Preface |
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10 | (1) |
General Basics |
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11 | (20) |
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12 | (10) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2 Examination Technique and Equipment |
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13 | (9) |
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Who do you examine first when learning to scan? |
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13 | (1) |
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How do you adjust the ultrasound machine? |
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13 | (3) |
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What can you do with the transducer? |
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16 | (6) |
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2 Basic Physical and Technical Principles |
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22 | (9) |
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22 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Production and detection of ultrasound waves: the pulse-echo principle |
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23 | (1) |
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Diagnostic ultrasound: propagation of ultrasound in biological tissue |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (6) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Posterior acoustic enhancement |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
Abdominal Ultrasound |
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31 | (228) |
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3 Blood Vessels: The Aorta and Its Branches, the Vena Cava and Its Tributaries |
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32 | (24) |
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32 | (1) |
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3.2 Locating the Aorta and Vena Cava |
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32 | (1) |
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3.3 Imaging the Aorta and Vena Cava in Their Entirety |
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33 | (2) |
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Demonstrating the aorta and vena cava in transverse section |
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33 | (1) |
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Demonstrating the aorta and vena cava in longitudinal section |
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33 | (1) |
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Abnormalities in the course of the aorta |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (6) |
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Demonstrating arterial and venous pulsations |
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35 | (1) |
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Evaluating the vessel walls and lumina |
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35 | (2) |
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Identifying and defining the branches of the aorta and vena cava |
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37 | (4) |
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3.5 Anatomical Relationships |
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41 | (15) |
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Relationship of the aorta and vena cava to the diaphragm, liver, and cardia |
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41 | (1) |
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Area surrounding the celiac trunk and the course of the hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery |
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42 | (4) |
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Superior mesenteric artery, splenic vein, and renal vessels |
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46 | (5) |
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51 | (2) |
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Lymph nodes near the retroperitoneal vessels |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (54) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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4.3 Imaging the Liver in Its Entirety |
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58 | (9) |
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58 | (6) |
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Systematic survey of liver volume |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (34) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (7) |
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74 | (2) |
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Division of the liver into lobes, segments, and subsegments |
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76 | (20) |
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The portal vein and its branches |
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96 | (5) |
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4.5 Anatomical Relationships |
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101 | (9) |
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Relationship of the left portion of the liver |
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102 | (2) |
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Relationship of the central portion of the liver |
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104 | (3) |
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Relationships of the right portion of the liver |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (10) |
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110 | (1) |
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5.2 Locating the Porta Hepatis |
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111 | (2) |
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5.3 Systematic Definition of the Porta Hepatis in Transverse and Longitudinal Sections |
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113 | (3) |
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Defining the porta hepatis in transverse sections |
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113 | (2) |
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Defining the porta hepatis in longitudinal sections |
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115 | (1) |
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5.4 Organ Details: Details of the Vessels in the Porta Hepatis |
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116 | (4) |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (29) |
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120 | (1) |
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6.2 Locating the Gallbladder |
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121 | (1) |
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6.3 Imaging the Entire Gallbladder |
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122 | (6) |
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Defining the gallbladder in upper abdominal transverse scans |
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122 | (1) |
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Defining the gallbladder in upper abdominal longitudinal scans |
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123 | (1) |
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Locating and defining the gallbladder with intercostal flank scans |
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124 | (1) |
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Variable position of the gallbladder |
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124 | (2) |
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Nonvisualization of the gallbladder |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (11) |
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Regions of the gallbladder |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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Variable shape of the gallbladder |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (4) |
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Special acoustic phenomena in gallbladder scanning |
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137 | (2) |
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6.5 Anatomical Relationships |
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139 | (10) |
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Relationship of the gallbladder to the liver |
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140 | (3) |
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Relationship of the gallbladder to the portal vein |
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143 | (3) |
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Relationship of the gallbladder to the antrum, bulb, and duodenum |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (29) |
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149 | (1) |
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7.2 Locating the Pancreas Anteriorly |
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149 | (3) |
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7.3 Imaging the Entire Pancreas |
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152 | (3) |
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Defining the pancreas in upper abdominal transverse scans |
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152 | (1) |
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Defining the pancreas in upper abdominal longitudinal scans |
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153 | (1) |
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Scanning the tail of the pancreas through the spleen |
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154 | (1) |
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Variable shape of the pancreas |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (8) |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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Measuring the pancreatic diameter |
