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1 Micro-and Nanotechnologies to Probe Brain Mechanobiology |
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1 | (30) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Tools to Explore the Effects of Biomechanical Forces on the Brain |
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5 | (5) |
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5 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Microtechnology Tools |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Nanotechnology Tools |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3 Effects of Biomechanical Forces on Cellular Functions |
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10 | (13) |
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1.3.1 Regulation of Gene Expression and Calcium Influx |
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10 | (5) |
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1.3.2 Regulation of Synapses and Neurotransmitter Release |
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15 | (2) |
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1.3.3 Regulation of Neurite Growth |
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17 | (2) |
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1.3.4 Regulation of Circuitry and Plasticity |
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19 | (1) |
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1.3.5 Regulation of Brain Folding |
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20 | (1) |
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1.3.6 Traumatic Brain Injuries |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (8) |
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2 Acute Neural Stimulation |
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31 | (24) |
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31 | (2) |
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2.2 Results and Discussions |
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33 | (9) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Characterization of Starch- and Chitosan-Coated MNPs |
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33 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Location and Uptake of MNPs |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Nano-Magnetic Forces Induce Ca2+ Influxes |
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36 | (2) |
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2.2.5 The Location of MNPs Affected the Response of Cortical Neural Networks to Nano-Magnetic Forces |
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38 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Mechanism of Stimulation |
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38 | (4) |
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2.2.7 Lipid Bilayer Stretch Model |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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2.4 Materials and Methods |
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45 | (4) |
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2.4.1 Fabrication of Magnetic Chips |
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45 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Cortical Neural Culture |
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46 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Characterization of Nanoparticle Properties |
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46 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Nanoparticle Incubation |
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47 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Calcium Dye Incubation and Magnetic Force Stimulation |
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47 | (1) |
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2.4.6 Immunofluorescent Labeling |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.8 Flow Cytometry Analysis |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.9 Image Acquisition, Analysis, and Statistical Evaluations |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (6) |
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3 Chronic Neural Stimulation |
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55 | (6) |
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3.1 Modulation of Excitatory: Inhibitory Ion Channel Ratio in Neurons with Magnetic Stimulation |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (2) |
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3.3 Materials and Methods |
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59 | (1) |
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3.3.1 Quantification of Magnetic Forces |
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59 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Chronic Magnetic Force Stimulation |
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59 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Statistical Significance |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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4 Phenotypic Selection of Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1) Over-Producers Using Magnetic Ratcheting |
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61 | (10) |
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61 | (2) |
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4.2 Results and Discussions |
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63 | (2) |
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4.2.1 Development of Magnetic Ratcheting Platform |
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63 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Generation of AMB-1 Library with Magnetic Ratcheting |
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63 | (1) |
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4.2.3 The Properties of Magnetosomes Produced by Over-producers Were Similar to Wild Type |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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4.4 Materials and Methods |
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66 | (2) |
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66 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Characterization of Cellular Magnetization (Cmag) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Isolation of Magnetosomes |
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67 | (1) |
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4.4.4 SQUID Characterization |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Automated Ratcheting System and Particle Experiments |
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68 | (1) |
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4.4.7 Electron Microscopy |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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5 Magnetic Microfluidic Separation for Estimating the Magnetic Contents of Magnetotactic Bacteria |
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71 | (12) |
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71 | (1) |
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5.2 Results and Discussions |
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72 | (5) |
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5.2.1 Design of Magnetic Microfluidic Device |
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72 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Optimizing Flow Ratio with Particles |
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72 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Minimizing Flagella Motion |
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74 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Assessing the Precision of Quantitative Estimation of Magnetic Contents in AMB-1 Mutants |
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74 | (3) |
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5.2.5 Parallelized Design for Microfluidic Bioreactor |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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5.4 Materials and Methods |
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77 | (4) |
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77 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Device Characterization with Beads |
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79 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Magnetic Field Measurements |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Trajectory Tracking |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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5.4.7 Electron Microscopy |
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80 | (1) |
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5.4.8 Statistical Analysis |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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6 Outlook for Magnetic Neural Stimulation Techniques |
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83 | (12) |
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6.1 Reporters of Magnetic Stimulation |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Microfluidics for Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis |
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85 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Magnetotactic Bacteria for Magnetosomes and Magnetic Nanoparticles |
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85 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier |
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86 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Minimizing Cytotoxicity from Magnetic Nanoparticles |
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87 | (1) |
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6.3 Energy-Delivering Devices |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (5) |
Appendix A Supporting Information for Chap. 2 |
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95 | (6) |
Appendix B Supporting Information for Chap. 3 |
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101 | (2) |
Appendix C Supporting Information for Chap. 4 |
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103 | (8) |
Appendix D Supporting Information for Chap. 5 |
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111 | (6) |
References |
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