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Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis: Automotive Technology: Vehicle Maintenance and Repair 5th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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(Technical Consultant, Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI), UK)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 418 pages, height x width: 276x219 mm, weight: 1140 g, 58 Tables, color; 33 Line drawings, color; 96 Line drawings, black and white; 391 Halftones, color; 39 Halftones, black and white; 424 Illustrations, color; 135 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Sep-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367330520
  • ISBN-13: 9780367330521
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Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis: Automotive Technology: Vehicle Maintenance and Repair 5th editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 418 pages, height x width: 276x219 mm, weight: 1140 g, 58 Tables, color; 33 Line drawings, color; 96 Line drawings, black and white; 391 Halftones, color; 39 Halftones, black and white; 424 Illustrations, color; 135 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Sep-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367330520
  • ISBN-13: 9780367330521
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Speciālā piedāvājuma visas grāmatas: Taylor & Francis offers several science and technology titles with ISE (International Student Edition) prices
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780367330521.html
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Diagnostics: Test don’t guess.

Learn all the skills you need to pass Level 3 and 4 Vehicle Diagnostics courses from IMI, City & Guilds, and BTEC, as well as ASE, AUR, and other higher-level qualifications.

Along with 25 new real-life case studies, this fifth edition of Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis includes new content on diagnostic tools and equipment: VCDS, decade boxes, scanners, pass through, sensor simulators, break out boxes, multimeter updates for HV use, and more . It explains the fundamentals of vehicle systems and components, and it examines diagnostic principles and the latest techniques employed in effective vehicle maintenance and repair. Diagnostics, or faultfinding, is an essential part of an automotive technician's work, and as automotive systems become increasingly complex there is a greater need for good diagnostic skills.

Ideal for students, included throughout the text are useful definitions, key facts, and ‘safety first’ notes. This text will also assist experienced technicians to further improve their performance and keep up with recent industry developments.

Recenzijas

An excellent addition to any lecturer/trainer/mentor and apprentice/learner in the process of learning about automotive faults.

-- Carl Smith, Suffolk New College, UK

Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Diagnosis
1(1)
1.1.1 What is needed to find faults?
1(1)
1.2 Safe working practices
2(2)
1.2.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2.2 Risk assessment and reduction
2(1)
1.2.3 High voltage vehicles
2(2)
1.2.4 IMI TechSafe™
4(1)
1.3 Terminology
4(1)
1.3.1 Introduction
4(1)
1.4 Report writing
4(3)
1.4.1 Introduction
4(1)
1.4.2 Example report
5(1)
1.4.2.1 Introduction
5(1)
1.4.2.2 Test criteria
5(1)
1.4.2.3 Facilities/Resources
5(1)
1.4.2.4 Test procedures
5(1)
1.4.2.5 Measured results
6(1)
1.4.2.6 Analysis of results
6(1)
1.4.2.7 Conclusions
6(1)
2 Diagnostic techniques
7(24)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.1.1 Logic
7(1)
2.1.2 Data
7(1)
2.1.3 Where to stop?
7(1)
2.2 Diagnostic process
8(4)
2.2.1 Six-stage process
8(1)
2.2.2 The art of diagnostics
8(1)
2.2.3 Concern, cause, correction
9(1)
2.2.4 Root cause analysis
10(1)
2.2.5 Summary
11(1)
2.3 Diagnostics on paper
12(1)
2.3.1 Introduction
12(1)
2.3.2 Examples
12(1)
2.3.3 How long is a piece of string?
12(1)
2.4 Real-world diagnostics
13(4)
2.4.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.4.2 What do you know?
13(1)
2.4.3 Training
13(1)
2.4.4 The customer
13(1)
2.4.5 How much does diagnostics cost?
14(1)
2.4.6 How much should you charge?
14(2)
2.4.7 Diagnostic sequence
16(1)
2.4.8 Efficiency
17(1)
2.4.9 Summary
17(1)
2.5 Mechanical diagnostic techniques
17(4)
2.5.1 Check the obvious first
17(1)
2.5.2 Noise, vibration and harshness
18(1)
2.5.3 Noise conditions
18(1)
2.5.4 Vibration conditions
18(1)
2.5.5 Road test
19(1)
2.5.6 Engine noises
20(1)
2.5.7 Sources of engine noise
20(1)
2.6 Electrical diagnostic techniques
21(6)
2.6.1 Check the obvious first
21(1)
2.6.2 Test lights and analogue meters -- warning
21(1)
2.6.3 Generic electrical testing procedure
21(1)
2.6.4 Volt drop testing
21(2)
2.6.5 Testing for short circuits to earth
23(1)
2.6.6 On and off load tests
23(1)
2.6.7 Black box technique
23(1)
2.6.8 Sensor to ECU method
24(1)
2.6.9 Flight recorder tests
24(1)