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162 | (1) |
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7.5 Anatomical Relationships |
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163 | (15) |
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Relationships of the tail of the pancreas |
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163 | (3) |
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Relationships of the body of the pancreas |
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166 | (4) |
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Relationships of the head of the pancreas |
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170 | (8) |
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8 Stomach, Duodenum, and Diaphragm |
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178 | (15) |
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178 | (1) |
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8.2 Locating the Stomach, Duodenum, and Diaphragm |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Changes in the stomach wall |
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180 | (1) |
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8.4 Organ Boundaries and Relationships |
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181 | (12) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (4) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (14) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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9.3 Imaging the Spleen in Its Entirety |
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195 | (2) |
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Defining the spleen in longitudinal sections |
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195 | (1) |
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Defining the spleen in transverse sections |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (5) |
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197 | (1) |
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Determining the size of the spleen |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (3) |
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9.5 Anatomical Relationships |
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202 | (5) |
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Relationship of the spleen to the pancreas, kidney, colic flexure, and stomach |
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203 | (2) |
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Relationship of the spleen to the pleura |
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205 | (1) |
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Abnormalities associated with the spleen |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (39) |
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207 | (3) |
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10.2 Locating the Kidneys |
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210 | (2) |
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10.3 Imaging the Kidneys in Their Entirety |
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212 | (4) |
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Longitudinal flank scan of the right kidney |
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212 | (1) |
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Transverse flank scan of the right kidney |
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213 | (1) |
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Longitudinal flank scan of the left kidney |
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214 | (1) |
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Transverse flank scan of the left kidney |
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215 | (1) |
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Abnormalities in locating the kidneys |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (14) |
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Size and shape of the kidneys |
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216 | (4) |
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Renal parenchyma and renal sinus |
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220 | (10) |
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10.5 Anatomical Relationships of the Right Kidney |
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230 | (12) |
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Relationship of the right kidney to the liver |
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231 | (3) |
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Relationship of the right kidney to the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles |
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234 | (3) |
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Relationship of the right kidney to the colon |
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237 | (2) |
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Relationship of the right kidney to the gallbladder |
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239 | (3) |
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10.6 Anatomical Relationships of the Left Kidney |
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242 | (4) |
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Relationship of the left kidney to the spleen |
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243 | (2) |
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Relationship of the left kidney to the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles |
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245 | (1) |
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Relationship of the left kidney to the colon |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (6) |
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246 | (1) |
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11.2 Locating the Adrenal Glands |
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247 | (1) |
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11.3 Imaging the Adrenal Glands |
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248 | (3) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Abnormalities of the adrenal glands |
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251 | (1) |
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12 Bladder, Prostate, and Uterus |
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252 | (7) |
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252 | (1) |
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12.2 Locating the Bladder, Prostate, and Uterus |
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252 | (2) |
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12.3 Imaging the Bladder and Prostate or Uterus in Their Entirety |
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254 | (3) |
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Demonstrating the bladder and prostate in transverse section |
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254 | (1) |
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Demonstrating the bladder and prostate in longitudinal section |
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255 | (1) |
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Demonstrating the bladder and uterus in transverse section |
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255 | (1) |
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Demonstrating the bladder and uterus in longitudinal section |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
Brief Instructions and Documentation |
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259 | (84) |
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260 | (28) |
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260 | (3) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Abnormalities and variants, pitfalls |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (5) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (1) |
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Abnormalities and variants, pitfalls |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (4) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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Abnormalities and variants, pitfalls |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (3) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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13.6 Stomach, Duodenum, and Diaphragm |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (3) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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Abnormalities and variants, pitfalls |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Abnormalities and variants, pitfalls |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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13.10 Bladder, Prostate, and Uterus |
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286 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (47) |
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289 | (29) |
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14.2 Clinical Presentation |
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318 | (17) |
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335 | (8) |
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335 | (1) |
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15.2 Practical Application |
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336 | (7) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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Aid to formulating organ-related findings |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (4) |
Index |
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343 | (7) |
Normal Ultrasound Measurement Values |
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350 | |