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xiv | |
Foreword |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
Acronyms |
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xxii | |
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1 | (20) |
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1.1 Historical background |
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1 | (6) |
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1.1.1 Industrial and technological revolution: from steam engines to the Internet |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Mobile communications generations: from 1G to 4G |
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2 | (4) |
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1.1.3 From mobile broadband (MBB) to extreme MBB |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1.4 IoT: relation to 5G |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2 From ICT to the whole economy |
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7 | (2) |
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1.3 Rationale of 5G: high data volume, twenty-five billion connected devices and wide requirements |
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9 | (3) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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1.4.1 METIS and the 5G-PPP |
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12 | (2) |
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1.4.2 China: 5G promotion group |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Japan: ARIB 2020 and Beyond Ad Hoc |
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14 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Other 5G initiatives |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5 Standardization activities |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (5) |
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18 | (3) |
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2 5G use cases and system concept |
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21 | (29) |
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2.1 Use cases and requirements |
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21 | (11) |
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21 | (9) |
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2.1.2 Requirements and key performance indicators |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (16) |
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32 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Extreme mobile broadband |
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34 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Massive machine-type communication |
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36 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Ultra-reliable machine-type communication |
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38 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Dynamic radio access network |
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39 | (4) |
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2.2.6 Lean system control plane |
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43 | (2) |
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2.2.7 Localized contents and traffic flows |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (27) |
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50 | (6) |
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50 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Basics about RAN architecture |
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53 | (3) |
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3.2 High-level requirements for the 5G architecture |
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56 | (1) |
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3.3 Functional architecture and 5G flexibility |
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57 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Functional split criteria |
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58 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Functional split alternatives |
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59 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Functional optimization for specific applications |
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61 | (2) |
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3.3.4 Integration of LTE and new air interface to fulfill 5G requirements |
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63 | (3) |
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3.3.5 Enhanced Multi-RAT coordination features |
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66 | (1) |
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3.4 Physical architecture and 5G deployment |
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67 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Deployment enablers |
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67 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Flexible function placement in 5G deployments |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (3) |
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75 | (2) |
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4 Machine-type communications |
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77 | (30) |
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77 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Use cases and categorization of MTC |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (3) |
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4.2 Fundamental techniques for MTC |
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83 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Data and control for short packets |
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83 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Non-orthogonal access protocols |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (8) |
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86 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Technology components |
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86 | (8) |
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4.3.3 Summary of mMTC features |
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94 | (1) |
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4.4 Ultra-reliable low-latency MTC |
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94 | (8) |
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94 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Technology components |
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96 | (5) |
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4.4.3 Summary of uMTC features |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (5) |
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103 | (4) |
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5 Device-to-device (D2D) communications |
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107 | (30) |
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107 | (6) |
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5.1.1 D2D standardization: 4G LTE D2D |
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109 | (3) |
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5.1.2 D2D in 5G: research challenges |
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112 | (1) |
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5.2 Radio resource management for mobile broadband D2D |
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113 | (7) |
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5.2.1 RRM techniques for mobile broadband D2D |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2.2 RRM and system design for D2D |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2.3 5G D2D RRM concept: an example |
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115 | (5) |
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5.3 Multi-hop D2D communications for proximity and emergency services |
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120 | (7) |
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5.3.1 National security and public safety requirements in 3GPP and METIS |
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121 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Device discovery without and with network assistance |
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122 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Network-assisted multi-hop D2D communications |
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122 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Radio resource management for multi-hop D2D |
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124 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Performance of D2D communications in the proximity communications scenario |
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125 | (2) |
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5.4 Multi-operator D2D communication |
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127 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Multi-operator D2D discovery |
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127 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Mode selection for multi-operator D2D |
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128 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Spectrum allocation for multi-operator D2D |
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129 | (4) |
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133 | (4) |
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134 | (3) |
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6 Millimeter wave communications |
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137 | (21) |
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6.1 Spectrum and regulations |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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6.3 Hardware technologies for mmW systems |
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139 | (5) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Beamforming architecture |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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6.5 Architecture and mobility |
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146 | (3) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (3) |
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6.6.1 Beamforming techniques |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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6.7 Physical layer techniques |
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152 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Transmission schemes |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (3) |
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156 | (2) |
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7 The 5G radio-access technologies |
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158 | (50) |
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7.1 Access design principles for multi-user communications |
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159 | (10) |
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7.1.1 Orthogonal multiple-access systems |
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160 | (4) |
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7.1.2 Spread spectrum multiple-access systems |
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164 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Capacity limits of multiple-access methods |
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165 | (4) |
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7.2 Multi-carrier with filtering: a new waveform |
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169 | (9) |
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7.2.1 Filter-bank based multi-carrier |
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169 | (6) |
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7.2.2 Universal filtered OFDM |
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175 | (3) |
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7.3 Non-orthogonal schemes for efficient multiple access |
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178 | (6) |
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7.3.1 Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) |
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179 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) |
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181 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Interleave division multiple access (IDMA) |
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183 | (1) |
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7.4 Radio access for dense deployments |
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184 | (8) |
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7.4.1 OFDM numerology for small-cell deployments |
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186 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Small-cell sub-frame structure |
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188 | (4) |
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7.5 Radio access for V2X communication |
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192 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Medium access control for nodes on the move |
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192 | (2) |
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7.6 Radio access for massive machine-type communication |
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194 | (8) |
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7.6.1 The massive access problem |