2.6.10 Faultfinding by luck -- or is it logic?
24(1)
2.6.11 Colour codes and terminal numbers
25(1)
2.6.12 Back probing connectors
26(1)
2.7 Systems
27(1)
2.7.1 What is a system?
27(1)
2.7.2 Vehicle systems
27(1)
2.7.3 Open-loop systems
27(1)
2.7.4 Closed-loop systems
28(1)
2.7.5 Block diagrams
28(1)
2.8 Pass-through
28(3)
2.8.1 Overview
28(2)
2.8.2 Software
30(1)
3 Tools and equipment
3.1 Range of equipment
31(7)
3.1.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.1.2 Basic hand tools
31(1)
3.1.3 Multimeter
31(1)
3.1.4 Diagnostic scanners overview
32(1)
3.1.4.1 VCDS
32(1)
3.1.4.2 Snap-on Verdict
33(1)
3.1.4.3 TopDon Artipad1
33(1)
3.1.5 Oscilloscope
34(1)
3.1.6 Breakout box
34(1)
3.1.7 Battery tester
35(1)
3.1.8 Insulation tester
36(1)
3.1.9 Thermal camera
36(1)
3.1.10 Sensor simulator
36(1)
3.1.11 Actuator driver
37(1)
3.1.12 Logic probe
37(1)
3.1.13 Accuracy of test equipment
38(1)
3.2 Multimeters
38(6)
3.2.1 Introduction
38(2)
3.2.2 Categories
40(1)
3.2.3 Taking measurements
41(1)
3.2.3.1 Voltage
41(1)
3.2.3.2 Resistance
41(1)
3.2.3.3 Current
41(1)
3.2.4 What is an open circuit voltage and how do you know zero is zero?
42(1)
3.2.5 Voltage drop testing example
43(1)
3.2.6 Insulation testing
43(1)
3.3 Oscilloscopes
44(9)
3.3.1 Operation
44(1)
3.3.2 High voltages and safety
45(1)
3.3.3 AC--DC
45(1)
3.3.4 Channels
45(1)
3.3.5 Making connections
46(1)
3.3.6 Non-invasive measurement
46(1)
3.3.7 Wiggly lines
47(1)
3.3.8 Example equipment
47(1)
3.3.8.1 Snap-on Verdict
47(1)
3.3.8.2 PicoScope
48(2)
3.3.9 Waveform library
50(1)
3.3.10 PicoDiagnostics
50(1)
3.3.11 Pressure sensor
50(1)
3.3.12 Noise and vibration
50(3)
3.4 Diagnostic tools
53(9)
3.4.1 On-board diagnostics
53(1)
3.4.2 Diagnostic trouble codes
53(1)
3.4.3 Example scanners
54(1)
3.4.3.1 Basic DIY
54(2)
3.4.3.2 VCDS
56(1)
3.4.3.3 ArtiPad
56(1)
3.4.3.4 How many scanners do you need?
57(1)
3.4.4 Live data
57(3)
3.4.5 Serial port communications
60(1)
3.4.6 OBD2 signal protocols
60(1)
3.4.7 Engine analysers
61(1)
3.5 Emission testing
62(2)
3.5.1 Introduction
62(1)
3.5.2 Exhaust gas measurement
62(1)
3.5.3 Exhaust analyser
62(1)
3.5.4 Emission limits
63(1)
3.6 Pressure testing
64(9)
3.6.1 Introduction
64(1)
3.6.2 Oscilloscope transducer
64(1)
3.6.3 Pressure analysis
65(8)
4 Sensors, actuators and oscilloscope diagnostics
73(44)
4.1 Introduction
73(1)
4.2 Sensors
73(21)
4.2.1 Introduction and sensor diagnostics
73(1)
4.2.2 Inductive sensors
73(2)
4.2.2.1 Crankshaft and camshaft sensors
75(1)
4.2.2.2 ABS speed sensor
75(2)
4.2.2.3 Inductive distributor pick-up
77(1)
4.2.3 Variable resistance
78(1)
4.2.3.1 Throttle position potentiometer
79(1)
4.2.3.2 Airflow meter - air vane
80(1)
4.2.4 Hot wire airflow sensor
81(1)
4.2.4.1 Airflow meter - hot wire
81(1)
4.2.5 Thermistors
82(1)
4.2.5.1 Coolant temperature sensor
83(1)
4.2.6 Hall effect sensors
84(1)
4.2.6.1 Hall effect distributor pick-up
84(1)
4.2.6.2 ABS Hall sensor
84(1)
4.2.6.3 Road speed sensor (Hall effect)
84(1)
4.2.7 Piezo accelerometer
85(1)
4.2.7.1 Knock sensor
85(1)
4.2.8 Oxygen sensors
86(1)
4.2.8.1 Oxygen sensor (Titania)
87(1)
4.2.8.2 Oxygen sensor (Zirconia)
88(1)
4.2.9 Pressure sensors
89(1)
4.2.9.1 Strain gauges
89(1)
4.2.9.2 Fuel pressure
89(1)
4.2.9.3 Manifold absolute pressure
