2.1 Why had it not already happened in Rome? |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 The three categories of prohibited weapons: a closer look |
|
|
340 | (8) |
|
11.3 What Did Not Happen in Kampala? |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
11.4 Does the List of Prohibited Weapons Reflect the Realities of Current Armed Conflicts? |
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Chapter 12 The US Department of Defense Law of War Manual: An Update |
|
|
353 | (14) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
12.3 The Long Road towards a New Manual |
|
|
355 | (3) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
12.5 The New Manual: A Brief Description |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (4) |
|
Part III Focus Topic: The Gaza Blockade |
|
|
|
Chapter 13 Rule Selection in the Case of Israel's Naval Blockade of Gaza: Law of Naval Warfare or Law of the Sea? |
|
|
367 | (30) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
13.2 On Board the Mavi Marmara |
|
|
369 | (4) |
|
13.3 Navigating Dichotomy: Law of the Sea and the Law of Naval Warfare |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
13.3.1 Blockade in history |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (4) |
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
13.6 Enforcement: Belligerent Right of Visit and Search |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
13.7 Visit and Search in International Waters |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
13.8 Blockade in Non-international Armed Conflict |
|
|
386 | (5) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
Chapter 14 The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla |
|
|
397 | (52) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (6) |
|
14.2.1 The Gaza Strip and the Israeli blockade |
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
14.2.2 Israel's justifications for imposing a blockade |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
14.2.3 The Gaza Freedom Flotilla |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
14.3 The Normative Frameworks |
|
|
405 | (20) |
|
14.3.1 Law enforcement v armed conflict |
|
|
406 | (3) |
|
14.3.2 The law of blockade |
|
|
409 | (12) |
|
14.3.3 Blockades and non-state actors in a non-international armed conflict |
|
|
421 | (4) |
|
14.4 Applying the Normative Frameworks to the Israeli-Hamas Conflict |
|
|
425 | (13) |
|
14.4.1 The character of the Israeli-Hamas conflict: international or non-international? |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
14.4.2 A sui generis conflict? |
|
|
428 | (7) |
|
14.4.3 The blockade on Gaza |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
14.5 Interception of Vessels to Enforce a Blockade |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
14.5.1 Enforcing a legal blockade |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
14.5.2 Interception of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
|
444 | (5) |
|
Part IV Correspondents' Reports |
|
|
|
Chapter 15 A Guide to State Practice in the Field of International Humanitarian Law |
|
|
449 | |
|