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195 | (3) |
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7.6.2 Extending access reservation |
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198 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Direct random access |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (6) |
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202 | (6) |
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8 Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems |
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208 | (40) |
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208 | (3) |
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210 | (1) |
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8.2 Theoretical background |
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211 | (6) |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Capacity of massive MIMO: a summary |
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217 | (1) |
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8.3 Pilot design for massive MIMO |
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217 | (8) |
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8.3.1 The pilot-data trade-off and impact of CSI |
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218 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Techniques to mitigate pilot contamination |
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220 | (5) |
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8.4 Resource allocation and transceiver algorithms for massive MIMO |
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225 | (8) |
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8.4.1 Decentralized coordinated transceiver design for massive MIMO |
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225 | (3) |
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8.4.2 Interference clustering and user grouping |
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228 | (5) |
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8.5 Fundamentals of baseband and RF implementations in massive MIMO |
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233 | (8) |
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8.5.1 Basic forms of massive MIMO implementation |
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233 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Hybrid fixed BF with CSI-based precoding (FBCP) |
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235 | (3) |
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8.5.3 Hybrid beamforming for interference clustering and user grouping |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (6) |
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243 | (5) |
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9 Coordinated multi-point transmission in 5G |
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248 | (29) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (9) |
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252 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Clustering and interference floor shaping |
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253 | (4) |
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9.2.3 User scheduling and precoding |
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257 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Interference mitigation framework |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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9.3 JT CoMP in conjunction with ultra-dense networks |
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259 | (1) |
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9.4 Distributed cooperative transmission |
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260 | (8) |
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9.4.1 Decentralized precoding/filtering design with local CSI |
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261 | (4) |
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9.4.2 Interference alignment |
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265 | (3) |
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9.5 JT CoMP with advanced receivers |
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268 | (4) |
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9.5.1 Dynamic clustering for JT CoMP with multiple antenna UEs |
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268 | (3) |
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9.5.2 Network-assisted interference cancellation |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (5) |
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273 | (4) |
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10 Relaying and wireless network coding |
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277 | (26) |
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10.1 The role of relaying and network coding in 5G wireless networks |
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277 | (7) |
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10.1.1 The revival of relaying |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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10.1.3 New relaying techniques for 5G |
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279 | (2) |
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10.1.4 Key applications in 5G |
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281 | (3) |
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10.2 Multi-flow wireless backhauling |
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284 | (6) |
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10.2.1 Coordinated direct and relay (CDR) transmission |
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285 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Four-way relaying (FWR) |
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287 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Wireless-emulated wire (WEW) for backhaul |
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288 | (2) |
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10.3 Highly flexible multi-flow relaying |
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290 | (5) |
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10.3.1 Basic idea of multi-flow relaying |
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290 | (3) |
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10.3.2 Achieving high throughput for 5G |
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293 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Performance evaluation |
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294 | (1) |
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10.4 Buffer-aided relaying |
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295 | (4) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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10.4.3 Handling inter-relay interference |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (4) |
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300 | (3) |
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11 Interference management, mobility management, and dynamic reconfiguration |
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303 | (33) |
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11.1 Network deployment types |
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304 | (2) |
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11.1.1 Ultra-dense network or densification |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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11.1.3 Heterogeneous networks |
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306 | (1) |
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11.2 Interference management in 5G |
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306 | (8) |
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11.2.1 Interference management in UDN |
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307 | (3) |
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11.2.2 Interference management for moving relay nodes |
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310 | (4) |
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11.2.3 Interference cancelation |
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314 | (1) |
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11.3 Mobility management in 5G |
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314 | (9) |
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11.3.1 User equipment-controlled versus network-controlled handover |
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315 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Mobility management in heterogeneous 5G networks |
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317 | (3) |
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11.3.3 Context awareness for mobility management |
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320 | (3) |
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11.4 Dynamic network reconfiguration in 5G |
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323 | (7) |
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11.4.1 Energy savings through control/user plane decoupling |
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323 | (4) |
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11.4.2 Flexible network deployment based on moving networks |
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327 | (3) |
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330 | (6) |
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331 | (5) |
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336 | (21) |
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336 | (5) |
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337 | (2) |
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12.1.2 Spectrum challenges in 5G |
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339 | (2) |
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12.2 5G spectrum landscape and requirements |
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341 | (4) |
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12.2.1 Bandwidth requirements |
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343 | (2) |
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12.3 Spectrum access modes and sharing scenarios |
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345 | (1) |
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12.4 5G spectrum technologies |
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346 | (3) |
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346 | (1) |
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12.4.2 Main technology components |
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347 | (2) |
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12.5 Value of spectrum for 5G: a techno-economic perspective |
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349 | (3) |
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352 | (5) |
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353 | (4) |
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13 The 5G wireless propagation channel models |
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357 | (24) |
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357 | (1) |
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13.2 Modeling requirements and scenarios |
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358 | (4) |
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13.2.1 Channel model requirements |
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359 | (2) |
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13.2.2 Propagation scenarios |
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361 | (1) |
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13.3 The METIS channel models |
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362 | (17) |
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363 | (8) |
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371 | (8) |
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379 | (2) |
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379 | (2) |
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14 Simulation methodology |
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381 | (20) |
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14.1 Evaluation methodology |
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381 | (6) |
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14.1.1 Performance indicators |
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381 | (2) |
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14.1.2 Channel simplifications |
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383 | (4) |
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387 | (5) |
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14.2.1 Link-level calibration |
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388 | (3) |
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14.2.2 System-level calibration |
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391 | (1) |
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14.3 New challenges in the 5G modeling |
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392 | (5) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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14.3.4 Higher frequency bands |
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396 | (1) |
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14.3.5 Device-to-device link |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (4) |
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398 | (3) |
Index |
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401 | |