90(1)
4.2.10 Variable capacitance
90(2)
4.2.10.1 Oil quality sensor
92(1)
4.2.11 Optical sensors
92(1)
4.2.12 Dynamic position sensors
92(1)
4.2.13 Rain sensor
93(1)
4.3 Actuators
94(10)
4.3.1 Introduction
94(1)
4.3.2 Testing actuators
94(1)
4.3.3 Motorised and solenoid actuators
95(1)
4.3.3.1 Motors
95(1)
4.3.3.2 Rotary idle speed control valve
95(1)
4.3.3.3 Stepper motors
96(1)
4.3.4 Solenoid actuators
97(1)
4.3.4.1 Single-point injector
98(2)
4.3.4.2 Multi-point injector
100(1)
4.3.4.3 Common rail diesel injector
101(1)
4.3.4.4 Idle speed control valve
102(1)
4.3.4.5 Exhaust gas recirculation valve
102(1)
4.3.4.6 Carbon canister and other valves
102(1)
4.3.5 Thermal actuators
103(1)
4.4 Engine waveforms
104(5)
4.4.1 Ignition primary
104(1)
4.4.2 Ignition secondary
104(3)
4.4.3 Diesel glow plugs
107(1)
4.4.4 Alternator waveform
107(1)
4.4.5 Relative compression petrol
108(1)
4.5 Communication networks
109(6)
4.5.1 Introduction
109(1)
4.5.2 CAN
109(1)
4.5.3 LIN
110(2)
4.5.4 FlexRay
112(1)
4.5.5 Time-triggered CAN
112(1)
4.5.6 Byteflight
112(1)
4.5.7 Ethernet
113(2)
4.6 Summary
115(2)
Acknowledgement
115(2)
5 On-board diagnostics
117(26)
5.1 History
117(2)
5.1.1 Introduction
117(1)
5.1.2 Vehicle emissions and environmental health
117(1)
5.1.3 History of the emissions control legislation
118(1)
5.1.4 Introduction of vehicle emissions control strategies
119(1)
5.2 What is on-board diagnostics?
119(3)
5.2.1 OBD scenario example
120(1)
5.2.2 Origins of OBD in the USA
121(1)
5.2.3 P code composition
121(1)
5.2.4 European on-board diagnostics and global adoption
122(1)
5.2.5 Summary
122(1)
5.3 Petrol/Gasoline on-board diagnostic monitors
122(7)
5.3.1 Introduction
122(1)
5.3.2 Legislative drivers
122(1)
5.3.3 Component monitoring
123(1)
5.3.4 Rationality testing
123(1)
5.3.5 Circuit testing
123(1)
5.3.6 Catalyst monitor
123(1)
5.3.7 Evaporative system monitor
124(1)
5.3.8 Fuel system monitoring
125(2)
5.3.9 Exhaust gas recirculation monitor
127(1)
5.3.10 Secondary air monitor
128(1)
5.3.11 Monitors and readiness flags
128(1)
5.4 Misfire detection
129(4)
5.4.1 Misfire monitor
129(2)
5.4.2 Crank speed fluctuation
131(1)
5.4.3 Ionising current monitoring
131(1)
5.4.4 Cylinder pressure sensing
132(1)
5.4.5 Exhaust pressure analysis
133(1)
5.5 OBD overview
133(4)
5.5.1 Introduction
133(1)
5.5.2 OBD2
134(1)
5.5.3 EOBD
135(1)
5.5.4 Features and technology of current systems
136(1)
5.5.4.1 MIL activation logic for detected malfunctions
136(1)
5.5.4.2 MIL healing
136(1)
5.5.4.3 Healing of the fault memory
137(1)
5.5.4.4 Freeze frame
137(1)
5.6 Driving cycles
137(3)
5.6.1 Introduction
137(1)
5.6.2 Europe
137(1)
5.6.3 USA
138(1)
5.6.4 Worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure
139(1)
5.7 Future developments in diagnostic systems
140(3)
5.7.1 OBD3
140(1)
5.7.2 Diesel engines
141(1)
5.7.3 Rate-based monitoring
141(1)
5.7.4 Model-based development
141(1)
5.7.5 OBD security
141(1)
5.7.6 Summary
142(1)
Acknowledgement
142(1)
6 Engine systems
143(84)
6.1 Introduction
143(1)
6.2 Engine operation
143(4)
6.2.1 Four-stroke cycle
143(1)
6.2.2 Cylinder layouts
143(1)
6.2.3 Camshaft drives
144(1)
6.2.4 Valve mechanisms
145(1)
6.2.5 Valve and ignition timing
145(2)
6.3 Diagnostics - engines
147(2)
6.3.1 Systematic testing example
147(1)
6.3.2 Test equipment
147(1)
6.3.2.1 Compression tester
147(1)
6.3.2.2 Cylinder leakage tester
147(1)
6.3.3 Test results
148(1)
6.3.4 Engine fault diagnosis table 1
148(1)
6.3.5 Engine fault diagnosis table 2
148(1)
6.4 Fuel system
149(1)
6.4.1 Introduction
149(1)
6.4.2 Engine management
149(1)
6.5 Diagnostics - basic fuel system
149(2)
6.5.1 Systematic testing example
149(1)
6.5.2 Test equipment
150(1)
6.5.2.1 Exhaust gas analyser
150(1)
6.5.2.2 Fuel pressure gauge
150(1)
6.5.3 Test results
150(1)
6.5.4 Fuel fault diagnosis table 1
151(1)
6.5.5 Fuel fault diagnosis table 2
151(1)
6.6 Ignition
151(10)
6.6.1 Basics
151(1)
6.6.2 Advance angle (timing)
152(1)
6.6.3 Electronic ignition
152(1)
6.6.4 Hall effect distributor
153(1)
6.6.5 Inductive distributor
154(1)
6.6.6 Current-limiting and closed-loop dwell
154(1)
6.6.7 Programmed ignition/electronic spark advance
154(2)
6.6.8 Distributorless ignition
156(2)
6.6.9 Direct ignition
158(1)
6.6.10 Sparkplugs
159(2)
6.7 Diagnostics -- ignition system
161(5)
6.7.1 Testing procedure
161(1)
6.7.2 Ignition fault diagnosis table
161(1)
6.7.3 Ignition components and testing
161(2)
6.7.4 DIS diagnostics
163(1)
6.7.5 Coil on plug (COP) diagnostics
163(1)
6.7.6 Sparkplugs
164(2)
6.8 Emissions
166(2)
6.8.1 Introduction
166(1)
6.8.2 Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
166(1)
6.8.3 Catalytic converters
167(1)
6.9 Diagnostics -- emissions
168(1)
6.9.1 Testing procedure
168(1)
6.9.2 Emissions fault diagnosis table
168(1)
6.10 Fuel injection
168(5)
6.10.1 Introduction
168(2)
6.10.2 Injection systems
170(1)
6.10.3 Fuel injection components
171(1)
6.10.3.1 Airflow meter
171(1)
6.10.3.2 Electronic control unit (ECU)
171(1)
6.10.3.3 Fuel pump
171(1)
6.10.3.4 Fuel filter
171(1)
6.10.3.5 Lambda sensor
171(1)
6.10.3.6 Temperature sensor
171(1)
6.10.3.7 Fuel injectors
172(1)
6.10.3.8 Idle or fast idle control actuator
172(1)
6.10.3.9 Fuel pressure regulator
172(1)
6.10.3.10 Throttle position switch
172(1)
6.10.4 Fuel mixture calculation
172(1)
6.11 Diagnostics -- fuel injection systems
173(1)
6.11.1 Testing procedure
173(1)
6.11.2 Fuel injection fault diagnosis table
173(1)
6.12 Diesel injection
173(7)
6.12.1 Introduction
173(2)
6.12.2 Electronic control of diesel injection
175(1)
6.12.3 Common rail (CR) diesel systems
176(1)
6.12.4 Diesel exhaust emissions
177(1)
6.12.5 Catalytic converter diesel
177(1)
6.12.6 Diesel particulate filters
178(1)
6.12.7 Selective catalytic reduction
179(1)
6.13 Diagnostics -- diesel injection systems
180(2)
6.13.1 Test equipment
180(1)
6.13.1.1 Smokemeter
180(1)
6.13.1.2 Injector tester
180(1)
6.13.2 Diesel injection fault diagnosis table
180(1)
6.13.3 Diesel engine smoke
180(1)
6.13.3.1 White or grey smoke
181(1)
6.13.3.2 Blue smoke
181(1)
6.13.3.3 Black smoke
181(1)
6.13.4 Glow plug circuit
181(1)
6.13.5 Diesel systems
182(1)
6.14 Engine management
182(8)
6.14.1 Introduction
182(1)
6.14.2 Closed-loop lambda control
183(1)
6.14.3 Engine management operation
184(3)
6.14.4 Gasoline direct injection (GDI)
187(2)
6.14.5 ECU calibration
189(1)
6.15 Diagnostics -- combined ignition and fuel systems
190(7)
6.15.1 Testing procedure
190(2)
6.15.2 Combined ignition and fuel control fault diagnosis table
192(1)
6.15.3 Fuel pump testing
193(1)
6.15.4 Injector testing
193(1)
6.15.5 ECU fuel trim diagnostics
193(4)
6.16 Air supply and exhaust systems
197(2)
6.16.1 Exhaust system
197(1)
6.16.2 Catalytic converters
198(1)
6.16.3 Air supply system
199(1)
6.17 Diagnostics -- exhaust and air supply
199(1)
6.17.1 Systematic testing
199(1)
6.17.2 Test results
199(1)
6.17.3 Exhaust and air supply fault diagnosis table 1
200(1)
6.17.4 Exhaust fault diagnosis table 2
200(1)
6.18 Cooling
200(2)
6.18.1 Air-cooled system
200(1)
6.18.2 Water-cooled system
200(1)
6.18.3 Sealed and semi-sealed systems
201(1)
6.18.4 Thermal management systems
202(1)
6.19 Diagnostics -- cooling
202(2)
6.19.1 Systematic testing
202(1)
6.19.2 Test equipment
202(1)
6.19.2.1 Cooling system pressure tester
202(1)
6.19.2.2 Antifreeze tester
203(1)
6.19.2.3 Temperature meter/thermometer
203(1)
6.19.3 Test results
203(1)
6.19.4 Cooling fault diagnosis table 1
203(1)
6.19.5 Cooling fault diagnosis table 2
203(1)
6.20 Lubrication
204(2)
6.20.1 Lubrication system
204(1)
6.20.2 Oil filters
204(1)
6.20.3 Oil pumps
204(1)
6.20.4 Crankcase ventilation engine breather systems
205(1)
6.21 Diagnostics -- lubrication
206(1)
6.21.1 Systematic testing
206(1)
6.21.2 Test equipment
206(1)
6.21.2.1 Oil pressure test gauge
206(1)
6.21.2.2 Vacuum gauge
206(1)
6.21.3 Test results
206(1)
6.21.4 Lubrication fault diagnosis table 1
207(1)
6.21.5 Lubrication fault diagnosis table 2
207(1)
6.22 Batteries
207(1)
6.22.1 Safety
207(1)
6.22.2 Lead-acid batteries
207(1)
6.22.3 Battery rating
208(1)
6.23 Diagnostics -- batteries
208(7)
6.23.1 Servicing batteries
208(1)
6.23.2 Maintenance-free
208(1)
6.23.3 Charging
209(1)
6.23.3.1 Smart chargers
209(1)
6.23.4 Battery faults
210(1)
6.23.5 Testing batteries
210(1)
6.23.6 Battery diagnostics
211(4)
6.24 Starting
215(3)
6.24.1 Starter circuit
215(1)
6.24.2 Pre-engaged starters
215(2)
6.24.3 Keyless starting system
217(1)
6.25 Diagnostics -- starting
218(2)
6.25.1 Circuit testing procedure
218(2)
6.25.2 Starting fault diagnosis table
220(1)
6.26 Charging
220(5)
6.26.1 Introduction
220(1)
6.26.2 Basic principles
221(1)
6.26.3 Rectification of AC to DC
221(1)
6.26.4 Regulation of output voltage
222(2)
6.26.5 Basic charging circuits
224(1)
6.26.6 Smart charging
224(1)
6.27 Diagnostics -- charging
225(2)
6.27.1 Testing procedure
225(1)
6.27.2 Charging fault diagnosis table
226(1)
7 Chassis systems
227(36)
7.1 Brakes
227(3)
7.1.1 Introduction
227(1)
7.1.2 Principle of hydraulic braking
227(1)
7.1.3 Disc and drum brake systems
228(1)
7.1.4 Brake adjustments
229(1)
7.1.5 Servo-assisted braking
229(1)
7.1.6 Brake fluid
230(1)
7.2 Diagnostics -- brakes
230(3)
7.2.1 Systematic testing
230(1)
7.2.2 Test equipment
230(1)
7.2.2.1 Brake fluid tester
230(1)
7.2.2.2 Brake roller test
230(1)
7.2.3 Dial gauge
231(1)
7.2.4 Test results
231(1)
7.2.5 Brakes fault diagnosis table 1
232(1)
7.2.6 Brakes fault diagnosis table 2
232(1)
7.2.7 Brake hydraulic faults
233(1)
7.2.8 Electronic brake system bleeding
233(1)
7.3 Antilock brakes
233(3)
7.3.1 Introduction
233(1)
7.3.2 Requirements of ABS
233(1)
7.3.3 General system description
234(1)
7.3.4 ABS components
234(1)
7.3.4.1 Wheel speed sensors
234(1)
7.3.4.2 Electronic control unit
235(1)
7.3.4.3 Hydraulic modulator
235(1)
7.4 Diagnostics -- antilock brakes
236(1)
7.4.1 Systematic testing procedure
236(1)
7.4.2 Antilock brakes fault diagnosis table
236(1)
7.4.3 Bleeding antilock brakes
236(1)
7.5 Traction control
236(2)
7.5.1 Introduction
236(1)
7.5.2 Control functions
236(1)
7.5.3 System operation
236(2)
7.6 Diagnostics -- traction control
238(2)
7.6.1 Systematic testing
238(1)
7.6.2 Traction control fault diagnosis table
238(2)
7.7 Steering and tyres
240(6)
7.7.1 Construction of a tubeless radial tyre
240(1)
7.7.2 Steering box and rack
240(1)
7.7.3 Power-assisted steering
241(1)
7.7.4 Steering characteristics
241(1)
7.7.5 Camber
242(1)
7.7.6 Castor
243(1)
7.7.7 Swivel axis inclination
244(1)
7.7.8 Tracking
245(1)
7.7.9 Scrub radius
245(1)
7.8 Diagnostics -- steering and tyres
246(4)
7.8.1 Systematic testing
246(1)
7.8.2 Test equipment
246(1)
7.8.2.1 Tyre pressure gauge and tread depth gauge
246(1)
7.8.2.2 Tracking gauges
246(1)
7.8.2.3 Wheel balancer
246(1)
7.8.3 Four-wheel alignment
246(1)
7.8.4 Test results
247(1)
7.8.5 Tyres fault diagnosis table
247(1)
7.8.6 Tyre inflation pressures
247(1)
7.8.7 Steering fault diagnosis
248(1)
7.8.8 Steering, wheels and tyres fault diagnosis
249(1)
7.8.9 ADAS and alignment
249(1)
7.9 Suspension
250(4)
7.9.1 Introduction
250(1)
7.9.2 Suspension system layouts
250(1)
7.9.3 Front axle suspensions
251(1)
7.9.4 Rear axle suspensions
252(1)
7.9.5 Anti-roll bar
252(1)
7.9.6 Springs
253(1)
7.9.7 Dampers
253(1)
7.10 Diagnostics -- suspension
254(1)
7.10.1 Systematic testing
254(1)
7.10.2 Test equipment
254(1)
7.10.2.1 Damper tester
254(1)
7.10.3 Test results
255(1)
7.10.4 Suspension fault diagnosis table 1
255(1)
7.10.5 Suspension fault diagnosis table 2
255(1)
7.11 Active suspension
255(6)
7.11.1 Active suspension operation
255(3)
7.11.2 Delphi MagneRide case study
258(3)
7.12 Diagnostics -- active suspension
261(2)
7.12.1 Systematic testing
261(1)
7.12.2 Back to the black box
261(2)
8 Electrical systems
263(62)
8.1 Electronic components and circuits
263(4)
8.1.1 Introduction
263(1)
8.1.2 Components
263(2)
8.1.3 Integrated circuits
265(1)
8.1.4 Digital circuits
265(1)
8.1.5 Electronic component testing
266(1)
8.2 Multiplexing
267(6)
8.2.1 Overview
267(1)
8.2.2 Controller area network (CAN)
268(2)
8.2.3 CAN data signal
270(1)
8.2.3.1 3-452 Section of an actual electrical signal
270(1)
8.2.4 Local interconnect network (LIN)
271(1)
8.2.5 FlexRay
272(1)
8.3 Diagnostics -- multiplexing
273(3)
8.4 Lighting
276(3)
8.4.1 External lights
276(1)
8.4.2 Lighting circuits
276(1)
8.4.3 Gas discharge lighting
277(2)
8.4.4 LED lighting
279(1)
8.5 Diagnostics -- lighting
279(4)
8.5.1 Testing procedure
279(2)
8.5.2 Lighting fault diagnosis table
281(1)
8.5.3 Headlight beam setting
281(2)
8.6 Auxiliaries
283(5)
8.6.1 Wiper motors and linkages
283(1)
8.6.2 Wiper circuits
284(1)
8.6.3 Two-motor wiper system
284(1)
8.6.4 Headlight wipers and washers
285(1)
8.6.5 Indicators and hazard lights
286(1)
8.6.6 Brake lights
287(1)
8.6.7 Electric horns
287(1)
8.6.8 Engine cooling fan motors
287(1)
8.7 Central control
288(1)
8.7.1 Overview
288(1)
8.7.2 System and circuit diagrams
289(1)
8.7.3 Control units
289(1)
8.8 Diagnostics -- auxiliary
289(5)
8.8.1 Testing procedure
289(5)
8.8.2 Auxiliaries fault diagnosis table
294(1)
8.8.3 "Wiper motor and circuit testing
294(1)
8.9 In-car entertainment (ICE), security and communications
294(3)
8.9.1 ICE
294(2)
8.9.2 Security systems
296(1)
8.10 Diagnostics -- ICE, security and communication
297(1)
8.10.1 Testing procedure
297(1)
8.10.2 ICE, security and communication system fault diagnosis table
298(1)
8.11 Body electrical systems
298(3)
8.11.1 Electric seat adjustment
298(1)
8.11.2 Electric mirrors
299(1)
8.11.3 Electric sunroof operation
299(1)
8.11.4 Door locking circuit
300(1)
8.11.5 Electric window operation
300(1)
8.12 Diagnostics -- body electrical
301(3)
8.12.1 Testing procedure
301(2)
8.12.2 Body electrical systems fault diagnosis table
303(1)
8.12.3 Circuit systematic testing
303(1)
8.13 Instrumentation
304(4)
8.13.1 Gauges
304(1)
8.13.2 Digital instrumentation
305(1)
8.13.3 Vehicle condition monitoring
306(1)
8.13.4 Trip computer
307(1)
8.13.5 Displays
307(1)
8.14 Diagnostics -- instruments
308(1)
8.14.1 Testing procedure
308(1)
8.14.2 Instrumentation fault diagnosis table
308(1)
8.14.3 Black box technique for instrumentation
308(1)
8.15 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
308(7)
8.15.1 Ventilation and heating
308(3)
8.15.2 Heating system -- water-cooled engine
311(1)
8.15.3 Heater blower motors
311(1)
8.15.4 Electronic heating control
311(1)
8.15.5 Air conditioning introduction
312(1)
8.15.6 Air conditioning overview
313(1)
8.15.7 Automatic temperature control
313(1)
8.15.8 Seat heating
314(1)
8.15.9 Screen heating
314(1)
8.15.10 PTC EV heaters
314(1)
8.16 Diagnostics -- HVAC
315(1)
8.16.1 Testing procedure
315(1)
8.16.2 Air conditioning fault diagnosis table
315(1)
8.16.3 Heating and ventilation fault diagnosis table
315(1)
8.16.4 Air conditioning receiver
315(1)
8.17 Cruise control
315(3)
8.17.1 Introduction
315(2)
8.17.2 System description
317(1)
8.17.3 Components
317(1)
8.18 Diagnostics -- cruise control
318(1)
8.18.1 Systematic testing
318(1)
8.18.2 Cruise control fault diagnosis table
318(1)
8.19 Air bags and belt tensioners
318(4)
8.19.1 Introduction
318(2)
8.19.2 Components and circuit
320(1)
8.19.3 Seat belt tensioners
321(1)
8.20 Diagnostics -- air bags and belt tensioners
322(3)
8.20.1 Systematic testing
322(1)
8.20.2 Air bags and belt tensioners fault diagnosis table
322(1)
8.20.3 Deactivation and activation procedures
322(1)
8.20.3.1 Deactivation procedure
322(2)
8.20.3.2 Reactivation procedure
324(1)
9 Transmission systems
325(14)
9.1 Manual transmission
325(4)
9.1.1 Clutch
325(1)
9.1.2 Manual gearbox
325(2)
9.1.3 Drive shafts and wheel bearings
327(1)
9.1.4 Final drive and differential
328(1)
9.1.5 Four-wheel drive systems
328(1)
9.2 Diagnostics -- manual transmission
329(2)
9.2.1 Systematic testing
329(1)
9.2.2 Test equipment
329(1)
9.2.2.1 Stethoscope
329(1)
9.2.3 Test results
329(1)
9.2.4 Manual transmission fault diagnosis table 1
330(1)
9.2.5 Manual gearbox fault diagnosis table 2
330(1)
9.2.6 Clutch fault diagnosis table
330(1)
9.2.7 Drive shafts fault diagnosis table
330(1)
9.2.8 Final drive fault diagnosis table
330(1)
9.3 Automatic transmission
331(5)
9.3.1 Introduction
331(1)
9.3.2 Torque converter operation
331(1)
9.3.3 Epicyclic gearbox operation
332(1)
9.3.4 Constantly variable transmission
333(1)
9.3.5 Electronic control of transmission
333(2)
9.3.6 Direct shift gearbox
335(1)
9.4 Diagnostics -- automatic transmission
336(3)
9.4.1 Systematic testing
336(1)
9.4.2 Test equipment
337(1)
9.4.2.1 Revcounter
337(1)
9.4.2.2 Pressure gauge
337(1)
9.4.3 Test results
337(1)
9.4.4 Automatic gearbox fault diagnosis table 1
338(1)
9.4.5 Automatic gearbox fault diagnosis table 2
338(1)
9.4.6 ECAT fault diagnosis table
338(1)
9.4.7 Automatic transmission stall test
338(1)
10 Practical diagnostics
339(42)
10.1 Real case studies
339(30)
10.1.1 Introduction
339(1)
10.1.2 Fiat Coupe 5-cylinder turbo with intermittent miss on number 3
339(1)
10.1.3 2015 BMW 530d -- unfixable!
340(1)
10.1.4 Misfire after going through a flood
341(1)
10.1.5 BMW with melted ignition coil
342(1)
10.1.6 PHEV's won't charge when plugged in
343(1)
10.1.7 Audi A6 4G 2.0 TDI Ultra, DPF
344(3)
10.1.8 2014 Skoda Yeti, cruise control not working
347(1)
10.1.9 1989 F250 service truck, cruise becomes inoperative with tail lights on
348(1)
10.1.10 2002 Dodge Caravan SE (Flex Fuel) hard or no-start, poor idle quality, stall
348(1)
10.1.11 2011 Volkswagen CC come in with a bulb out warning indicator
349(2)
10.1.12 BMW 123d Case Study -- Engine management issues
351(3)
10.1.13 2016 Iveco Daily battery light illuminated on the dashboard
354(2)
10.1.14 Chevrolet 3500 bus with a 6.6 Duramax diesel, ABS light on
356(1)
10.1.15 Renault T DT111 Euro 6 engine, fuel system fault
356(1)
10.1.16 Vauxhall, making a decision on a £2500 part
357(2)
10.1.17 Ford Fiesta with power loss
359(1)
10.1.18 Citroen DS3 1.6 Diesel -- no fault codes, now what?
359(3)
10.1.19 2010 Citroen Dispatch cut out and would not re start
362(1)
10.1.20 2014 Mitsubishi Outlander hybrid no ready mode
363(2)
10.1.21 Fiat panda 2010 1.1 petrol, stalling
365(4)
10.1.22 And finally
369(1)
10.2 Company case studies
369(11)
10.2.1 Introduction
369(1)
10.2.2 PicoScope: Audi A6 Quattro S-Line electric parking brake (EPB) failure
369(4)
10.2.3 Autoscope: Diagnosing an engine using the pressure waveforms
373(3)
10.2.4 The Automotive Technician (TaT), Australia
376(4)
10.3 Website
380(1)
10.3.1 Introduction
380(1)
10.3.2 Resources
380(1)
Glossary of abbreviations and acronyms 381(6)
Index 387
Tom Denton has been researching and writing best-selling automotive textbooks for more than 25 years. His published work is endorsed by all leading professional organisations and used by automotive students and technicians across the world. His postgraduate education in all aspects of technology and education combined with many years of practical industry experience have given him a broad base from which to approach and teach this interesting, yet challenging, subject.

As a Fellow of the Institute of the Motor Industry and a Member of the Institute of Road Transport Engineers and the Society of Automotive Engineers, he keeps in contact with the latest technologies and innovations across all aspects of this fascinating industry. As well as publishing more than 20 textbooks, Tom has created amazing support materials and eLearning courses. Learn more about Tom's textbooks and his online Automotive Technology Academy at: www.automotive-technology.org.